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Biomedical subjects

M Urso

Publications and source records attributed to M Urso.

15 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2002

Cytogenetic biomonitoring of workers from laboratories of clinical analyses occupationally exposed to chemicals.

A cytogenetic monitoring study was carried out on a group of workers in clinical analysis laboratories to investigate the risk of occupational exposure to chronic low levels of chemicals.Thirty-four clinical laboratories have been involved in the study. In these laboratories, toxicants and analytical procedures utilized have been characterized. The individual occupational exposure of workers was assessed by use of a questionnaire concerning the chemical substances utilized. About 300 different chemicals have been identified. Cytogenetic analyses (chromosomal aberration and micronucleus tests) were carried out on a strictly selected group of 50 workers enrolled from these laboratories and compared to 53 controls (healthy blood donors) matched for gender and age. The exposed group shows a significantly higher frequency of genetic damage than the control group. Both chromatid and chromosome aberration frequencies in workers appear significantly higher than in controls. Similarly, comparison between micronucleated cells rates of exposed and unexposed groups show significantly higher frequencies of binucleated cells with micronucleus (BNMN) and of total micronuclei (MN tot) in workers than in controls.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

Transvaginal color Doppler ultrasound for de novo ovarian carcinoma. How a good chance can be missed.

Early de novo ovarian cancer is one of the most challenging entities in gynecologic oncology as early diagnosis is extremely difficult. We describe the case of a 77-year woman who had incidental diagnosis of normally shaped ovaries with low resistance blood flow. Despite the suspicious finding and despite the documentation of elevated serum CA 125 levels she did not undergo surgery. Twelve months later she was found with an enlarged ovary. Laparotomy documented a stage IIIB ovarian carcinoma. Lack of communication among subspecialists and incomplete acceptance of new diagnostic aids contributed to this disappointing case.

Aged↗
PubMed2001

[Survey of disinfectant usage in a polyclinic in Rome: preliminary results].

The authors describe the survey that was conducted in the largest hospital in Rome. The aim was to estimate the disinfectants and chemical sterilizers employed and asses possible hazards for patients and workers arising from the use of disinfectants, together with the problem of waste disposal. The study was conducted by means of a survey form that was distributed to 39 departments/institute in the whole hospital of which 24 (61%) responded. Overall 635 charts were collected listing 886 usage procedures and 110 formulations with 40 different active ingredients. The disinfection fields of use were: skin(52.4%) environment (28.8%) and hospital equipment (20.8%) This study shows that a modern hospital should select very few disinfectants and prepare a handbook that can explain disinfectant usage procedures and concentrations. In the guidelines the problem of waste disposal and employee safety should also be considered.

Containment of Biohazards↗
PubMed1997

[Nodular pathology of the thyroid: epidemiological aspects and predisposing factors].

The knowledge of epidemiological data and predisposing factors can provide an important contribution to the correct diagnosis and therapy of thyroid nodules which are one of the more frequently detected signs of thyroid disease. The authors reviewed the main epidemiological data reported in the literature. Clinical studies, performed on groups of people with different age, sex and geographical origin, have been examined, along with data obtained from echographic screening and autoptic series. It is well known that most of echographically detected thyroid nodules may be missed even at an accurate clinical examination. The main predisposing factors have been analyzed, with special attention to therapeutic and incidental or war radiation exposure. Epidemiological data may allow us to identify all possible risk factors in order to correctly plan a diagnostic-therapeutic schedule.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

[The use of color Doppler sonography in the diagnosis of thyroid pathology].

Color Flow Doppler Sonography (CFD) is a technique that gives us useful information related to blood flow and consequently about some organs or tissues physiology and morphology. The purpose of this paper is to discuss some new developments on CFD's role in the diagnosis of thyroid disease, an application that has recently been put forward. Some studies using CFD have described, as in the case of other organs and tissues, the main qualities of gland's parenchyma vascularity both in physiological conditions and in the instance of diffuse and/or focal thyroid diseases. A large part of these studies have dealt with the aspects of hypervascularity in malignant thyroid neoplasms, focusing on the meaning of the intranodular hypervascularity in the differential diagnosis between benign and malignant thyroid lesions. CFD, although reported as having high sensibility and specificity, is not yet in a position to improve much on the current limits of fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB), in particular in the case of "follicular proliferation" where the distinction between benign adenoma and thyroid carcinoma is still a frequent problem. Further studies are required to evaluate if CFD can reduce the percentage of patients to be operated upon because of unclear cytological pattern.

Diagnosis, Differential↗
PubMed1990

Renal function during calcitriol therapy in chronic renal failure.

Some authors have reported that vitamin D treatment worsens renal function. We studied 10 patients with stable renal function, who were given calcitriol (0.5 micrograms/day) for a 4-month period. Creatinine and inulin clearance were performed at the beginning and at the end of the treatment. Although serum creatinine increased and creatinine clearance decreased, inulin clearance did not show significant variations. Furthermore, serum creatinine fell to the baseline value within 60 days after discontinuation of vitamin D therapy. The increased serum creatinine may be explained by an augmented release from muscular tissue, probably due to the improvement of uremic myopathy induced by calcitriol.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Biofiltration vs. bicarbonate dialysis: influence on plasma volume changes and extravascular fluid mobilization.

The present study compares the effects of bicarbonate hemodialysis (Bic. HD) and biofiltration (BF), a new hemodiafiltration technique, on plasma volume (PV) changes and extravascular fluid mobilization (Vfm). Ten uremic patients underwent one experimental session of Bic. HD and, one week later, one of BF, both on the second dialysis of the week. Net ultrafiltration rate was limited to 700 ml/min. At the start of each session, whole blood volume (WBV), PV and red cell volume (RCV) were determined using 5 mu Ci of radioiodinated serum albumin (RISA). PV and Vfm were calculated at hourly intervals using a serial hematocrit method. On Bic. HD, PV increased at 60 min. then decreased at 120 and 180 min., with efficient Vfm only during the first hour. On BF, PV increased throughout treatment, with greater Vfm. It would appear that PV is better preserved in BF, on account of more efficient Vfm.

Acetates↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Laboratory diagnosis: correlated health and environmental risks].

Method description and initial results of a study to assess risks to health sector workers and environment due to chemical agents used and waste products generated in diagnostic clinical chemical laboratories, and image diagnostic testing. A survey was conducted of the methods and agents used and their toxicological classification, the number of workers exposed and an analytical profile of the waste produced. The assessment of risk to workers was based on cytogenetic tests (chromosome aberrations and micronuclei); the assessment of environmental risk from waste disposal was based on tests on plant systems.

Clinical Laboratory Techniques↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Hospital hygiene and disinfectants: experience in a teaching hospital].

A survey was conducted during March-July 1999 to assess and identify the disinfectants and chemical sterilants employed in a teaching hospital of Roma. The purposes were studying the problems of safety in the use also, and the treatment like waste of disinfectants and chemical sterilants. Were collected the data from 61% of 39 Department/Institutes of the whole hospital. A total of 635 records were examined, and 40 different active ingredients of 110 commercial forms were identified. This study was conducted by a survey chart. Data collected outline that to minimize the risk for nursing staff, workers and the patients a modern hospital staff should prepare a handbook that can explain the concentrations and correct use for various disinfectants and chemical sterilants that was choose and employed.

Disinfectants↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Uremic myopathy and calcitriol therapy in CAPD patients.

During 7 months of calcitriol treatment in eight CAPD patients, significant increases in serum creatinine and daily excretion of this substance in dialysis fluid were observed, but there was a significant decrease in creatinine in the urinary daily output. When therapy was stopped, creatinine levels fell to baseline in serum and peritoneal fluid, and urine values continued to decrease as previously observed. Dynamometric performance showed a significant increase during treatment, which remained after drug withdrawal. These findings suggest that the transient increase of serum creatinine during calcitriol treatment may be a result of an increased production and release of this metabolite from muscle.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Vascularization of single thyroid nodule as an indicator malignant neoplasm: a study using echo-color-Doppler].

A number of studies done with color-flow Doppler (CFD) sonography have disclosed intense vascularization of malignant thyroid nodules. As this method might be able to provide important reference data to enable differentiation between benign and malignant nodular pathology, a study of the vascularization of single thyroid nodules using CFD sonography was done at the Endocrinology Out-Patient Clinic of the Combined Units of the University of Padua and the City Hospital of Venice, 1st Medical Division. Its aim was to verify the utility of CFD in the diagnosis of solitary and scintigraphically "cold" thyroid nodules, particularly to distinguish benign from malignant nodular pathology. One hundred nineteen patients were examined with hormonal dosage, scintigraphy, fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB), echography and CFD sonography of the thyroid, and, in some cases, histological examination. Nineteen patients underwent histological examination: 17 follicular adenomas and 2 papillary carcinomas were found. Color-flow Doppler sonography indicated intense intranodular vascularization in both cases of malignant neoplasm (sensitivity 100%) and in 2 cases of the 17 benign lesions (specificity 88.2%). Moreover, intralesional hypervascularization was not observed in the 2 false positive FNAB cases. Although limited by the scarcity of histological material and the absence of cases of follicular carcinoma, this study has demonstrated that CFD sonography is a highly sensitive (no false negatives) and specific (only 2 false positives) method to diagnose scintigraphically "cold" single thyroid nodules.

Adenoma↗