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Biomedical subjects

M Valli

Publications and source records attributed to M Valli.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1977

[Toxico-pharmacological study of lyophilized sodium nitroprusside (SNP)].

Sodium nitroprusside (SNP) shows a strong hypotensive activity not only in normotensive animals but also in the presence of experimentally induced arterial hypertension. Its use in intravenous perfusion produces the rapid induction of arterial hypotension lasting or only slightly exceeding the time of its administration. Most investigators consider this hypotensive activity related to the fall in peripheral resistance, as is supported by the considerable fall in diastolic blood pressure. However, an effect of SNP on heart function cannot be ruled out. After four weeks' treatment at dosages corresponding to one tenth of the LD 50, no local or general toxicity could be demonstrated.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

[Toxico-pharmacologic study of a curarimimetic, AH 8165, in relation to storage time].

The toxicological and pharmacological study of a non depolarizing curariform drug AH 8165 was performed under various conditions of storage, duration and temperature (duration: 1 month 2 years; temperature: 4 degrees C to 70 degrees C). It shows that this drug ought to be kept a low temperature for storage (in the range of + 4 degrees C). In the sam way, this study demonstrates a better stability of this drug when stored lyophilized form instead of a solute. The interest of standardized animal experimentation in studying the activity of a therapeutic substance depending on the duration of storage is shown.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

[Cardiovascular effect of various morphine-line analgesics in rabbits anesthetized with thiopental or alphadione (Alfatesine)].

Alphadione (Alfatésine, Althesin, CT 1341), a steroid anaesthetic with a quick and short action, has but a very moderate analgesic activity, so it is necessary in human anaesthesian, to associate with it a morphinic analgesis systematically. Therefore it was interesting to study the response of cardiovascular system when using this type of association. Our results show that the cardiovascular depressive effects of morphinic analgesics, when they exist, are not increased by the presence of alphadione.

Alfaxalone Alfadolone Mixture↗
PubMed1975

[Variations in the activity of various curarizing substances as a function of the time of administration].

This experiment was carried out upon the male-adulte-AF SPF-Wister Rat, anesthetized by the use of pentobarbital-Na at the only dosage of 40 mg/kg/IP and put under artificial ventilation. The animals were divided into two groups: Group I, "diurnal animals" curarized between 10 a.m and 4 p.m; Group 2, "nocturnal animals" curarized between 9 and 12 p.m. Four drugs of the curarimimetic (pachycurare, non-depolarizing) type: gallamine, D-tubocurarine, pancuronium and AH-8165 were studied at doses presenting the same activity. The total curarizing effect measured by the surface defined by the curve of curarization within ten mns was constantly and significantly lowered in "nocturnal animals": a 25 p. 100 diminution with gallamine, 20 p. 100 diminution with D-tubocurarine, 27 p. 100 diminution with pancuronium, 19 p. 100 diminution with AH-8165. The hypothesis is that this diminution in the action of curarizing substances may be, to a great extent, in keeping with the rise of their metabolism -- the hepatic enzymatic activity being, in the rat, a nocturnal animal, definitely increased during the night.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Distribution of sodium valproate and GABA metabolism in CNS of the rat.

The distribution of VPA has been investigated in several brain areas of the rat, and GABA increases were measured. A biphasic exponential decay was observed for VPA; the slowest decrease was noted in the olfactory bulbs and in the hypothalamus where GAD and GABA-T activities were the highest. The data may be correlated with the prolonged effect of VPA in these areas.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Effect of the hour of administration on the pharmacokinetics of lidocaine in the rat.

The aim of the present study was to investigate an eventual influence of the hour of administration on lidocaine kinetics in the rat. 280 Wistar AF-SPF adult male rats were used for this study and maintained under controlled environmental conditions (LD: 06.00-18.00) during the month of October. A single 50 mg X kg-1 dose of lidocaine was given by intramuscular route, at four different fixed time points of a 24 hour period (i.e.: 10.00, 16.00, 22.00 and 04.00) to 70 rats. Blood samples were taken at the following time points: 5, 15, 30 min., 1, 2, 4 and 6 hours after the drug administration. Lidocaine plasma levels (free and bound) were determinated according to a specific gas chromatographic method. The data showed circadian variations of pharmacokinetic parameters:--Elimination half-life: max. 2.12 +/- 0.05 h at 10.00, min. 1.50 +/- 0.03 h at 16. --Initial concentration: max. 5.05 +/- 0.65 micrograms X ml-1 at 16.00; min. 2.97 +/- 0.29 micrograms X ml-1 at 04.00.--Elimination constant rate: max. 0.4618 +/- 0.0094 h-1 at 16.00, min 0.3279 +/- 0.0079 h-1 at 10.00.--Area under curve (experimental): max. 11.11 +/- 1.07 micrograms X kg-1 X h-1 at 16.00, min. 7.45 +/- 0.84 micrograms X kg-1 X h-1 at 04.00.--Apparent volume of distribution: max. 16.67 +/- 1,67 L X kg-1 at 04.00, min. 9.75 +/- 1.04 L X kg-1 at 16.00. The lidocaine-free fraction varied with time and the protein binding of lidocaine showed a circadian variation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Absorption↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Effects of sodium valproate on diazepam: kinetic profiles in plasma, erythrocytes, and different brain areas in the rat.

The kinetic profiles of diazepam (DZP) were investigated in plasma, erythrocytes, and discrete brain areas in the rat, and the effects of valproic acid (VPA), given as sodium valproate, on kinetic parameters were analyzed. The experiments were performed on two groups of rats treated daily for 15 days, the first receiving only DZP (5 mg/kg/day i.m.), the second treated with DZP (5 mg/kg/day i.m.) and VPA (200 mg/kg/day i.p.). Our results indicate that VPA influences the plasma-protein binding and erythrocyte levels of DZP, as well as its kinetic profile. These data are discussed with regard to the modifications observed in the different brain areas (cerebellum, hippocampus, whole cortex, and pons-medulla) during administration of VPA and DZP. The results presented in this study offer evidence that VPA exerts a peculiar action on the "impregnation" and kinetics of DZP in the CNS, and therefore these findings may be of importance in clinical pharmacology and treatment of epilepsies.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Accidental ingestions of paracetamol in the form of EFFERALGAN pediatric syrup: experience of the Marseille Anti-poison Center during 1998].

In 1998, 77 cases of accidental ingestion of paracetamol paediatric syrup (Efferalgan) in children were notified to the Marseille Poison Centre. In a quarter of them, the alleged dose taken was greater than the toxic dose. Ingestion was mainly due to the child opening the bottle. The proximate marketing of a product with a child-proof top, which should allow the number of accidents to be reduced. Doctors and pharmacists should be informed rapidly, so that they can warn the families who still have the old type of bottle.

Accident Prevention↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Accidental narcotic and buprenorphine poisoning in children notified at the Marseille Poison Center between 1993 and 1999].

To evaluate the frequency and severity of accidental poisoning in children by narcotics or buprenorphine, a retrospective study was carried out: 75 cases were collected by the Marseille Poison Centre between 1993 and 1999. Most of the patients were between 1 and 3 years old and the drugs involved were cannabis and, more recently, Subutex (buprenorphine). These two drugs were responsible for the most severe cases of poisoning, most of which occurred at home.

Buprenorphine↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Accidental ingestion of paracetamol in the for of the pediatric syrup EFFERALGAN: case studies during the six months following the institution of the child-proof top].

During the 6 months following the child-proof top commercialisation for the paediatric syrup EFFERALGAN in France, 51 cases of accidental ingestion were collected by the Marseilles Poison Centre. For 21 pour cent of them, the alleged dose taken was greater than the toxic dose. For 2 cases only, the responsible bottle had a child-proof top and was open on the table. For all other cases, it was simple-opening bottles (old bottles still present in houses, or bottles without a special top but sold in order to get rid of stocks). This study proves that such a preventive measure (modification of the top of the syrup bottles) is only fully effective if additional measures are undertaken such as return of unsold stocks or the provision of information to pharmacists and physicians.

Accidents↗