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Biomedical subjects

M Underwood

Publications and source records attributed to M Underwood.

47 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

The older driver. Clinical assessment and injury prevention.

Continued increases in the number of older drivers during the next several decades will increase the importance of medical, ethical, and health policy issues related to driving privileges. Physicians have a critical role in examining patients for driving competence and in screening for impairments that increase the risk of motor vehicle injuries. Both age-related and disease-related factors may affect driving ability in older adults. Research related to the impact of chronic diseases, medications, visual problems, and various neurologic disorders should provide guidance to clinicians in the assessment of driving ability. Performance-based functional assessment, including the use of driving simulators and road tests, may provide information that is useful in the evaluation and rehabilitation of possibly impaired older drivers. Further research related to human, vehicular, and environmental factors and the development of intervention strategies for prevention of crashes and crash-related injuries will reduce the risk of injury and death in older adults.

Accidents, Traffic↗
PubMed1992

The aftermath of youth suicide--providing postvention services for the school and community.

Suicide is one of the leading causes of death in adolescence. Due to the risk of contagion and maladaptive coping responses in the aftermath of suicide, clinicians have responded by developing postvention services. Based on a considerable amount of experience in this field, target groups of individuals have been identified to receive such assistance. These groups include school administrators, staff, students, families, and community members at large. In addition, it has become clear that the local media response to suicide is of critical importance, and that school administrators and local mental health officials should work effectively with reporters so that news stories do not contribute to suicide contagion.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1991

Adductor pollicis. The missing interosseous.

This paper highlights the many similarities between the adductor pollicis and the palmar interossei. In particular it compares their anatomy, innervation and function. It suggests that adductor pollicis should be considered as the first palmar interosseous and that this view simplifies the teaching of hand anatomy and the tests of ulnar nerve function. Further support for the view that adductor pollicis is the thenar counterpart of the second, third and fourth palmar interossei is gained from studies of the literature on hand evolution, in particular published details of fossil records and dissection of primate hands.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

The impact of curriculum-based suicide prevention programs for teenagers.

The impact of three school-based suicide prevention programs was assessed by comparing attitudes and knowledge of 758 9th and 10th graders with those of 680 control pupils, matched on age, ethnicity, and socioeconomic status at the school level, who did not receive the programs. Evaluations were conducted before exposure to the programs and again 1 month later. A large majority of students knew and subscribed to some of the more important program goals before exposure to the program. There was little evidence of program impact among the minority that did not. Most students were interested by the programs, and positive reactions were more common among female and minority students.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Adolescent suicide attempters. Response to suicide-prevention programs.

As part of a controlled evaluation of three suicide-prevention curricula delivered to 1438 ninth- and 10th-grade students, 63 adolescents were identified as having made a suicide attempt. Their attitudes about suicide and help seeking were compared with those of 910 nonattempters drawn from the same population. Reaction to the prevention program was assessed by comparing the responses of the 35 attempters exposed to the programs with responses of 524 exposed nonattempters. The impact of the programs was assessed by comparing 35 exposed attempters with 28 attempters from a control group. Self-identified attempters were less likely to endorse views consistent with the curricula at baseline, but there was little evidence that the programs were successful in influencing these views. There was some evidence that previous attempters were more upset by the programs than their nonattempter peers. The prevalence of suicide attempts as defined in this study by self-report was higher than that reported in studies using interview techniques.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Glutathione metabolism at the blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier.

Glutathione metabolism and transport in the choroid plexus were probed by determining the effects of administration to rats of several compounds (buthionine sulfoximine, L-2-oxothiazolidine-4-carboxylate, L-(alpha 5,5S)-alpha-amino-3-chloro-4,5-dihydro-5-isoxazole acetic acid, gamma-glutamyl alanine, and glutathione monoethyl ester) on the levels of glutathione and cysteine in the cerebrospinal fluid. The findings indicate that glutathione is actively metabolized in the choroid plexus by pathways similar to those in kidney and other tissues. The level of glutathione in the cerebrospinal fluid can be decreased or increased by giving compounds that do not, under similar conditions, appreciably alter total brain levels of glutathione. Glutathione monoethyl ester is effectively transported into the cerebrospinal fluid.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Enhanced withdrawal of polychlorinated biphenyls: a comparison of colestipol, mineral oil, propylene glycol, and petroleum jelly with or without restricted feeding.

Meat type chickens were fed a commercial mixture of polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB), Aroclor 1254, at 10 ppm for 14 days, then treated for 21 days to hasten the withdrawal of PCB with either mineral oil (MO), petroleum jelly (PJ), propylene glycol (PG), or colestipol (CO) at 5% of the diet, or at 10% of the diet when restricted to 50% of control intake (50% FR). Whole carcass analyses for PCB revealed that MO + 50% FR reduced PCB to 1.91 mg/bird, or 32% of the body burden (5.96 mg) in nontreated chickens previously fed PCB, whereas those restricted in feed intake by 50% (50% FR) had almost no change (6.44 mg/bird) in body burdens. The PJ, PG, and CO in combination with 50% FR reduced body burdens of PCB to 47, 57, and 77%, respectively, of the control value. When treated with MO, PJ, PG, or CO alone (no 50% FR), chickens had body burdens reduced to only 67 to 90% of control, depending on th compound. Thus, feed restriction was necessary for the MO and PJ to have their greatest effect. Carcass lipid values and body weight gains were markedly reduced by the feed restriction. The CO reduced carcass lipid in nonrestricted chickens by 30%.

Animal Feed↗
PubMed1986

Inactivation of rat hepatic cytochrome P-450 by spironolactone.

Administration of antimineralocorticoid spironolactone (SPL) to rats results in modest destruction of hepatic cytochrome P-450 with parallel loss of heme. This process is accentuated by pretreatment with dexamethasone (DEX), an inducer of cytochrome P-450p and is associated with marked functional loss of cytochrome P-450p-dependent hydroxylases. Cytochrome P-450 destruction may be replicated in vitro when microsomes from DEX-pretreated rats are incubated with SPL and NADPH and is impaired when these rats are given triacetyloleandomycin, an inhibitor of cytochrome P-450p. In vitro SPL-mediated cytochrome P-450 destruction is accompanied by a loss of heme, which appears to be converted to reactive intermediates which covalently bind to microsomes or are converted to polar metabolites.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The final rule: what administrators must know by April 28.

On April 28, 1999, the Final Rule of the Mammography Quality Standards Act (MQSA) goes into effect. The Final Rule remains basically the same, with the addition of a few new specifications and modifications. The Quality Standards are divided into two parts. To obtain and maintain compliance with the standards, facilities must be most familiar with sections 900.10 through 900.12 in Subpart B. A policy on reinstatement, added to the section on requirements for certification, outlines the conditions facilities must meet to have their certification reinstated. The requirements for mammography personnel, equipment and general quality assurance standards are listed in section 900.12, (a) through (j). A new requirement is that mammography technologists must have 40 hours of direct instruction, eight of which must include training in each modality they will use to perform examinations. All mammography personnel must have a minimum of eight hours training before working independently in a new modality. The Final Rule makes it clear that mammography facilities are responsible for communicating test results to patients. Under the Final Rule, responsibility for a facility's quality assurance program now belongs to the lead-interpreting physician, a position facilities are now required to have. Facility cleanliness and infection control standards have been added to the section on QA requirements. The Final Rule establishes that facilities must establish and implement an infection control program, as well as a documented procedure for resolving consumer complaints.

Education, Continuing↗