[Esthesioneuroblastoma: a comparative study of tumor and matrix tissue with derived histogenesis].
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Animals↗
Biomedical subjects
M Vollrath
Publications and source records attributed to M Vollrath.
[Clinical aspects and prognosis of paranasal sinus tumors with special reference to their etiology].
Sixty-one patients operated on for malignant paranasal sinus tumours were investigated to elucidate the incidence and route of metastasis; survival rate, incidence of recurrent tumours, sex distribution etc. as well as possible exogenous causative factors. Adenocarcinomas have a better prognosis in women than in men and sometimes show local recurrences even 10 years and more after primary operation. Tumours of the paranasal sinuses often produce primarily hematogeneous distant metastases, with a fatal outcome. Occupational carcinogenic influence of wood dust seems very likely.
Adult↗
[Immunohistological demonstration of the intermediate filaments in a laryngeal carcinosarcoma: considerations on its histogenesis].
A carcinosarcoma of the larynx was analysed by means of a light microscope and by immunohistological staining technique using antibodies against various intermediate filament proteins. Whereas tumour areas of an epithelial character reacted with antibodies against keratin, the spindle cells demonstrated a positive immunofluorescence with vimentin antibodies. Inside some tumour cells a coexpression of keratin and vimentin (intermediate filaments of mesenchymal cells) could be demonstrated. It is likely that these double stained cells represent the primitive stem cell of the carcinosarcoma, differentiating during further development either into epithelial or mesenchymal tumour cells.
Carcinosarcoma↗
Chemically induced tumors of rat olfactory epithelium: a model for human esthesioneuroepithelioma.
N-Nitrosopiperidine (CAS: 100-75-4) and 2,6-dimethylnitrosomorpholine induced tumors of the olfactory epithelium in white Wistar rats. Some tumors were serially transplanted to NMRI nude mice (nu/nu) and passaged up to 16 times in a 1-year period. Tumor tissues from rats and mice were analyzed by conventional pathological stains, by electron microscopy, and by immunofluorescence microscopy with the use of antibodies specific for different intermediate filaments. Both carcinogens induced tumors built of undifferentiated small, round cells in which neuroblastic (Homer-Wright) rosettes and ependymal (Flexner) rosettes were visible. In some tumors areas of squamous cell metaplasia could be observed, which sometimes differentiated toward squamous cell carcinoma. Electron microscopy showed neurosecretory granules in some tumor cells, and biochemical studies of plasma showed in some instances elevated ACTH and calcitonin levels. Intermediate filament typing showed that in general the undifferentiated tumor cells lack intermediate filaments, although in 6 of 29 tumors a few cells that stained positively for neurofilaments were found. Flexner rosettes, the areas showing squamous cell differentiation, and occasional single tumor cells were positive with keratin antibodies. Neurofilament expression was observed in a minor population of tumor cells placed in tissue culture. These findings are used to argue that the chemically induced rat tumors are a model for human esthesioneuroepithelioma and furthermore that the light basal cells of the epithelium may be the stem cells of the rat tumors as well as of its rare counterparts in humans.
Adrenocorticotropic Hormone↗
An ultrastructural and immunohistological study of the rat olfactory epithelium: unique properties of olfactory sensory cells.
The olfactory epithelium contains three cell types: basal cells, supporting cells and sensory neurons. Electron microscopy as well as immunofluorescence microscopy with intermediate-filament antibodies were used to study the rat olfactory epithelium in order to obtain more information about these different cell types and to try to investigate their histogenetic origins. We found mitoses in the basal-cell layer, as well as multiple centrioles and tonofilaments in some basal cells. As revealed by electron microscopy, the supporting cells contained tonofilaments and reacted strongly with antibodies to keratin, in line with their known epithelial nature. When antibodies to other intermediate-filament types were used, i.e. glial fibrillary acidic protein, vimentin, desmin and neurofilaments, no reaction was seen in the cells of the olfactory epithelium, with the exception of occasional staining of a few axons in the subepithelial layer by neurofilament antibodies. In particular, the cell bodies, dendrites and most axons of the sensory neurons were negative for a variety of antibodies against neurofilaments. Olfactory sensory neurons therefore belong to the very few cells in adult animals which seem to lack intermediate filaments. We discuss whether this finding is related to the fact that these cells are also unique among neurons in that they are not permanent cells but constantly turn over.
Animals↗
Esthesioneuroblastoma: ultrastructural, immunohistological and biochemical investigation of one case.
A case of esthesioneuroblastoma, the pathological diagnosis of which almost always causes great difficulties, was investigated ultrastructurally, biochemically, and immunohistologically, using antibodies against the five known types of intermediate filaments [keratin, vimentin, desmin, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and neurofilaments]. The tumour cells did not react with antibodies against any of the five intermediate filament proteins. Ultrastructural investigations showed dense cored secretory granules in the cytoplasm and cell processes. Thus, immunohistology offers by "exclusion" a differential diagnosis to avoid often misdiagnosed tumours (undifferentiated carcinomas, embryonal rhabdomyosarcomas, and malignant lymphomas), since carcinomas react with antikeratin, embryonal rhabdomyosarcomas with antibodies to desmin and malignant lymphomas show immunofluorescence with antibodies to vimentin. The biological behaviour (age distribution, tendency to metastasize), the normal values of biochemical parameters, homovanillic acid and vanilmandelic acid (HVA, VMA), and the absence of neurofilaments distinguish this type of tumour from the peripheral sympathetic neuroblastoma.
Cytoplasmic Granules↗
[Differential diagnosis of tumors of the head and neck using immunohistologic and electron optic studies].
With indirect immunofluorescence microscopy it is possible to visualize intermediate-sized filaments which show a cell-specific distribution and in this manner establish a light-microscopical diagnosis in certain cases which are difficult or impossible to differentiate using conventional methods. We applied the same method to tumours of the head and neck region. Intermediate-sized filaments were studied in four malignant lymphomas, seven carcinomas and four metastases of carcinomas. Malignant lymphomas showed a positive reaction with antibodies to vimentin, carcinomas a positive reaction with antibodies to keratin. Using a monoclonal antibody against a single keratin polypeptide (cytokeratin 18) a further subdivision of the carcinomas was possible. The keratinizing squamous cell carcinoma and two non-keratinizing squamous cell carcinomas showed a positive reaction with the conventional antibody against keratin, but a negative reaction with the monoclonal antibody against cytokeratin 18. One adenocarcinoma, two anaplastic carcinomas and one lymphoepithelial carcinoma were positive with the conventional antibody against keratin and with the monoclonal antibody against cytokeratin 18. Thus lymphoepithelial carcinomas and anaplastic carcinomas should probably not be regarded as special variants of squamous cell carcinoma. In all metastases the same intermediate-sized filaments were demonstrable as in the primary tumour. Certain advantages of immunofluorescence microscopy when compared to diagnostic electron microscopy are discussed.
Adenocarcinoma↗
[Sweating-related tears--a new syndrome?].
Two years after operative correction of a middle third fracture of the face, a patient suffered unilateral tearing and homolateral rhinorrhea as soon as he started sweating. This is explained by abnormal regeneration of autonomic nerve fibres. The possible anatomic pathways are discussed and compared with similar syndromes in the literature.
Adult↗
Influence of argon laser stapedotomy on inner ear function and temperature.
The influence of argon laser stapedotomy on inner ear function was investigated in guinea pigs. The cochlear microphonics (CM) and the compound action potential (CAP) served as parameters for the functional status of the cochlear. Transitory depression of both potentials was found during and after laser stapedotomy. The time course of CM and CAP depression and recovery is compared to endocochlear temperature changes. Possible implications for clinical use are discussed.
Action Potentials↗
[The relevance of the chorda tympani to parotid gland function].
In 29 patients with unilateral lesions of the chorda tympani, the parotid reflex secretions of both sides were simultaneously collected and analyzed. The median value of the flow rate (ml/15 min) of the homolateral parotid gland was reduced to nearly one-half, as compared with the unaltered contralateral side. Concentrations of amylase and protein were not significantly different. Those secretory fibres which join the facial nerve in its intratemporal course seem to reach the parotid gland mainly via the chorda tympani and, to a lesser extent, via the facial nerve directly.
Amylases↗
Influence of argon laser stapedotomy on cochlear potentials. I: Alteration of cochlear microphonics (CM).
In guinea pigs the cochlea microphonics (CM) were recorded during and after argon laser stapedotomy. Short termed drastic depression of CM was observed. This effect involved the entire frequency range of the cochlea. The recovery was mostly complete and often started already during laser irradiation or at the end of the laser exposure. A marked sensitivity loss of the cochlea only occurred with large stapedotomy holes followed by massive perilymph leakage. A momentary heat related instability of the entire stapes is suggested to cause the CM depression. In addition we observed a thermoacoustic effect on the CM. This laser evoked response seems to cause no harm to the cochlea.
Animals↗
[Light- and electronmicroscopical findings of CO2-laser induced alterations of blood- and lymph-vessels. A contribution to the problem of intraoperative tumor cell propagation (author's transl)].
The CO2-laser induced vessel alterations of the colon transversum of rats are analyzed with the light- and electron-microscope. In the superficial carbonization zone the vessels are irreversibly closed up to an diameter of about 250 mu. In the following "necrobiotic zone" we see a partial homogenisation of the walls of the vessels, which are in a whole contracted. The endothelial cells are either ruptured or at least swollen. Only occasionally we found obliteration of the vessels by intravasal thrombosis. On the contrary to the lased animals show those being operated on by conventional methods massive bleeding into the operating-field and into the submucous layer of the colon. The immediate sealing of the vessels in the "carbonization zone" impedes the initial step of forming metastases, i.e. the intravascular tumor cell propagation. The meaning of intravascular tumor cells in respect of following metastases is discussed.
Animals↗
[The parotid gland as target organ of regional and distant metastases (authors' transl)].
The lymph nodes of the parotid gland get their tributary lymph vessels from the skin of the face, the scalp and the anterior face of the concha. Therefore malignant skin tumours--the majority of them are melanomas and squamous cell carcinomas--may lead to parotid metastases. In comparison to these regional metastases, parotid metastases of distant tumors are extremely rare. The paper describes for the first time a parotid metastases of an uterus sarcoma.
Aged↗
[The facial nerve as a carrier of secretory fibres for the parotid gland (author's transl)].
In patients with unilateral facial nerve paresis the parotid reflex secretions of both sides were measured and chemically analyzed to investigate whether an alteration of composition and volume of parotid secretion could be demonstrated in facial nerve paresis, i.e., whether a functional influence of the facial nerve on the parotid gland could be recognized. Flow rate as well as protein and alpha-amylase concentrations were determined in the parotid secretions. A highly significant decrease of flow rates (ml/min) was observed on the paretic side whereas no differences could be found in the concentrations of protein and amylase. These results can be explained by assuming intratemporal anastomoses between the facial and glossopharyngeal nerves. An additional analysis by topodiagnostic criteria makes it likely that this anastomosing takes place only distal to the geniculate ganglion.
Adolescent↗
[Cryosurgery and laser surgery as a therapy of malignant and benign laryngeal processes (author's transl)].
Cryosurgery of the larynx is still in a state of development. In the treatment of laryngeal papillomas cryosurgery has been quite successful. The use of cryosurgery in laryngo-hypopharyngeal carcinoma and in laryngeal stenosis is so far restricted to special indications (old age, risk patients). A combination of cryosurgery with telecobalt irradiation has proved valuable in the managemenmt of tumors. After the basic physics of laser radiation are explained, the principle mechanisms of interaction between the CO2-laser and human tissue are mentioned. This is followed by the description of the different indications for laser surgery in the larynx. A chordectomy and the opening of a subglottic stenosis with the laser beam are described and documented with photographs. Finally there is an outlook to an eventually broader spectrum of indications for laser surgery in the ENT-field.
Carbon Dioxide↗
Cryosurgery and laser surgery in the treatment of malignant and benign laryngeal processes.
Cryosurgery of the larynx is still in the stage of development. In the treatment of laryngeal papillomas cryosurgery has been quite successful. The use of cryosurgery in laryngo-hypopharyngeal carcinoma and in laryngeal stenosis is still restricted to special indications (old age, risk patients). A combination of cryosurgery and telecobalt irradiation has proven valuable in the management of tumors. After the basic physics of laser radiation are explained, the principle mechanisms of interaction between the CO2 laser on human tissue are mentioned. This is followed by the description of the different indications for laser surgery in the larynx. A chordectomy and the opening of a subglottic stenosis with the laser beam are described and documented with photographs. Finally, there is an outlook to an eventually broader spectrum of indications for laser surgery in the field of ent.
Adult↗
[Chordoma - a review and report of two cases (author's transl)].
Chordomas can be categorized into those of clival, cervical and sacrococcygeal origin. The clival chordomas are primarily discussed in this report. In defining pathological anatomy or histology, a differentiation of benign from malignant chordomas by histological means alone is impossible. A preoperative diagnosis is only possible if tumor grows into the nasopharynx and allows a tissue biopsy to be taken. These tumors are clinically malignant though strict anatomic criteria for malignancy such as nuclear polymorphia or atypia, mitoses and metastases are rarely observed. The therapeutic results of operation and radiation are compared. Each alone fails because of the high recurrence rate of the tumor so that their combination is preferred. Although the prognosis of this disease is poor, one of our patients who was treated with radiation and surgery had a survival time of 14 years.
Adolescent↗
The etiology of neurosensory hearing defects in preterm infants.
We retrospectively investigated the influence of gestational age, perinatal risk, and the duration of incubator care periods in 193 surviving preterm infants with a gestational age between 28 and 36 weeks raised in our intensive care nursery incubators from 1965--1967. 24 (12.4%) of the children showed definite neurosensory hearing defects, which were particularly encountered in the high frequencies. No correlation could be substantiated between hearing difficulties and hyperbilirubinemia, streptomycin application and gestational age. This study does not support the assumption that the duration of noise exposure in currently used incubators is a major determinant for the development of deafness in otherwise healthy preterm infants. Our study did show, however, a strong correlation between the sum of all perinatal risk factors and neurosensory hearing loss.
Audiometry↗