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Biomedical subjects

M V Kulkarni

Publications and source records attributed to M V Kulkarni.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

Magnetic resonance imaging in the diagnosis of the cranio-cervical manifestations of the mucopolysaccharidoses.

Sixteen magnetic resonance (MR) studies were performed in eight patients with mucopolysaccharidosis (MPS). In patients with Hunter, Hurler, and Scheie syndromes, multiple areas of increased signal intensity were noted in the periventricular white matter. Computerized tomography (CT) frequently failed to demonstrate these white matter lesions. Other findings included spinal cord compression, hydrocephalus and airway obstruction due to soft tissue thickening around pharynx. In patients with Morquio syndrome, cervical spine dislocation, spinal cord compression and hydrocephalus were diagnosed by MR. MR was superior compared to CT, plain films and plain tomography, as the narrowing caused by bone and soft tissue changes were better seen with MR. Our experience suggests that MR should be the primary imaging modality for the detection of cranial abnormalities in patients with MPS. High resolution surface coil imaging may be preferable to invasive procedures such as myelography and CT with intrathecal contrast agents for the evaluation of cervical spine disease.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Techniques of non-orthogonal magnetic resonance imaging and its clinical application.

A technique to obtain non-orthogonal magnetic resonance (MR) images in the body has been developed using a simple three-dimensional model (3-DM). Images were obtained with multiple non-orthogonal planes, without subjecting patients to uncomfortable oblique positions. Eighty-two patients were studied using non-orthogonal planes. Euler angle determinations (EAD) were developed for different anatomical locations as well as for multiple clinical situations. One or all three Euler angles were changed using the EAD to define any plane of orientation relative to reference orthogonal frame. In a series of 12 patients for postoperative evaluation of Mustard and Senning procedure, the demonstration of anastomotic site was superior with angled coronal planes when compared to the routine coronal views in 83% of the studies. With the use of EAD, acquisition time for non-orthogonal planes can be reduced. 3-DM aids in the understanding of the Euler angles and leads to multiple non-orthogonal planes.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1987

Quantitative evaluation of postembolized splenic tissue using technetium-99m sulfur colloid.

Tc-99m sulfur colloid scans were used to quantitate the percent of residual splenic tissue after partial splenic embolization (PSE) performed for the treatment of hypersplenism in 17 renal transplant patients. A liver-spleen phantom was designed which simulated the human liver and spleen configuration to evaluate the technique. This phantom contained a solution of tc-99m sulfur colloid, which allowed precise quantities of the spleen phantom volume to be displaced using lucite pseudo-emboli. After each lucite embolus, computer images of the spleen phantom were collected and analyzed in the same manner used for the transplant patients. Correlation of the actual volume displaced or embolized with the computer estimated values was 0.996 (P less than 0.001). This technique was superior to both CT and MRI, which were more difficult to perform and less precise in measuring a decrease in postinfarction functioning splenic tissue.

Embolization, Therapeutic↗
PubMed1987

Acute spinal cord injury: MR imaging at 1.5 T.

Thirty-seven magnetic resonance (MR) imaging studies were performed with a 1.5-T magnet and surface coils in 27 patients with suspected spinal cord injuries. Imaging was performed 1 day to 6 weeks after injury. Cord abnormalities were seen with MR in 19 patients, while skeletal and/or ligamentous injuries were seen in 21 (78%). Three types of MR signal patterns were seen in association with cord injuries. Acute intraspinal hemorrhage was seen in five patients with cord injuries and demonstrated decreased signal intensity on T2-weighted images obtained within 24 hours of injury. Cord edema and contusion had high signal intensity on T2-weighted images and were observed in 12 cases with cord injury. Neurologic recovery, determined in 16 patients, was insignificant in patients with intraspinal hemorrhage; however, patients with cord edema or contusion recovered significant neurologic function. MR at 1.5 T is extremely useful in the diagnosis of acute cord injury and also demonstrates potential in predicting neurologic recovery.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1987

Adrenoleukodystrophy: imaging with CT, MRI, and PET.

A patient with adrenoleukodystrophy (ALD) was tested with a series of CT scans, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and positron emission tomographic (PET) images. The computed tomographic (CT) scan revealed the classical pattern described in ALD but showed little relation to the clinical presentation and the evolution of the disease. The MRI showed a larger area of abnormality than the one detected with the CT scan and was more sensitive to progression of the disease process. The PET scan done for cerebral blood flow and glucose metabolism showed derangements on gray matter that were not detected with either of the previous tests.

Adrenoleukodystrophy↗
PubMed1987

Potential pitfalls of magnetic resonance imaging in the diagnosis of avascular necrosis.

Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging and radionuclide (RN) bone scans were performed in two patients with collagen vascular disease (CVD) to evaluate hip pains. In both patients RN bone scans demonstrated decreased radioactivity in the femoral heads, whereas, MR imaging was normal. Because early changes of avascular necrosis (AVN) frequently present as decreased radioactivity in the femoral head, special attempts were made to detect this decreased activity using pinhole collimator imaging. The diagnosis of AVN was confirmed surgically by venous pressure measurements. Abnormal RN bone scans representing decreased flow due to vasculitis in patients with CVD, may be more sensitive in the diagnosis of AVN before structural changes can be detected on MR studies.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Magnetic resonance imaging of the breast: functional T1 and three-dimensional imaging.

Thirty-two patients with breast abnormalities and 10 normal volunteers were examined with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) utilizing a 0.5-Tesla superconducting magnet imaging system. Sagittal, coronal, and transverse breast imaging with the 50-cm body coil and with a specialized 16 X 8 cm breast coil allowed the evaluation of a single breast. Soft-tissue contrast was clearly apparent using proton density-weighted, T1 weighted, calculated T1 images. In addition, the feasibility and potential clinical utility of three-dimensional color imaging was evaluated using computer-based interactive algorithms for edge detection of the breast and for abnormal structures within the breast. MR scan data were correlated with conventional xeromammography, ultrasound, clinical, data, and pathological specimens. In vivo and in vitro breast imaging was evaluated in a feasibility study. It was concluded that MR imaging is a most sensitive modality for the identification of breast lesions, especially when the adjacent normal tissue is primarily fat. There does appear to be significant overlap in soft-tissue contrast when the adjacent breast parenchymal tissue is fibrocystic in nature. The T1 parameter may be a relatively specific measure for identifying a malignant breast mass.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Technical considerations for the use of surface coils in MRI.

The signal-to-noise response characteristics for two surface coils of different construction geometries (a single-turn planar coil and a single-turn saddle-shaped coil) were measured and compared with head and body coils. Measurements were made at different gradient magnifications (0, 20, 30, and 40%, relative to the head coil) and with different numbers of signal averages (3, 8, 12, and 18). The signal-to-noise curves were used to guide the selection of surface coils for use in clinical studies. This technique is useful in determining the optimal technique for specific clinical problems evaluated by surface-coil imaging. For the planar (flat) surface coils, the signal-to-noise per pixel was found to be superior to the conventional head coil at depths equal to or less than 5 cm. For the saddle coil, signal-to-noise per pixel was superior to the head coil for depths below 8.5 cm for magnifications up to 30%. For the 40% magnification, the depth at which the signal-to-noise was equal to the head coil decreased to about 6 cm. Surface coils have demonstrated a marked improvement in signal-to-noise relative to conventional head and body coils for superficial structures.

Facial Nerve↗
PubMed1985

Imaging of the ischiorectal fossa.

A retrospective evaluation of 500 routine abdominal computed tomography scans revealed 21 cases of ischiorectal fossa disease in 16 patients. Pathologic processes included involvement by primary and secondary neoplasms, usually of gynecologic origin; rectal prolapse; and abscess. These abnormalities can be missed if the ischiorectal fossae are not included in routine abdominal scans. The anatomy of the ischiorectal fossae and their relationship to other pelvic organs are well demonstrated with high-resolution computed tomography scans as well as by magnetic resonance imaging.

Abdomen↗
PubMed1985

Magnetic resonance imaging in pediatrics.

Magnetic resonance imaging has potentially broad applications in pediatric practice. Although further studies are needed to determine its exact role in comparison with the other imaging modalities, magnetic resonance has shown increased sensitivity in lesion detection in many disease processes. Since MR does not use ionizing radiation and does not require intravenous contrast to identify vascular structures, it becomes an ever more attractive imaging tool for pediatric diagnosis. Thus, the early results of MR imaging have shown promise and the future of MR appears exciting.

Abdominal Neoplasms↗
PubMed1985

A study of the septum pellucidum and corpus callosum in schizophrenia with MR imaging.

Surface areas of the septum pellucidum, corpus callosum and the brain were measured from mid-saggital slices obtained with magnetic resonance imaging in 18 patients with schizophrenia and an equal number of normal volunteers. The patients showed larger septa and septo-brain ratios. These indices correlated with age in both patients and controls. In the patients, septal area also correlated with duration of illness. Changes in the septum pellucidum were unrelated to the intensity of positive and negative symptoms of schizophrenia. The patients had significantly longer corpora callosa, but the two groups did not differ on its size or the ratio between the latter and the mid-saggital slice area. Dimensions of the corpus callosum did not correlate with age, duration of the illness or positive and negative symptoms of schizophrenia. The anteroposterior elongation of the structure seemed to accompany enlargement of the septum pellucidum.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Clinical magnetic resonance imaging with nuclear medicine correlation.

The current role of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in different organ systems is discussed and compared to nuclear medicine and to other available clinical diagnostic modalities. The value of optimizing radiofrequency pulse sequence selection to provide additional tissue characterization is also described. The results of nuclear medicine and MRI studies in 56 patients are compared to evaluate the clinical diagnostic contribution of each imaging modality for various pathological processes. In addition, the state-of-the-art MRI systems and future development in MRI technology with its potential contribution is defined.

Abdomen↗
PubMed1984

Giant fibrovascular polyp of the esophagus.

Fibrovascular polyp (FVP) of the esophagus is a benign intraluminal tumor that consists primarily of loose connective tissue with numerous vessels and can attain vast dimensions. Symptoms are commonly dysphagia, vomiting, and weight loss. Small polyps can be removed endoscopically, but larger masses should be excised surgically because of the potential for hemorrhage. This case report illustrates the characteristic features of this unusual disease.

Esophageal Neoplasms↗
PubMed1984

Evaluation of renal masses by MR imaging.

Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging was performed in 20 subjects, 10 of whom had benign or malignant renal masses, and 10 were normal volunteers. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the ability of MR to provide significant diagnostic information in the management of renal mass lesions. Ten normal patients were included to supply baseline data. Different pulse sequences were used and their contribution to the diagnosis was evaluated. The emphasis has been placed on evaluating MR against the pathological diagnosis rather than other imaging modalities.

Adenocarcinoma↗