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Biomedical subjects

M Uusitupa

Publications and source records attributed to M Uusitupa.

At least 217 records · Page 12Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

The pharmacokinetics of metformin: a comparison of the properties of a rapid-release and a sustained-release preparation.

The pharmacokinetic differences between a rapid-release metformin preparation of 500 mg (RRM) and a sustained-release metformin preparation of 500 mg (SRM), whose gastrointestinal side effects may be less, were compared after a single dose and after continuous 5-day use during a steady-state phase. In the single-dose trial the mean peak serum level of 1.00 micrograms/ml from RRM and 0.61 micrograms/ml from SRM were reached at 3 h, and at 3 and 4 h, respectively, after ingestion of the drugs. Serum metformin levels from RRM were consistently higher up to 8 h, and the AUC0-8h value for RRM was from 4.25 and 2.49 for SRM (p less than 0.001). Over a 24-h period 40% of the given dose was recovered in urine from RRM. The value for SRM was 25%. The elimination half-life was 2.0 h for RRM and 2.6 h for SRM. During the steady-state trial the mean basal serum metformin concentration was higher after SRM (0.33 micrograms/ml) than after RRM (0.20 micrograms/ml), although the mean peak serum metformin level remained lower after SRM. On the 5th day the AUC0-8h values obtained after RRM and SRM were comparable (6.88 vs 6.59; N.S.).

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Metabolic and hormonal response to physical exercise during beta 1-selective and non-selective beta-blockade.

The effects of a beta 1-selective (metoprolol, 150 mg per day) and a non-selective beta-blocking agent (propranolol, 120 mg per day) on metabolic and hormonal responses to physical exercise (a 30 min bicycle ergometer test) were investigated against placebo in seven healthy male volunteers with a double blind cross-over design. The blood glucose level remained unchanged during placebo, it tended to increase during metoprolol, whereas it decreased during propranolol. Both metoprolol and propranolol counteracted the exercise-induced increase in plasma free fatty acids and caused a slight decrease in muscle glycogenolysis. The increase in blood lactate concentration during exercise was not influenced by beta-blockade. The secretion of glucagon and cortisol was not modified significantly by beta-blockade, whereas the growth hormone response to exercise was promoted equally by both beta-blocking agents. It has been assumed previously that, during treatment with beta-blocking agents, diminished hepatic gluconeogenesis, caused by the lack of lactate or free fatty acids, may result in a decline in blood glucose levels. The present results indicate that an inhibition of beta 2-mediated hepatic glycogenolysis by propranolol may also influence blood glucose homeostasis during exercise.

Adrenergic beta-Antagonists↗
PubMed1982

Non-invasive evaluation of anthracycline-induced cardiotoxicity in man.

Measurements of radionuclide first-pass left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEFrn) were carried out in 37 patients receiving doxorubicin and/or daunorubicin treatment for their malignant disease. The validity of the systolic time intervals (STI) and echocardiography (ECHO) in the detection of left ventricular dysfunction was evaluated using LVEFrn as reference method. LVEFrn showed a significant decrease in left ventricular function with cumulative anthracycline doses inpatients with and without previous clinical evidence of cardiovascular disease. A multiple regression analysis showed that the impairment in LVEFrn was significantly correlated with the cumulative anthracycline dose, patient's age and previous cardiovascular disease. In five patients (one without previous cardiac disease, one with coronary artery disease, three with hypertension) the drug had to be withdrawn due to signs or symptoms of cardiac dysfunction. The sensitivity and the specificity of STI and ECHO in the detection of left ventricular dysfunction remained rather low as compared with the results by LVEFrn.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Modification of the metabolic and hormonal response to physical exercise by beta-blocking agents.

Beta-blockade is known to induce muscle fatigue and tendency to hypoglycaemia during prolonged exercise. In addition, beta-blocking agents influence the secretion of many hormones, which regulate glucose. We have investigated the effects of a beta 1-selective (metoprolol) and a non-selective (propranolol) beta-blocking agent on muscle glycogenolysis, blood glucose and lactate levels, plasma levels of free fatty acids and on secretion of insulin, growth hormone, glucagon and cortisol during physical exercise in a double blind cross-over study in seven healthy male volunteers. They participated in three bicycle ergometer tests each lasting for 30 minutes under treatment of placebo (C), metoprolol (M) or propranolol (P). A biopsy was obtained from the vastus lateralis muscle before and immediately after the exercise for muscle glycogen assay. The glycogen concentration after exercise tended to be lower in C than in M or P experiment. The blood glucose level decreased during P and at 30 min there was a significant difference between P and C. The blood lactate was significantly lower before exercise during P than C or M. The increase of blood lactate during exercise, however, was not inhibited by P. Both beta-blocking agents counteracted the increase of FFA during exercise. There was a marked increase of growth hormone secretion during beta-blockade. The secretion of glucagon and cortisol were slightly increased by P and M, but the plasma insulin level was not affected by beta-blockade.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Improved diabetic control and hypocholesterolaemic effect induced by long-term dietary supplementation with guar gum in type 2 (insulin-independent) diabetes.

The effects of dietary supplementation with granulated guar gum (21 g/day in three divided doses at the main meals), were compared with placebo response during three months in a double-blind, cross-over trial in 11 Type 2 (insulin-independent) diabetes. The nine patients who complete the study (two dropped out because of side-effects) showed a significant reduction in both basal and post-prandial hyperglycaemia as well as of urinary excretion of glucose during guar gum supplementation. No change in mean bodyweight was observed during the study. Mean fasting and post-prandial plasma insulin levels were similar during both study periods, but the two subjects who received no oral hypoglycaemic agents had lower insulin levels during the guar gum period. Mean serum total- and LDL-cholesterol concentrations were significantly lower during the guar gum period, whereas the HDL-cholesterol level remained unchanged. Long-term administration of guar gum induced a sustained improvement in diabetic control in Type 2 diabetes.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Severe hypoglycaemia caused by physical strain and pindolol therapy. A case report.

A 35-year-old man who was on treatment for mild arterial hypertension with the beta-blocking agent pindolol and who was accustomed to regular physical exercise, developed severe hypoglycaemia and bradycardia during a routine skiing tour. He recovered from the attack, and subsequent studies revealed no abnormalities of glucose metabolism. Apparently the hypoglycaemic attack was due to the combined effects of prolonged physical exercise of moderate degree and beta-blockade on glucose metabolism.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Effect of metabolic control on autonomic function in obese patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes.

To evaluate the effect of diet therapy and physical exercise on autonomic nervous function in newly diagnosed Type 2 diabetes, we followed 83 middle-aged obese patients (48 men, 35 women) for a 15-month period. After a 3-month basic education programme the patients were randomized to one of two groups for comparison of standard treatment given by community health centres (conventionally treated group) and intensive dietary and exercise education (intervention group). Autonomic function was assessed by heart rate variability during deep breathing (expiration/inspiration ratio, E/I), and by systolic blood pressure response to standing up. The intensively treated women (n = 18) had the best blood glucose throughout the study, and this was the only group to show an improvement in E/I ratio (1.19 +/- 0.03 vs 1.30 +/- 0.05, mean +/- SEM, p < 0.05). None of the groups showed any significant change in systolic blood pressure response to standing up. For further analyses, the original groups were combined and thereafter divided into those with declining fasting blood glucose during the intervention phase (n = 39) and into those with no change or increase in blood glucose level (n = 44). The group with improving blood glucose level showed an increase in E/I ratio (1.22 +/- 0.02 vs 1.28 +/- 0.03, p < 0.01) while in the other group E/I ratio remained unchanged (1.21 +/- 0.02 vs 1.20 +/- 0.02). The difference in E/I ratio between these two groups was significant at 15 months (p < 0.05).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Autonomic Nervous System↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Proteinuria in newly diagnosed type II diabetic patients.

Urinary excretion of albumin, IgG, and beta 2-microglobulin was examined in 132 (69 men, 63 women) newly diagnosed, middle-aged type II diabetic patients and in 144 (62 men, 82 women) nondiabetic control subjects. Both male (N = 57) and female (N = 29) diabetic patients with normal urinary sediment showed an increased excretion of albumin compared with the respective nondiabetic subjects, and male diabetic patients also had an increased IgG excretion. No consistent difference was found in urinary beta 2-microglobulin concentration between the diabetic and nondiabetic subjects. In all, 19.5% of the diabetic subjects with normal urinary sediment (12 men, 5 women) showed urinary albumin concentration exceeding the highest value (35 mg/24 h) found in nondiabetic subjects without renal disease. The urinary excretion of albumin in the diabetic subjects was not associated with the presence of hypertension or coronary heart disease or with the fasting blood glucose or serum insulin levels measured at diagnosis of diabetes. In male diabetic subjects with urinary albumin excretion greater than 35 mg/24 h, a reduced creatinine clearance was found, suggesting the presence of structural damage associated with diabetic nephropathy. The early increase of urinary albumin excretion in type II diabetic patients may be mostly functional in nature. However, some patients may have structural renal damage associated with diabetic nephropathy present at diagnosis.

Blood Glucose↗