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Biomedical subjects

M Usami

Publications and source records attributed to M Usami.

At least 271 records · Page 15Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

Changes in insulin, somatostatin, and glucagon secretion during the development of obesity in ventromedial hypothalamic-lesioned rats.

Changes in insulin, somatostatin, and glucagon secretion during the development of obesity in rats after ventromedial hypothalamic (VMH) lesions were evaluated by measuring fasting hormone levels and their secretion from the isolated perfused pancreas. Fasting peripheral insulin levels were not altered 1 week after the VMH lesions but became progressively elevated at 3-4, 8-9, and 11-12 weeks compared to the values in sham-operated and age-matched control rats. In the portal vein, insulin levels also progressively increased in VMH-lesioned rats, but the portal-peripheral gradient of insulin in the later phase of VMH obesity was significantly lower than in the early phase after VMH lesions. On the contrary, the arginine-induced insulin release from the perfused pancreas was highest at 1 week and gradually decreased thereafter, although it continued to remain higher than that of controls. The perfusate somatostatin response to arginine also was exaggerated in the VMH-lesioned rats. However, both the peripheral glucagon level and the glucagon secretion from the perfused pancreas of the VMH-lesioned rats were not significantly different from the controls. These results show that VMH lesions result in an increased insulin and somatostatin secretion. Using the cyclically perfused liver in situ, we have found that the hepatic extraction rate of insulin is indeed reduced in rats 8-9 weeks after VMH lesioning, and so have at least partly accounted for the decreased portal-peripheral gradient of insulin in the later VMH postoperative phase.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

[A case of vesical malacoplakia].

A 44-year-old woman was admitted to our hospital, complaining of terminal hematuria. On cystoscopy four yellow and soft nodular masses were observed in the bladder, one of which had central ulceration. TUR was performed for these masses. Histological examination revealed that they were vesical malacoplakia. The masses consisted of aggregates of macrophages with abundant cytoplasma in which typical Michaelis-Gutmann bodies were demonstrated by light and electron microscopies.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Clinical pharmacokinetics and pharmacological actions of a long-acting formulation of propranolol.

The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of a long-acting formulation of 60 mg propranolol (Inderal LA; in the following briefly called LA) once a day were compared with those of conventional propranolol (Inderal; in the following called CV) 20 mg three times a day, by a double-blind cross-over method in healthy volunteers. After a single oral dose with LA in 10 subjects, the blood level slowly increased to reach the peak plasma level (Cmax) of 11.56 +/- 2.15 ng/ml (mean +/- SE) at 5 h which was lower than that of CV (42.93 +/- 19.26 ng/ml). However, the peak plasma level was almost constant for another 5 h with LA (11.03 +/- 2.38 ng/ml at 10 h). The elimination half-life with LA was significantly longer than with CV (6.5 +/- 1.0, 3.9 +/- 0.5 h, respectively). The plasma level at 24 h did not differ between LA and CV (3.34 +/- 0.92, 5.47 +/- 1.38 ng/ml, respectively). LA and CV were orally administered for 8 consecutive days in 6 subjects. The plasma level after LA accumulated and Cmax was 1.6 times higher and the area under the time-concentration curve (AUC) 1.7 times higher than on Day 1, but no accumulation of the plasma level was seen after CV. On Day 8 the plasma level after 24 h of LA turned-out to be higher than that of CV (4.4 +/- 2.2, 3.5 +/- 1.5 ng/ml). Although the exercise heart rate was significantly more suppressed by CV than LA on Day 1, the difference disappeared on Day 8.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Combination chemotherapy including adriamycin for advanced transitional cell carcinoma of the urinary tract.

Thirty-three patients with advanced transitional cell carcinoma of the urinary tract (23 bladder cases, 8 ureter cases, and 2 renal pelvis cases) were treated by three-drug combination chemotherapy using two protocols (protocol I: Adriamycin 50 mg/m2, cyclophosphamide 500 mg/m2, and 5-fluorouracil 500 mg/m2, protocol II: Adriamycin 50 mg/m2, cyclophosphamide 500 mg/m2, and cis-platinum 50 mg/m2). Protocol I induced responses in three of 19 patients (16%), (1 complete response, 2 partial responses), and protocol II (I complete response, 4 partial responses) in five of 14 patients (36%). The overall response rate was 24%. The duration of response was relatively short (median duration 5.1 months). The combination therapy was relatively well tolerated except in three patients, including two mortalities. In our study, three-drug combination chemotherapy with Adriamycin, especially that including cis-platinum, was effective against transitional cell carcinoma of the urinary tract, but the results were not completely satisfactory.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

[Experience with transabdominal and scrotal ultrasonographic examination in urology].

To evaluate its diagnostic availability in urology, transabdominal and scrotal ultrasonographic examination was made on 87 patients who had been admitted to our hospital for space occupying lesions. In retroperitoneal lesions, adrenal tumors and renal tumors greater than 2.5 cm could be detected by this examination. In pelvic lesions, bladder tumors greater than 0.5 cm were demonstrated and prostatic carcinoma with heterogeneous echotexture and irregular margin was discriminated from BPH. Not only could fluid-filled scrotal lesions larger than 1.0 cm be distinguished from solid mass lesions, but the intrascrotal anatomy could also be demonstrated in detail. Because of its safety, flexibility, and accuracy in detecting space occupying lesions, this examination could be a useful screening test in urology. Representative cases we experienced are presented.

Abdomen↗
PubMed1982

Glucose regulation of arginine-induced pancreatic somatostatin release from the isolated perfused rat pancreas.

The effects of glucose alone, combinations of glucose with arginine or tolbutamide and either arginine or tolbutamide alone, on somatostatin, insulin, and glucagon secretion were investigated using the isolated perfused rat pancreas. When glucose alone was raised in graded increments at 15-min intervals from an initial concentration of 0 mM to a maximum of 16.7 mM, somatostatin as well as insulin in the perfusate increased with the glucose, while glucagon decreased. The similarity of the glucose stimulated somatostatin and insulin release was especially evident when the perfusate glucose was increased from an initial dose of 4.4 mM rather than 0 mM to 8.8 mM or 16.7 mM. In addition, glucose at concentrations varying from 4.4 mM to 11 mM dose-dependently enhanced arginine-induced somatostatin and insulin release and suppressed glucagon release dose-dependently as before. Arginine in the absence of glucose was not capable of stimulating somatostatin secretion whereas tolbutamide, in contrast, was capable of stimulating somatostatin secretion even in the absence of glucose.

Animals↗