Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

M Wada

Publications and source records attributed to M Wada.

At least 433 records · Page 24Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

[Six-month short course chemotherapy containing pyrazinamide for initial treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis].

From January 1991 to December 1992, 419 patients with pulmonary tuberculosis were initially treated at Fukujuji Hospital. Among them, 190 patients, who were younger than 80 years old and had pulmonary tuberculosis with cavities or infiltration of extension 2 or 3, and/or were sputum-smear positive, had been treated by 6-month short course regimen containing pyrazinamide, 2HRS(E)Z/4HRE. And were eligible for the evaluation of the clinical usefulness of pyrazinamide-containing regimen for the initial treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis. The dose of pyrazinamide was 1.2 g per day irrespective of body weight. The patients of this treatment group consisted of 151 males and 39 females, and mean age of the males was 45.3 and that of the females was 43.8 years old. At the start of the treatment, 74% of the cases were smear positive, 70% were cavitary, and 6 cases each showed primary resistance to isoniazid and to streptomycin, respectively, and only one case showed resistance to both of isoniazid and streptomycin. There was no primary resistant case to either rifampicin or ethambutol. Bacteriologic negative conversion rates were 95% and 90% after 2 months of treatment by PZA-containing regimen and by the standard regimen, respectively, and treatment durations required to achieve the negative conversion of all cases were 3 and 6 months for respective regimens. Of 90 patients who completed 6-month PZA-containing regimen and could be followed-up, only one bacteriologic relapse (1.1%) was noticed. Elevation of serum GPT level higher than 150 IU/ml during the treatment was noticed in 6.3% of 175 cases under PZA-containing regimen in comparison with 4.0% of 174 cases under the standard regimen (not significant). The interval between the onset of the treatment and the detection of abnormal liver function was much shorter (mean 31.3 days) in the PZA-containing regimen than in the standard regimens (mean 63.4 days). Hyperuricaemia (> 10 mg/ml) was noticed in 46.7% of 57 males and 59.4% of 19 females tested, but pyrazinamide was not discontinued in any case due to arthralgia. These results clearly show that pyrazinamide can be used rather safely for Japanese tuberculosis patients. If the pyrazinamide-containing regimen [2HRS(E)Z/4HRE] is adopted as the new standard regimen in place of on-going standard regimen in Japan, 6HRS(E)/3HR, the duration of chemotherapy could be shortened by three months with the same level of both efficacy and safety. We recommended pyrazinamide-containing 6-month regimen, 2HRS(E)Z/4HRE, as the new standard regimen for the initial treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

[Atypical MDR].

Multiple drug resistance(MDR) is a major clinical obstacle in cancer chemotherapy. Acquirement of MDR phenotype in cancer cells is often associated with enhanced expression of human MDR-1 gene: MDR-1 gene codes membranous P-glycoprotein which catalyses energy-dependent outward transport of anticancer agents. By contrast, MDR cancer cell lines without overexpression of P-glycoprotein are called as atypical MDR (at MDR) cells. The acquirement of at MDR has been shown to be partly associated with altered DNA topoisomerase II. Furthermore, a new ATP binding cassette (ABC) family, MRP gene has just recently shown to involve in acquirement of at-MDR in cancer cell lines, which do not express both altered topoisomerase II and P-glycoprotein.

ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Mem↗
PubMed1994

Simultaneous occurrence of adenomas in stomach, duodenal bulb, and colon: disappearance of gastric and duodenal adenomas during oral administration of 5'-deoxy-5-fluorouridine.

The present report concerns a patient who was first diagnosed as having adenoma in the duodenal bulb and subsequently was discovered to have adenomas in the stomach and colon. Surgical procedures including endoscopic resection could not be carried out because the patient had advanced liver cirrhosis. Follow-up colonoscopy no longer detected any polyp in the colon. Ultrasonography demonstrated a slowly growing hypoechoic mass in the liver, which was indicative of hepatocellular carcinoma. Then, single chemotherapy with oral administration of 5'-deoxy-5-fluorouridine was initiated. Surprisingly, repeated esophagogastroduodenoscopy revealed gradual regression of the gastric and duodenal tumors. Findings from the endoscopy and biopsy materials 10 months after the start of therapy showed disappearance of the gastric and duodenal adenomas. Despite enlargement of the hepatic mass, no recurrence of gastric and duodenal tumors has been noted during the past 1 1/2 yr.

Adenoma↗
PubMed1994

[Multidrug resistance (MDR)].

Multiple drug resistance (MDR) is a major problem of current chemotherapy. Establishment of multiple drug resistant cell lines in culture and isolation of P-glycoprotein-coding MDR genes have promoted understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying drug resistance in tumors. Another gene, MRP, has been recently isolated from a multiple drug resistant cell line which did not express P-glycoprotein. Both genes have DNA sequence homology for each other and have been identified as members of ATP binding cassette (ABC) transporter superfamily. This review refers to recent progress in MDR and MRP study, and focuses on involvement of these two drug-resistance-related genes in acquiring drug resistance and their physiological functions.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

[Two pulmonary tuberculosis cases with HIV infection].

UNLABELLED: It was reported that HIV-infected persons were at much higher risk to develop active tuberculosis than HIV-none-infected persons, about 10% of whom might develop active tuberculosis through their lives, almost identical percentage of HIV-infected persons had developed active tuberculosis annually. In Japan, 2838 HIV-infected persons including 621 AIDS-cases were reported by the end of June 1993. Oct. Ten HIV-infected cases of active mycobacteriosis have been reported in literatures or on scientific meeting. We experienced two tuberculosis cases with HIV-infection recently and will report herein. FIRST CASE: A 23 years-old male student of Japanese-language school from Myammer. He was admitted to our hospital because of high fever and cough. His chest X-ray film taken on admission showed left hilar and mediastinal lymph nodes swelling, calcification of left hilar lymph node and infiltration in middle lung field. Sputum smear for acid fast bacilli was strongly positive. The cultured isolates were identified as Mycobacterium tuberculosis by DNA probe methods and were susceptibility tests were sensitive to all antituberculous drugs. Tuberculin skin reaction was negative. Laboratory data on admission: serum albumin level was 2.7 g/dl, A/G ratio was 0.75, CRP was 26.4 dg/ml, HBe antigen and antibody were positive, HIV antibody was positive by PA method and Western blot method, total lymphocyte count was 410/microliters, total T lymphocyte count was 303/microliters, total B lymphocyte count was 29/microliters, CD4+ T lymphocyte count was 37/microliters, CD8+ T lymphocyte count was 279/microliters, CD4+/CD8+ ratio was 0.1.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1994

[Efficacy of the standard regimen for initial treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis: results of long-term followed-up].

In 1986, the regimen with isoniazid, rifampicin and streptomycin or ethambutol for 9 or 6 months was introduced as the standard therapy for the initial treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis in Japan. Since then, several reports have been published on the relapse rate after such standard regimen, but follow-up observation was limited to relatively short period in these studies, except one study. Further, none of these studies reported overall efficacy rate of the treatment which was the most important index to evaluate the regimen. So we investigated the deaths, defaults, treatment failures, and relapses during and after the initial treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis patients to calculate the efficacy rate. Three hundred and six patients with newly diagnosed pulmonary tuberculosis, who had admitted to Fukujuji Hospital and started initial treatment with standard regimen, were followed-up, retrospectively. At the start of the initial treatment, mean age of the male patients were 47.0 and those of the female patients were 42.2 years old (male: 232 cases, female: 74 cases). Of the total 306 patients, 84.5% were basically positive and 50.7% were cavitary tuberculosis. Resistance to isoniazid, rifampicin, streptomycin and ethambutol was noticed in 3.5%, 0.4%, 4.3% and 0.4% of the patients tested. Their medical records in Fukujuji Hospital were reviewed, and for the patients who had not visited the hospital more than one year letters were sent to request to visit the hospital and to answer to questionnaire. The questionnaire were also sent to the referred hospitals and the concerned health-centers. Of 306 patients enrolled in the present investigation, 7 have dropped out.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Analysis of p53 mutations in a large series of lymphoid hematologic malignancies of childhood.

p53 mutations are found in a wide variety of cancers, including hematologic malignancies. These alterations apparently contribute to development of the malignant phenotype. We analyzed a large series of lymphoid (330 cases) and a smaller series of myeloid (29 cases) malignancies of childhood for p53 mutations by single-strand conformational polymorphism (SSCP) following polymerase chain reaction. Samples with abnormal SSCP were reamplified and analyzed by direct sequencing method. p53 mutations were detected within the known mutational hotspots (exons 5 to 8) in 8 of 330 lymphoid malignancies, and in none of 29 myeloid malignancies, showing that the frequency of p53 mutations in childhood lymphoid malignancies was very low (8 of 330 cases [2%]). Four of these patients had very aggressive, fatal acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL). None of 13 infants and none of 48 patients with T-lineage leukemia had detectable p53 mutations in their ALL cells. Exceptionally, p53 mutations were comparatively frequent in a small sample of B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphomas (2 of 8 cases). Mutations were detected in samples from two patients with ALL at relapse; these were not detected in samples at initial diagnosis from the same patients, suggesting that p53 mutations may be associated with progression to a more malignant phenotype. Seven of eight alterations of p53 were missense mutations, and seven of eight samples may be heterozygous for the mutant p53, indicating that p53 protein may act in a dominant negative fashion.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Relationships between alkali light-chain complement and myosin heavy-chain isoforms in single fast-twitch fibers of rat and rabbit.

The present study compares the alkali myosin light chain (LC) complement of the fast fiber types IIB, IID and IIA in single fibers from rat muscle, as well as in type IID and type IIA fibers from rabbit muscle. Single fibers were classified according to their electrophoretically determined myosin heavy chain (HC) isoforms, HCIIb, HCIId, and HCIIa. Alkali myosin light chains were analysed by densitometric evaluation of two-dimensional electrophoresis performed on extracts from the same fibers. On the average, the fraction of LC3f, i.e. LC3f/(LC1f+LC3f), was highest in type IIB fibers and lowest in type IIA fibers. Type IID fibers occupied an intermediate position. Also in the rabbit, type IID fibers displayed a higher fraction of LC3f than type IIA fibers. Large scattering of the LC3f fraction in IIB, IID, and IIA fibers indicated that each fiber type is composed of fibers identical with regard to their specific myosin heavy chain complement, but heterogeneous with regard to their fast alkali light chain composition and the resulting light-chain-based isomyosins. It is suggested that the variable proportions of the two alkali light chains in the three fast fiber populations serve as a fine tuning of contractile velocities within the ranges determined by the three fast myosin heavy-chain isoforms.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Multidimensional assessment of mental state in occupational health care--combined application of three questionnaires: Tokyo University Egogram (TEG), Time Structuring Scale (TSS), and Profile of Mood States (POMS).

We attempted to develop a brief test battery to assess mental state for use in occupational health care settings. As a first step, we focused on the following three psychosocial aspects: ego state, behavioral pattern, and mood state which were considered to be closely related to mental state. To evaluate these parameters, we selected three established self-rating questionnaires: the Tokyo University Egogram for ego state, the Time Structuring Scale for behavioral pattern, and the Profile of Mood States for mood state. The combination of these three questionnaires was applied on 300 healthy company employees and school teachers (170 males and 130 females). Five ego-state factors (Critical Parents, Nurturing Parents, Adult, Free Child, and Adapted Child), five behavioral pattern factors (Withdrawal, Rituals and Pastimes, Activities, Intimacy, and Games), and six mood state factors (Tension-Anxiety, Depression-Dejection, Anger-Hostility, Vigor-Activity, Fatigue-Inertia, and Confusion-Bewilderment) were scored. Of 85 correlations between test factors, 49 in males and 61 in females were not significant, indicating that each test in this battery assessed aspects of mental state rather independent of those assessed by the others. However, significant correlations (P < 0.05) were observed for remaining pairs of test factors, indicating that these three parameters were also interrelated with each other, indicating that mental state could be elucidated more comprehensively by assessing all three psychosocial parameters than by assessing only one. The possibility that this battery could be used in the future in worksite health promotion programs is discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Low temperature and short days together induce thyroid activation and suppression of LH release in Japanese quail.

We have found in Japanese quail that low ambient temperature is required to terminate breeding activity in the presence of short days (Wada et al., 1990, Gen. Comp. Endocrinol. 80, 465-472; Tsuyoshi and Wada, 1992, Gen. Comp. Endocrinol. 85, 424-429). To elucidate the mechanism for photoperiodic and temperature regulation of the release of luteinizing hormone (LH), several serum variables were measured in three groups of mature male birds: (a) birds kept on long days of 16L:8D, 24 hr at 19 degrees as an initial control group (Group IC), (b) birds transferred from long days to short days of 8L:16D, 24 hr at 19 degrees (Group S) for 14 days, and (c) birds transferred to short days of 8L:16D and low temperature cycles of 12 hr, 19 degrees: 12 hr, 9 degrees (Group SL) for 14 days. Testicular mass and plasma concentrations of LH significantly decreased to nonbreeding levels in Group SL, but not in Group S, confirming our previous results. Hematocrit, serum osmolarity, and concentrations of Na+, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+, and Cl- ions were not different among the three groups. Serum concentrations of free fatty acids were increased in Group SL, but the increase was not statistically significant. On the other hand, plasma concentrations of thyroid hormones changed significantly; thyroxine (T4), but not triiodothyronine (T3), increased in Group S, and T3, but not T4, increased in Group SL. To follow the changes in plasma levels of LH, T4, and T3 during the treatments, blood samples were collected every other day for 2 weeks from birds in the three groups of mature male birds described above.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Heparin sulfate-like immunoreactivity in the spinal cord in motor neuron disease.

The spinal cords from eight autopsy cases of sporadic motor neuron disease (MND) and two control cases were immunohistochemically examined using antibodies directed to neurofilament proteins (anti-Nf) and to heparan sulfate (HepSS-1). Variable numbers of spheroids were observed in the anterior horns in the MND cases. In one case of MND, one third to half of the remaining anterior horn cells contained conglomerate inclusions in their perikarya. These pathological structures were not encountered in the control cases. The immunohistochemical study revealed that both anti-Nf and HepSS-1 intensely labelled all spheroids and conglomerate inclusions in the MND cases. The colocalization of heparan sulfate with neurofilamentous accumulation suggests that heparan sulfate is required for the aggregation of neurofilaments, resulting in the formation of spheroids and conglomerate inclusions in MND.

Aged↗
PubMed1993

Heredity of muscle fibre composition estimated from a selection experiment in rats.

The extent to which muscle fibre composition was determined by the genes transmitted from parents was estimated by using successive selections of rats. A foundation population (G0) was established to carry out the selections; it consisted of 100 albino rats which were randomly chosen from heterogeneous stock. The heterogeneous stock was produced by random-mating of three strains, Wistar-Imamichi, Fischer 344 and Donryu. Successive selection for a high percentage of slow twitch fibres (% ST) was made from G0 to the fourth generation (G4). The mean values of % ST changed from 50.0% in G0 to 55.6% in G4. The mean value in G4 was significantly higher than that in G0. The realized heritability in G0-G4 was calculated from the regression of selection response on the cumulated selection differential. The regression coefficient was 0.17 (SEM 0.04). The realized heritability was significantly different from 0 at the 0.05 level. We concluded that in rats about 17% of the variation of muscle fibre composition was determined by the genes transmitted from parents.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Antihypertensive effects of CS-045 treatment in obese Zucker rats.

The association of hypertension with obesity has been well recognized, but the etiology remains poorly understood. Obesity is characterized by hyperinsulinemia, which reflects peripheral insulin resistance. Insulin resistance may participate in the development of hypertension with obesity. CS-045 [(I)-5-[4-(5-hydroxy-2,5,7,8-tetramethylchroman-2-yl-methoxy)be nzy l]-2,4- thiazolidiendion] is a new orally effective antidiabetic agent that potentiates insulin action and reduces insulin resistance in obese Zucker rats and other obese diabetic animals. In this study, we examined the antihypertensive effect of CS-045 in obese male and female Zucker rats as a model of hypertension associated with obesity. CS-045 was administered as a food admixture (approximately 16 and approximately 70 mg/kg/d) for 4 weeks (female) and (approximately 15 and approximately 67 mg/kg/d) 8 weeks (male) in obese Zucker rats at 5 to 7 months of age. CS-045 slightly but significantly decreased plasma glucose levels. Plasma insulin levels were significantly decreased in obese male rats, but were not significantly decreased in obese female rats. Drug administration led to significant decreases in plasma triglyceride and cholesterol levels and systolic blood pressure (SBP) in a dose-dependent manner from 1 week after administration in obese Zucker rats. CS-045 increased urinary sodium excretion, sodium/potassium ratio, and creatine clearance in a dose-dependent manner, and also led to a remarkable decrease in urinary protein excretion. However, CS-045 did not reduce urinary catecholamine excretion. These data indicate that CS-045 may promote renal sodium excretion and improve decreased glomerular filtration rates, which may reflect the amelioration of insulin resistance.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1993

cDNA sequence diversity and genomic clusters of major surface glycoprotein genes of Pneumocystis carinii.

The major surface glycoprotein (MSG) of Pneumocystis carinii plays a crucial role in the pathobiology of P. carinii, which often causes fatal pneumonia in AIDS patients. The cDNAs encoding MSG antigens were cloned from a lambda gt11 expression library of rat-derived P. carinii by immunoscreening. The cloned cDNAs constituted a gene family containing approximately 70% amino acid identity between subtypes. The diversity of MSG cDNAs was high and reflected the genomic structure of MSG genes clustered in the P. carinii chromosomes. These multiple genes may account for the high-level expression of MSG that could generate potential variations in the cell surface. Moreover, the MSG sequences have significant sequence homology to tropomyosins and myosins, suggesting physical or functional association with the membrane cytoskeleton.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1993

Detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in clinical specimens by polymerase chain reaction and Gen-Probe Amplified Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Direct Test.

The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using oligonucleotides based on the repetitive sequence (IS986) of Mycobacterium tuberculosis as a primer and the Gen-Probe Amplified Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Direct Test (MTD), which combines an M. tuberculosis rRNA amplification method with the hybridization protection assay format, were evaluated for detection of M. tuberculosis in clinical samples. The detection limits of these two assay systems based on nucleic acid amplification for cultured M. tuberculosis were less than 10 cells per reaction. A total of 135 sputum specimens were examined by the two assay systems. The PCR and the MTD systems for detection of M. tuberculosis gave overall positivity rates of 84.2% (32 of 38) and 91.9% (34 of 37), respectively, as compared with 71.9% (23 of 32) by smear and 96.9% (31 of 32) by culture in the liquid medium MB-Check. Procedures for sample preparation used in the two methods were different. Although the sensitivities of the PCR and MTD appeared to be similar to that of culture with the MB-Check system, the two methods based on nucleic acid amplification should be very useful for rapid detection of M. tuberculosis infections without the long time required for culture of M. tuberculosis.

Bacteriological Techniques↗