Biomedical subjects

M Usami

Publications and source records attributed to M Usami.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources

PubMed1998

[Endocrine therapy for prostate cancer in the future].

Endocrine therapy for prostate cancer has been changing rapidly. While LH-RH agonists have been popularly used in medication, their long-acting sustained release formulation is about to be introduced to clinics in Japan. LH-RH antagonists, which have not attracted much attention of clinicians because of adverse reactions, are also going to be put into practical use in the near future. Bicalutamide, which is considered to have greater usefulness than other anti-androgens, is now under regulatory review by the authorities for approval. In addition, a broader range of endocrine therapies is being studied for treatment of prostate cancer. In terms of treatment methods, a number of attempts are made in selection of subject patients, treatment timing, combination treatment and so on.

Adult↗

PubMed1998

[Clinical staging and management of prostate cancer].

Through the use of digital rectal examination, prostate-specific antigen and improved biopsy technique, it is possible to diagnose early stage prostate cancer. The management of this disease, however, has generated considerable controversy. The decision whether to treat actively or conservatively must be made on the basis of accurate staging and grading technique, a patient's life expectancy and performance status. This article will show the current staging and management of prostate cancer as practiced in Japan.

Humans↗

PubMed1998

[Application of radical prostatectomy for prostate cancer and its outcome].

The proportion of patients with localized prostate cancer treated by radical prostatectomy is increasing rapidly in Japan. As for the qualifications of patient candidates for radical surgery, various clinical and pathological findings to predict tumor extent and disease-free outcome must be considered carefully. There has been increased interest in the application of neoadjuvant or adjuvant therapy for locally advanced tumor group in order to improve disease-free survival and overall survival. The new anatomical approach to radical prostatectomy with its nerve sparing option assures preservation of erection. This procedure achieves excellent cancer control for patients with a definite organ-confined tumor preoperatively. Finally, more time is needed to obtain information on the long-term outcome after radical prostatectomy.

Aged↗

PubMed1998

[Clinical significance of prostate specific antigen (PSA) and PSA density in the detection of T1a and T1b prostate cancer].

The clinical significance of preoperative prostate specific antigen (PSA) and PSA density (PSAD) in distinguishing stage T1a and T1b prostate cancer from benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) was studied retrospectively in men who had undergone surgery for BPH. A total of 202 clinically BPH patients underwent transurethral resection of prostate (TURP) or retropubic prostatectomy, and histopathological findings were BPH in 179 patients, T1a cancer in 10 patients and T1b cancer in 13 patients. The T1a cancer group was similar to the BPH group in all parameters. The PSA and PSAD values in the T1b cancer group were significantly higher than those in the BPH group (P < 0.001). Prostate volume and amount of tissue resected in the T1b cancer group were significantly smaller than those in the BPH group (p < 0.001). The cut-off values of PSA and PSAD were examined with T1a and T1b cancer as a positive control and histologically proven BPH as a negative control. When 8.0 ng/ml was used as the PSA cut-off value, the sensitivity was 65% and specificity was 70%. When 0.25 ng/ml/ml was used as the PSAD cut-off value, the sensitivity and specificity were 65% and 75%, respectively. PSAD was useful for improving the specificity. Almost all the cases undetected by using both cut-off values were of T1a cancer. The receiver operating characteristics curve demonstrated that at any point, PSAD was a better detector for distinguishing T1a, T1b cancer from BPH, focusing especially in the range of PSA level between 6.0 and 10.0 ng/ml. These findings suggest that PSA and PSAD are useful parameters in distinguishing T1b cancer from BPH before surgery.

Aged↗

PubMed1998

[Clinical utility of the free prostate specific antigen (PSA), alpha 1-antichymotrypsin-complexed PSA, and free/total PSA ratio using the specific and sensitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay "E-plate EIKEN PSA"].

We studied the clinical significance of serum prostate specific antigen (PSA) ratio: free-PSA/total-PSA and free-PSA/complex-PSA to discriminate between prostate cancer (PC) and prostate benign disease (non-PCa) by using total-PSA, alpha 1-antichymotrypsin complexed (complex)-PSA and free-PSA enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits newly developed at EIKEN Chemical Co, Ltd. Fre-PSA and complex-PSA ELISA kits demonstrated high sensitivity and specificity. Total-PSA ELISA kit also demonstrated equimolarity for free-PSA and complex-PSA. On the total-PSA range of 4-10 ng/ml, free-PSA/total-PSA% (f/t%) and free-PSA/complex-PSA% (f/c%) were very useful to discriminate between PCa and non-PCa by receiver operating characteristic curve analysis as well as PSA density (PSA-D) but not free-PSA level. F/t% and f/c% were even useful to discriminate early stage PCa (i.e. A1 or B0) from non-PCa by the Mann-Whitney U-test.

Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay↗

PubMed1998

[Bilateral synchronous adrenal myelolipomas: a case report].

A 70-year-old man, who was diagnosed by computed tomographic scan as having bilateral synchronous adrenal myelolipomas 6 years ago during the follow-up of fatty liver, underwent tumor resection at our Department because of growth of bilateral tumors without any subjective symptoms. Histopathological examination revealed mature adipose tissue cells without atypism and areas of hematopoietic tissue, including the myelotic, lymphotic, erythrocytic, and megakaryocytic cells. The diagnosis of myelolipoma was confirmed. The in vivo doubling time of bilateral tumors was 16.1 months and 31.3 months, respectively.

Adrenal Gland Neoplasms↗

PubMed1998

[Labial adhesion presenting as urinary incontinence and dysuria in a postmenopausal woman: a case report].

A 68-year-old woman admitted to our hospital complaining of urinary incontinence and dysuria. On examination, the labia were found to be fused extensively, with a pinhole opening at the midline. Under spinal anesthesia, the adhesion was clearly separated with the Hegar's dilator. There remains no recurrence in this patient following therapy. The labial adhesion was considered to be an acquired disease caused by infection, trauma in the genitalia, or sexless life, according to hypoestrogenism.

Aged↗

PubMed1997

Proteolytic processing of presenilin-1 (PS-1) is not associated with Alzheimer's disease with or without PS-1 mutations.

Cerebral presenilin-1 protein (PS-1) is normally composed of the amino-terminal fragment (NTF) with Mr 28 kDa and the carboxy-terminal fragment (CTF) with 18 kDa. We analyzed human PS-1 in brains with early-onset familial Alzheimer's disease (FAD) with and without PS-1 mutations to study whether mutated PS-1 was abnormally metabolized. Cerebral PS-1 were found to be cleaved into two fragments of NTF and CTF independently of the occurrence of PS-1 mutation in human brains. A small portion of PS-1 was recently found to suffer another processing by caspase-3, an apoptosis-related cysteine protease. In contrast to the recent finding that the Volga-German mutation on presenilin-2 (PS-2) affects the increasing caspase-3 PS-2 fragment, the PS-1 mutation did not cause a significant change in PS-1 fragmentation. We conclude that PS-1 fragmentation and other (probably caspase-3-mediated) digestion following apoptosis occur independently of PS-1 mutations.

Alzheimer Disease↗

PubMed1997

A subset of senile dementia with high incidence of the apolipoprotein E epsilon2 allele.

There is a subset of very elderly patients with senile dementia in whom abundant neurofibrillary tangles are present, mainly in the hippocampal region, without a significant number of senile plaques. In a retrospective neuropathological examination of 239 dementia patients, 14 were found to have this type of senile dementia. The apolipoprotein E epsilon2, epsilon3, and epsilon4 allele frequencies in this patient group were 0.39, 0.50, and 0.11, respectively. Such a high frequency of the epsilon2 allele suggests that this type of dementia is distinct from Alzheimer's disease not only from a neuropathological but also from a genetic viewpoint.

Aged↗

PubMed1997

Different roles of endothelium-derived substances on inhibiting platelet aggregation in whole blood.

1. The inhibitory effects of adenosine, nitroprusside (a nitric oxide donor) and prostacyclin on collagen-induced rabbit platelet aggregation were studied under two different conditions: in whole blood with an impedance method and in platelet-rich plasma (PRP) with a turbidimetric method. 2. All substances tested were less potent in whole blood than in PRP, and the differences in IC50 value between whole blood and PRP were not of the same order of magnitude; adenosine (669-fold), nitroprusside (54-fold) and prostacyclin (2-fold). 3. These results imply that (a) some other, as yet unknown, factors in blood modulate the platelet aggregation; (b) adenosine and nitric oxide act close to the endothelium, and (c) prostacyclin acts as a relatively long lasting circulating hormone.

Adenosine↗

PubMed1997

The effect of a nucleotide-nucleoside solution on hepatic regeneration in rats after partial hepatectomy and in primary monolayer culture of hepatocytes.

Purine and pyrimidine metabolism is a key process after hepatic surgery. To evaluate the effect of purine and pyrimidine supplementation on hepatic regeneration, the following clinical in vitro and in vivo experiments were performed. Changes in blood nucleotides, nucleosides and nucleobase were analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography in patients and rats after partial hepatectomy. The effect of supplementation of nucleotide-nucleoside solution (OG-VI) or their components on nucleic acids syntheses in primary monolayer cultured hepatocytes and preoperative intraperitoneal injection of OG-VI on hepatic regeneration in the partially hepatectomized rats were evaluated. Blood purine and pyrimidine levels in patients change after hepatectomy and their changes indicate increased salvage synthesis of purine and pyrimidine in the regenerating liver. Addition of appropriate amounts of inosine, GMP, uridine, or thymidine, the substrates for salvage purine and pyrimidine syntheses, to primary cultures of hepatocytes enhanced both DNA and RNA syntheses by the salvage and de novo pathways. The OG-VI mixture also enhanced the syntheses of DNA and RNA. Preoperative administration of OG-VI to partially-hepatectomized rats enhances hepatic DNA synthesis in a way similar to the in vitro study.

Adenosine Triphosphate↗

PubMed1997

Histopathological study on bone changes induced by recombinant granulocyte colony-stimulating factor in rats.

Histopathological bone changes were examined in growing rats intravenously administered with high doses (100 and 1000 micrograms/kg/day) of recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (rG-CSF) for 28 days. The changes were observed in the region where physiological bone resorption actively occurs in the growth phase, that is the trabeculae of metaphyseal spongy bone and the endosteum region of diaphyseal compact bone. Histologically, the changes involved accelerated osteoclastic bone resorption and osteogenesis due to intramembranous ossification. While osteoclastic bone resorption was observed in almost all lesions, about half of which were accompanied by osteogenesis. Bone changes which appeared after administration of rG-CSF were characterized by frequent occurrence at the site of highly osteoclastic activity and by initial osteoclastic resorption followed by osteogenesis due to intramembranous ossification. These results suggest that the main action of rG-CSF on bone may be an acceleration of osteoclastic bone resorption.

Animals↗

PubMed1997

Antidiabetic effect of seishin-kanro-to in KK-Ay mice.

The hypoglycemic effect of Seishin-kanro-to (SK) was investigated in KK-Ay mice, one of the non-insulin dependent diabetic mellitus types. SK (1700 mg/kg) reduced the blood glucose of KK-Ay mice from 557 +/- 17 to 383 +/- 36 mg/100 ml 7 hours after single oral administration (P < 0.001). SK also decreased the blood glucose and improved glucose tolerance 5 weeks after repeated administration in KK-Ay mice. These results support, therefore, the use of SK in patients with diabetes and confirm its role as a traditional medicine. In addition, the active plants of SK were identified as the rhizome of Anemarrhena asphodeloides Bunge and the radix of Rehmannia glutinosa Liboschitz.

Animals↗

PubMed1997

Preoperative endocrine therapy for clinical stage A2, B, and C prostate cancer: an interim report on short-term effects. Prostate Cancer Study Group.

BACKGROUND: Preoperative endocrine therapy has been suggested to improve surgical radicality and/or patient prognosis in prostate cancer. METHODS: Patients with clinical stage A2, B, and C prostate cancer were randomized to either group I (n = 113) or group II (n = 111). Group I patients were to receive preoperative endocrine therapy consisting of leuprolide and chlormadinone for 3 months, followed by radical prostatectomy with lymph node dissection. Group II patients were to undergo the surgery before endocrine therapy. RESULTS: Group I patients showed a remarkable decrease in prostate-specific antigen (PSA) (mean +/- SE: 41.8 +/- 8.6 ng/mL to 2.7 +/- 0.7 ng/mL) and prostate volume (29.8 +/- 1.7 mL to 21.2 +/- 1.6 mL) during the preoperative therapy. Histopathologic analysis showed a significant difference in the rates of down-staging (19.1% in group I versus 3.3% in group II), positive surgical margins (63.8% versus 81.3%) and positive lymph node metastasis (20.7% versus 36.5%). No significant difference was detected in operating features. Subgroup analyses indicated that beneficial effects were correlated positively with degree of histologic differentiation and negatively with the basal PSA level. CONCLUSIONS: Preoperative endocrine therapy reduced local extension of prostate cancer, and the effects depended on histologic differentiation and PSA level. Long-term follow-up data are needed to determine the effects on the patient prognosis.

Aged↗

PubMed1997

Glioblastoma multiforme after radiotherapy for metastatic brain tumor of testicular cancer.

A patient with left testicular cancer and metastases to retroperitoneal lymph nodes, lung, and brain was treated by chemotherapy, radiotherapy and surgery, and obtained the state of no evidence of disease, but 10 years after radiotherapy, a glioblastoma multiforme tumor appeared in the brain. This is the first report of a glioma appearing after radiotherapy in a testicular cancer patient.

Adult↗

PubMed1997

Docosahexanoic acid (DHA) improved glucose and lipid metabolism in KK-Ay mice with genetic non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM).

The hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic effect of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA; C22: 6omega-3) ethyl ester was examined in KK-Ay mice and neonatal streptozotocin-induced diabetic (NSZ) which are respectively obese and lean animal models of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM), and in ddY normal mice. Single administration of DHA (500 mg/kg body weight) to KK-Ay mice significantly reduced (p<0.05) the blood glucose levels (BG) (p<0.05) and plasma free fatty acid levels (FFA) (p<0.05) at 10 h after oral administration when compared with control group. DHA (500 mg/kg body weight)-treated NSZ and normal mice, however, showed no change in these parameters. In addition, repeated administration of DHA (100 mg/kg) to KK-Ay mice significantly suppressed the increment of BG (p<0.05) and plasma triglyceride levels (TG) (p<0.01), and significantly decreased FFA (p<0.05) at 30 d compared with control group. DHA also significantly decreased the blood glucose at 60 and 120 min on insulin tolerance test (ITT). From these findings, it seems likely that DHA exhibits its hypoglycemic effects by increasing insulin sensitivity. It is concluded that DHA would be useful for treatment of obese type NIDDM with insulin resistance.

Animals↗

PubMed1997

Effects on fetal growth of repeated blood collection for toxicokinetics from pregnant rats.

Repeated blood collection from pregnant rats was examined for effects on fetuses. Blood was collected four times from the same pregnant rat (0.5 ml each time and 2 ml in total). In Experiment 1, blood was first collected on day 9 of gestation and then repeatedly at 1, 4 and 18 hr intervals. In Experiment 2, blood was collected once on day 6 of gestation and then repeatedly on days 9, 12 and 15. Decreases in body weight and food consumption of the pregnant animals were noted in both experiments and considered due to restraint and needle puncture. In neither experiment could any effects be found on day 20 of gestation with regard to viability, fetal weight, placental weight or gross malformation. The results indicated that this regimen of blood collection could be used in developmental toxicity assessment studies.

Animals↗

PubMed1997

[Urethral recurrence of bladder cancer 16 years after total cystectomy. A case report].

A 74-year-old man was admitted to our hospital. Diagnosis of invasive bladder cancer was made and a total cystectomy was performed on January, 30, 1980. Histological examination showed transitional cell carcinoma, grade 2, pT1 is N0M0. After 16 years, when he suffered left femur, he had right inguinal lymphnode swelling. On the biopsy of the inguinal mass, histology was transitional cell carcinoma. The urethral washing cytology was positive. Lung CT scan dem onstrated multiple lesions. He was diagnosed of the urethral recurrence, right inguinal lymphnode metastasis and lung metastasis of bladder cancer. This case is the 5th case of urethral recurrence of bladder cancer following cystectomy in our hospital.

Aged↗