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Biomedical subjects

M V Shah

Publications and source records attributed to M V Shah.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

Neuronal effects of experimentally induced hydrocephalus in newborn rats.

To determine the effects of increased cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) pressure on neuronal morphology, obstructive hydrocephalus was induced by injecting kaolin into the fourth ventricle and cisterna magna of 1-day-old rats. The animals were sacrificed 10 to 12 days later, at which time severe ventriculomegaly and cortical thinning were apparent in the parieto-occipital region. Tissue from this area was processed by rapid Golgi methods. Well impregnated pyramidal neurons were examined by light microscopy, and their somatic and dendritic features compared to those of age-matched littermate controls. The somata of medium pyramidal neurons were unaffected, but their basilar dendrites had fewer branches and those that remained were shorter. A variable reduction in dendritic spines occurred, such that some branches were totally denuded while others exhibited spine densities similar to those seen in control animals. The most striking alteration was the occurrence of frequent dendritic varicosities. These enlargements of the dendritic shaft separated by extremely thin constrictions gave the affected segment a beaded appearance. Both dendritic spine loss and varicosity formation were most notable on distal portions of individual branches and within regions of the dendritic tree closest to the ventricular and meningeal surfaces. These alterations are consistent with other reports of dendritic changes associated with aging, mental retardation, and alcohol exposure. These observations suggest that hydrocephalus causes dendritic deterioration or retardation of dendritic maturation. The fact that neuronal morphology was not more severely affected may indicate that these effects are reversible.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Aetiology of acute sporadic hepatitis in adults in Kenya.

Markers for acute hepatitis A virus (HAV), hepatitis B virus (HBV), and hepatitis non-A, non-B (HNANB) infections were examined in the sera of 94 patients presenting with acute hepatitis in Kenya. Hepatitis B virus was responsible for 70% of cases, HNANB for 18%, and HAV for only 12%. The use of an IgM anti-HBc assay increased the rate of diagnosis of acute HBV infection, thereby reducing the proportion of cases designated as NANB.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1984

Sore throat after intubation of the trachea.

Eighty female patients were allocated randomly to groups, divided in three ways, to investigate the effects of using cuffed p.v.c. v. red rubber tracheal tubes, intermittent adjustment of the cuff volume, and humidification of inspired gases on the incidence and severity of sore throat after tracheal intubation. In addition, the influence of the anaesthetist's participation in the trial was studied by assessing sore throat in a further 60 female patients where the anaesthetists were unaware of the trial. There were no significant differences between any of the groups despite using three sensitive methods of assessment. In terms of the simple discrimination between "sore throat" and "no sore throat" the 95% confidence limits of the differences of incidence were generally +/- 15-20%. If there are any real differences produced by these changes, and if any of them were as large as 15% then, to show with 95% confidence that any difference is at least 10%, would require a trial involving about 1400 patients. Retrospective analysis of the results showed no difference between patients who received suxamethonium and those who did not.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

The effect of written advice on preoperative cigarette consumption.

Two groups, each of 100 smokers, were compared in terms of reduction in cigarette consumption in the 5 days prior to elective surgery. One group was admitted to hospital in the routine way and information on preoperative cigarette consumption obtained by questioning each patient after recovery from anaesthesia. In the second group, a letter strongly advising the patient to stop smoking for 5 days preoperatively was enclosed with the admission letter. A proforma to record the daily cigarette consumption was also enclosed. By the day before surgery the mean cigarette consumption had fallen to 52% in Group I and 16% in Group II and 14 and 46 patients respectively had then stopped smoking completely. The differences were highly significant (P less than 0.001).

Adult↗