Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to M W Swanson.
Metastatic cancer is the most common form of neoplasm affecting the eyes and orbit. Six cases of metastatic cancers with origination or dissemination within the visual system are presented. Typical and atypical characteristics of metastatic cancer of the visual system are discussed.
Thirty subjects with clinically diagnosed toxoplasmosis retinal lesions, and 30 control subjects matched for age, sex, and race, were evaluated for the presence of IgG antitoxoplasmosis antibodies by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) methodology. Positive titer was found in 56% of subjects and 20% of controls. Positivity of titer was not correlated to location of lesion, laterality, presence of satellites, sex, or race. Increasing age in both subjects and controls was weakly correlated to positive titer. Study results indicate that a relative overdiagnosis of toxoplasmosis occurs if positive antibody titer is accepted as criteria for positive diagnosis. Currently employed criteria based on physical findings appear to be of little value in predicting positive titer.
A case of total ophthalmoplegia is presented secondary to attempted suicide by firearm. The case demonstrates classic intermediate cavernous sinus syndrome signs. The neuroanatomy of the region, along with common parasellar syndromes, is reviewed.
The neurodevelopmental course of 219 Neonatal Intensive Care Unit graduates followed prospectively over 2 years was determined on retrospective chart review. Mild neuromotor abnormalities during the first year were identified in 50%, three-quarters of which proved transient with normal development at 2 years of age. Moderate abnormalities were identified in 7%, half of which proved transient. Severe neuromotor abnormalities were identified in 20%, two-thirds of whom had cerebral palsy at 2 years. Persistent noncerebral palsy neuromotor abnormalities remained in one-third of those in the severe abnormality group, one-half of those in the moderate abnormality group, and one-quarter of those in the mild abnormality group. As birthweight decreased, the incidence of always normal development and transient neuromotor abnormalities decreased while the incidence of persistent neuromotor abnormalities increased. Small for gestational age infants demonstrated a slightly higher incidence of persistent abnormalities than their appropriate for gestational age counterparts. No significant sex differences were observed.
This study was conducted to examine the reliability of the Movement Assessment of Infants (MAI), a recently published neuromotor assessment tool. Interobserver and test-retest reliability data were collected on 27 full-term and 26 preterm 4-month-old infants. Reliability coefficients (Pearson r) were calculated for both the total-risk scores and the section-risk scores on the MAI. The total-risk score was calculated by summing the questionable or abnormal ratings on each of the 65 test items. For each of the four sections of the test, tone, primitive reflexes, automatic reactions, and volitional movement, an individual section-risk score was computed in a similar manner. Fair reliability was demonstrated for the total-risk scores (interobserver: r = .72; test-retest: r = .76). Section-risk score coefficients yielded a wide range of values for both interobserver and test-retest reliabilities (poor to good reliability). These measures provide needed technical data for therapists using this test and will assist the authors of the MAI in their attempts to improve the clinical validity of this assessment tool.
Early identification of neuromotor deficits, cerebral palsy or other neurological handicaps, is a focus of concern for neurologists, pediatricians, and developmental therapists. Among infants at risk for developing these handicaps are those with low birthweight, idiopathic respiratory distress syndrome, and early central nervous system insults. The Movement Assessment of infants (MAI), a neuromotor assessment tool, was developed for the purpose of evaluating high-risk infants participating in the University of Washington's Neonatal Intensive Care Unit Followup Clinic. The predictive validity of the MAI was evaluated for 246 infants for whom assessments had been completed at four months and for whom at least one set of followup data was available at either one or two years of age. Correlations between the MAI total risk score and all five of the outcome measures at one and two years were highly significant. The clinical relevance of this study in the use of the MAI as an evaluation tool for identifying infants with neuromotor dysfunction is discussed.
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