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Biomedical subjects

M W McKenzie

Publications and source records attributed to M W McKenzie.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1985

Thiazide diuretics and bone mineral content in postmenopausal women.

This retrospective study of 54 postmenopausal women taking thiazide diuretics found that bone mineral measurements and bone fracture prevalence did not differ significantly from those of matched control subjects. Matching on the variables of type of menopause (surgical/nonsurgical), years postmenopausal, duration of estrogen therapy (if any), daily intake of dietary and supplemental calcium and vitamin D, and Quetelet index was done without knowledge of the bone mineral measurements. Bone mass was recorded as the bone mineral content and bone density of the distal and midshaft radius. Only fractures associated with osteoporosis (hip, rib, vertebrae, and wrist) were recorded. This study suggests that thiazide diuretics do not provide protection against osteoporosis.

Aged↗
PubMed1984

Pharmacists' views on mandatory patient counseling.

A questionnaire was sent to a randomly selected sample of Florida pharmacists to obtain information on the acceptability of mandatory patient counseling. The results of the questionnaire demonstrated that most Florida pharmacists who responded to the survey do not favor a patient counseling regulation. Factors that correlated with a desire for mandatory counseling include: an institutional practice site; assistant director and staff pharmacist position; and a perceived higher income for the patients served by pharmacists. These data indicated that if the mandatory method is selected to stimulate pharmacist-patient interaction, the interrelated issues of reimbursement, facility changes, technician support, patient profiles, continuing education programs, and pharmacists' attitudes toward regulated practice will need to be addressed.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMed1983

Treatment of hypercalcemia.

The indications, effectiveness, and adverse effects of the numerous treatment modalities for hypercalcemia are presented. Results of a retrospective chart review of 72 admissions (53 patients) for hypercalcemia-related diseases are presented to emphasize the therapeutic principles that should be applied in the management of these patients. Hydration, forced diuresis, oral phosphates, and glucocorticosteroid drugs are common therapeutic approaches. Combination therapy with glucocorticosteroid drugs, oral phosphates, and forced diuresis is utilized to take advantage of multiple mechanisms of action. Outpatient therapy for hypercalcemia consists primarily of glucocorticosteroid agents and oral phosphates. Most patients are treated if the serum calcium level is greater than or equal to 12 mg/dL. An algorithm is presented to assist the clinician in selecting the most efficacious treatment plan.

Calcium↗
PubMed1983

Drug usage in newborn intensive care units.

A national survey of neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) was undertaken to obtain information concerning drug usage, dosages, methods of administration, incidence of drug-induced phlebitis, and drug reference sources. Antimicrobial agents are the most frequently used drugs in NICUs. Dosages reported by NICUs generally agreed with dosage recommendations by the manufacturer and literature citations. A 10% estimate of phlebitis was the consensus report by NICUs. Calcium gluconate was implicated most often as causing phlebitis, and most NICUs reported that drugs are not mixed with hyperalimentation solutions. The Pharmacy and Therapeutic Committee should review drug dosages in neonates and establish policies for intravenous drug administration methods and rates to ensure uniform initial doses and to provide a consensus among clinicians using these medications.

Data Collection↗
PubMed1983

Stability of cimetidine hydrochloride in admixtures after microwave thawing.

The stability of cimetidine hydrochloride in admixtures subjected to freezing and subsequent microwave thawing was studied. Admixtures containing cimetidine 300 mg were prepared using 18 50-ml bags of 5% dextrose injection and 18 100-ml bags of 0.9% sodium chloride injection. A sample for analysis of pH and drug concentration was withdrawn from each bag, and all admixtures were frozen for 28 days. Nine admixtures of each solution were thawed at room temperature and the other nine in a microwave oven until a final solution temperature of 24 +/- 2 degrees C was reached. An additional five cimetidine admixtures in 0.9% sodium chloride injection were prepared and irradiated in the microwave oven until boiling occurred for five seconds. Samples of all admixture solutions were withdrawn within 30 minutes of thawing and again at 24 +/- 2 hours after thawing to determine pH and cimetidine concentration. Concentrations were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography. Admixtures pH after thawing did not vary substantially from baseline values. A significant difference in cimetidine concentration for each solution was observed between samples drawn at 0 and 24 hours after thawing; drug concentrations in 5% dextrose increased by 5.9% while those in 0.9% sodium chloride decreased by 1.5%. Thawing method had no significant effect on drug concentration in either admixture solution. In the solutions and drug concentrations tested, microwave thawing did not affect cimetidine stability. Increases in cimetidine concentrations in 5% dextrose solution may have been attributable to greater insensible water losses produced by heating of the small 50-ml bags.

Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid↗
PubMed1981

Topical clindamycin formulations for the treatment of acne vulgaris. An evaluation.

This study evaluated the effectiveness of topically applied clindamycin hydrochloride and clindamycin phosphate in two, nonprescription, antiacne hydroalcoholic products for the treatment of acne vulgaris. Two percent concentrations of these clindamycin compounds were compared with the hydroalcoholic products in patients with moderate to severe acne who were attending a private dermatology office practice during a three-month period. Statistical analysis revealed a significantly greater clinical effectiveness for the clindamycin formulations compared with the hydroalcoholic products after eight weeks. The effectiveness of clindamycin compared with the hydroalcoholic products was not significantly greater after four and 12 weeks. The following are the possible reasons for this nonsignificant difference: a placebo effect within the first month, relative ineffectiveness of one type of clindamycin formulation tested, and the impressive clinical effectiveness of the antiacne hydroalcoholic products when combined with a consistent cleansing program.

Acne Vulgaris↗
PubMed1978

Combined motor and peripheral sensory insufficiency. III. Management of spinal cord injury.

For clarity in presenting the concepts of care, the patients have been divided into discrete neurological levels according to their dominant patterns of muscle strength. Individuals can vary considerably, however, and these differences must be accommodated by corresponding modification in the orthotic functional plan. The C6 level patient, with his effective wrist extensor as well as arm musculature, can recover a single mode of grasp and release through a wrist-driven, flexor-hinge-hand orthosis, or a natural tenodesis. Available arm function, despite the loss of all wrist and hand musculature, enables the C5 quadriplegic patient to regain prehension with a passive ratchet flexor-hinge or an electric flexor-hinge-hand orthosis. Both groups of patients also require various aids to accomplish wheelchair propulsion, ischial pressure relief, bed transfers, and, for the C6 level, driving.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Adverse drug reactions leading to hospitalization in children.

During a three-year period of prospective epidemiologic surveillance for adverse drug reactions in a pediatric population, 72 (2.0%) of 3,556 medical admissions were the result of adverse drug reactions. Antineoplastic drugs were most frequently cited as causing a reaction leading to admission. Approximately 40% of the reactions were severe, and four reactions contributed to death.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1975

Infant formulas.

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Animals↗