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Biomedical subjects

M Umemoto

Publications and source records attributed to M Umemoto.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1996

[A case of right postpneumonectomy empyema treated by open window thoracostomy, thoracoplasty, pedicled omental flap and musculocutaneous flaps].

A case of right postpneumonectomy empyema treated by open window thoracostomy, thoracoplasty, pedicled omental flap and musculocutaneous flaps is reported. After open window thoracostomy, pedicled omental flap and musculocutaneous flaps transplantation utilizing techniques used in plastic surgery were performed, and right postneumonctomy empyema was successfully treated. In this study, open window thoracostomy was effective against depuration of the empyema cavity and omental and musculocutaneous flaps against the infection control and plombage of the cavity. Furthermore, to maximize the effect of musculocutaneous flaps and to use them effectively, it is thought that techniques utilized in plastic surgery are effective and necessary.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1995

Targeted disruption of the NF-IL6 gene discloses its essential role in bacteria killing and tumor cytotoxicity by macrophages.

To investigate the role of NF-IL6 in vivo, we have generated NF-IL6 (-/-) mice by gene targeting. NF-IL6 (-/-) mice were highly susceptible to infection by Listeria monocytogenes. Electron microscopic observation revealed the escape of a larger number of pathogens from the phagosome to the cytoplasm in activated macrophages from NF-IL6 (-/-) mice. Furthermore, the tumor cytotoxicity of macrophages from NF-IL6 (-/-) mice was severely impaired. However, cytokines involved in macrophage activation, such as TNF and IFN gamma, were induced normally in NF-IL6 (-/-) mice. Nitric oxide (NO) formation was induced to a similar extent in macrophages from both wild-type and NF-IL6 (-/-) mice. These results demonstrate the crucial role of NF-IL6 in macrophage bactericidal and tumoricidal activities as well as the existence of a NO-independent mechanism of these activities. We also demonstrate that NF-IL6 is essential for the induction of G-CSF in macrophages and fibroblasts.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Hair cell regeneration in the chick inner ear following acoustic trauma: ultrastructural and immunohistochemical studies.

The regeneration of hair cells in the chick inner ear following acoustic trauma was examined using transmission electron microscopy. In addition, the localization of proliferation cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and basic fibroblast growth factor (b-FGF) was demonstrated immunohistochemically. The auditory sensory epithelium of the normal chick consists of short and tall hair cells and supporting cells. Immediately after noise exposure to a 1500-Hz pure tone at a sound pressure level of 120 decibels for 48 h, all the short hair cells disappeared in the middle region of the auditory epithelium. Twelve hours to 1 day after exposure, mitotic cells, binucleate cells and PCNA-positive supporting cells were observed, and b-FGF immunoreactivity was shown in the supporting cells and glial cells near the habenula perforata. Spindle-shaped hair cells with immature stereocilia and a kinocilium appeared 3 days after exposure; these cells had synaptic connections with the newly developed nerve endings. The spindle-shaped hair cell is considered to be a transitional cell in the lineage of the supporting cell to the mature short hair cell. These results indicate that, after acoustic trauma, the supporting cells divide and differentiate into new short hair cells via spindle-shaped hair cells. Furthermore, it is suggested that b-FGF is related to the proliferation of the supporting cells and the extension of the nerve fibers.

Acoustic Stimulation↗
PubMed1995

Endocytosis and transepithelial transport of endolymph in the endolymphatic sac.

The fate of cationized ferritin (CF) injected into the endolymphatic space of the endolymphatic sac was observed by transmission electron microscopy. At 10 min after the injection, CF particles bound to the apical plasma membrane of epithelial cells of the sac and were then endocytosed with coated pits. However, they never passed through the junctional complexes between the epithelial cells. At 30 min after the injection, the CF particles were transferred to endosomes and lysosomes by small vesicles of 100-150 nm in diameter. CF particles were also found in small vesicles close to Golgi cisternae and in multivesicular bodies. Acid phosphatase positive lysosomes were found close to endosomes containing CF particles. In addition, a small fraction of the small vesicles containing CF particles became inserted into the basolateral plasma membrane. At 60 min after the injection, many CF particles were found in acid phosphatase positive secondary lysosomes. These observations suggest that endocytosis of endolymph is actively performed by the epithelial cells of the sac, and transepithelial vesicular transport across the epithelial cells occurs.

Acid Phosphatase↗
PubMed1995

Prevalence of appendectomy in Japanese families.

We investigated the prevalence of appendectomy in Japan to determine the tendency of familial aggregation on appendicitis using a large scale study. A total of 517 Japanese women (aged 20 to 45 years) served as the subjects and were questioned regarding their family history of appendectomy due to appendicitis. We compared the prevalence of appendectomy in children (subjects+their siblings) of three groups of families: (i) both parents affected; (ii) one parent affected; (iii) no parents affected. The differences between groups were statistically significant using contingency table and Chi-squared test. Our results suggest that about 40% of children with both parents affected, and about 20% of children with one parent affected may develop the disorder during childhood. This study may provide useful information in the nature of the development of appendicitis.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Vertical transmission of HTLV-I from a seronegative mother using the PA method.

The child was born when his mother was 23 years old. Her serum was negative for human T cell lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-I) using the gelatin particle agglutination (PA) method when she was 26.5 years. Three years later, she became seropositive for HTLV-I using both the PA method and ELISA. She had breast-fed her child for 3 years. The child was positive for anti-HTLV-I antibody at the age of 4.5 years. Vertical transmission of HTLV-I can occur in women with negative results from the PA method.

Agglutination Tests↗
PubMed1995

Vascular permeability of the stria vascularis and morphology of the endolymphatic sac in two types of experimental endolymphatic hydrops.

We produced two kinds of experimental endolymphatic hydrops. One was induced by obliteration of the endolymphatic sac (ES), and the other was induced by both systemic keyhole limpet hemocyanin immunization and secondary keyhole limpet hemocyanin challenge into the ES. The vascular permeability of the stria vascularis in acute and chronic phases was compared between both models by light and electron microscopy using the tracer method of horseradish peroxidase. Both models showed that the number of strial capillaries showing horseradish peroxidase leakage was significantly higher in the acute phase than in the chronic phase. In the acute phase, the ES showed acute inflammation in both models. In the chronic phase, extensive fibrosis occurred in the ES obliteration model, whereas the ES appeared to have a normal shape in the immunologically induced model. The mechanism of hydrops formation will be compared between the two models.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1995

[An autopsy case of immature teratoma with choriocarcinoma in the mediastinum].

The autopsy of a 28-year-old Japanese male patient, which revealed immature teratoma combined with choriocarcinoma in the mediastinum, is presented. The tumor, which was removed after chemotherapy, was localized in the superior-anterior mediastinum. Chemotherapy was performed several times after operation. However, HCG increased again, and a roentgenogram revealed metastatic shadows in both lungs. The metastatic tumors in the lungs showed only the choriocarcinoma.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

[Combined lung resection for advanced thoracic esophageal carcinoma].

We performed lung resection together with esophagectomy in 2 patients with advanced thoracic esophageal cancer. Both patients survived more than 2 years with no evidence of disease. The first case was a 60-year-old man who had a cancer lesion in middle of the intra-thoracic esophagus (Im) and the right lower lobe of the lung was involved. In March 1989, right lower lobectomy of the lung was performed with esophagectomy. Pathologic examination showed well differentiated squamous cell carcinoma invading the lung parenchyma and intrapulmonary lymph node. Postoperatively, 44 Gy of radiation and Peplomycin cancer chemotherapy was performed. The patient survived 51 months after surgery and died of chronic myelogenous leukemia. The second case was a 60-year-old man who underwent thoracic esophagectomy with resection of the involved pericardium and right lung in February 1992. Pathologic examination showed N3 lymph node metastasis. Postoperatively, the patient received 48 Gy of radiation and was free from cancer after 30 months. In conclusion, better surgical results are expected in cases of advanced thoracic esophageal cancer with lung involvement which can be completely resected en bloc with the primary tumor even in a3 cases than in those with aortic or tracheobronchial involvement.

Aged↗
PubMed1995

[Pneumothorax with reduced pulmonary function complicated by MRSA pneumonia: a case report].

The occurrence of pneumothorax in patients with compromised lung function or severe pulmonary disease may be fatal. We describe a 77-year-old patient with MRSA pneumonia complicated by pneumothorax and reduced pulmonary function. Although the patient was treated with drainage of the pleural cavity and nonsurgical pleurodesis, the pneumothorax could not be managed successfully. The patient underwent successful surgical treatment of the pneumothorax on 105 days after onset. The following factors must be considered in the surgical treatment of pneumothrax with reduced pulmonary function in patients with MRSA pneumonia: 1) When there is massive air leakage, adequate doses of VCM should be administered to prevent pyothorax, 2) when conservative treatment fails and surgical treatment becomes necessary, the operation should be instituted only when MRSA has been completely or almost completely eradicated so as to prevent the occurrence of postsurgical pyothorax, and 3) surgical intervention should be limited to what is necessary to repair the site of ruptured bulla; care should be exercised to preserve as much lung parenchyma as possible and to shorten the operation time.

Aged↗
PubMed1995

[A case of primary mediastinal teratocarcinoma in a young girl].

Primary malignant germ cell tumors of the mediastinum are rare neoplasm, almost always occurring in young adult males. This report described embryonal carcinoma in a 13-year-old girl. The patient was checked up at chest X-ray examination of middle-school pupils on June 1989, and was referred to us because of rapid enlargement of the shadow on October 1989. Chest rentogenograms on admission showed a large mass at the anterior mediastinum, and MRI also revealed a multicystic one extending to the right hemithorax and pressing the superior vena cava and the right atrium. Her serum AFP level was high at 211.1 ng/ml. At operation, on November 6, 1989, a large tumor (110 x 95 x 75 mm) was removed completely through median sternotomy. Histological study of the lesion revealed a wide spread of cystic mature teratoma containing some foci of embryonal carcinoma. Positive immunochemical reaction indicated the presence of AFP in these carcinoma cells. She was treated with 13 courses of anti-cancer chemotherapy by various combinations of CDDP, THP-ADR, VP-16, VCR, ACD, CPM, CBDCA, for one postoperative year. She showed clinical improvement and has continued to be free from recurrence now at 52 months after surgery.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

[A case of metachronous primary cancer of the lung, rectum and trachea].

We reported a metachronous primary triple cancer of lung, rectum and trachea. Patient was a 64-year-old male, who was admitted with a episode of bloody sputum. A chest X-ray and rentogen tomogram showed a irregularity and narrowing of the upper trachea. Transbronchoscopic biopsy specimen showed squamous cell carcinoma. December '92, trachea was resected in the length of five cartilages and end-to-end anastomosis was performed. Microscopic examination demonstrated a moderately differentiated squamous cell carcinoma with mediastinal lymph node metastasis. Therefore, he received a course of 30 Gy of radiation to the upper mediastinum after surgery. Three years before the tracheal resection, he had undergone left pneumonectomy for moderately differentiated squamous cell carcinoma of the lung. Nineteen months after the pulmonary resection, he had undergone low anterior resection of the colon for the rectum carcinoma.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1995

[Estimated production by the official inspection of coal-tar dyes (including dye aluminum lakes) in 1994].

The number of official inspection of coal-tar dyes and their lakes from April in 1994 till March in 1995 were 635 in total. The quantity which passed inspection amounted to 186 ton in Japan. The production of color in each month was summarised in Table 1, and by each producing company in Table 2. The food coal-tar dye produced in the largest quantity was Food Yellow No.4, occupying 40.7% in this period.

Chemical Industry↗
PubMed1995

[Treatment of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome with a mandibular positioning device and other nonsurgical modalities].

The therapeutic approach to a patient with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) must be individualized because of the heterogeneity in the pathogenesis of the disorder. Although nasal continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) is effective no matter what the pathogenesis, risk factors for this disorder should be identified in each patient. Nasal CPAP will be discussed by others. Weight loss is one of the best nonsurgical treatments of OSAS and it should be strongly recommended to obese patients with the disorder, even though only a few achieve satisfactory weight reduction. Sleeping in the lateral position or upright may be effective in some patients with OSAS. Acetazolamide, medroxyprogesterone, or protriptyline may also have a role in some patients, although the efficacy must be weighed against the considerable side effects. The cross-sectional area of the oropharynx measured by computed tomography in patients with OSAS was significantly lower than that in control subjects. Lateral cephalograms revealed a retarded mandible in many patients. A dental device designed to advance the mandible 2 to 7 mm and to eliminate the airway obstruction at the base of tongue was used in 20 consecutive patients (17 men and 3 women, average age 53.8 years) to treat the obstructive sleep apnea. The body mass index of the patients was 27.6 +/- 4.2 kg/m2 (mean +/- SD). The device moved the mandible forward (p = 0.038) and increased the airway space in the lower part of the oropharynx (p = 0.031) as assessed with lateral cephalograms. After nightly use of the device for 24 to 211 days, overnight polysomnography was performed for two nights: without the device for the first night and with it for the second night. The apnea index was reduced from an average of 30.7 to 18.5 events/hour (60.4% of the pretreatment value, p = 0.004). The number of desaturations (more than 5% decrease from the base line SaO2) decreased and the lowest level of SaO2 increased: from 26.5 to 14.4 events/hour (p = 0.009) and from 63.6 to 70.1% (p = 0.005), respectively. Not every patient improved sufficiently. Eleven of 20 patients were classified as good responders, because of a reduction in apnea index of at least 50% of the pretreatment value, and the remaining nine patients were classified as poor responders. Use of the device reduced the severity ratings of snoring and excessive daytime sleepiness not only in the good responders but also in the poor responders. No serious complications were observed. The mandibular positioning device is an effective treatment for some patients with OSAS. The effectiveness of the device should be predicted from polysomnographic and cephalometric data, and from CT measurements of the upper airway and other characteristics of the patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Marriage patterns among HTLV-I seropositive women in Japan.

A significantly higher percentage of asymptomatic HTLV-I seropositive pregnant women in the Kagoshima prefecture were married to men who were also born in that prefecture compared with seronegative women [138/166(83.1%), 221/306 (72.2%); P < 0.01]. A significantly higher percentage of the fathers of the seropositive women were born in the Kagoshima prefecture compared with the fathers of the seronegative women [152/166 (91.6%), 235/306 (76.8%); P < 0.01]. Additionally, a significantly higher seropositivity was found among pregnant women born in the Kagoshima prefecture who were married to men born in that prefecture compared with men born in other prefectures [5.8% (138/2374), 3.4% (28/819); P < 0.01]. Women born in other prefectures had a significantly lower seropositivity irrespective of the birthplace of their spouse [2.9% (12/418); P < 0.05, 3.0% (7/234)]. These findings indicate that HTLV-I seropositive women and their mothers chose their husbands from a smaller geographic region than seronegative women. This marriage pattern within an HTLV-I seropositive group may be one of the factors sustaining the present seroprevalence of HTLV-I.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

Risk of HTLV-I infection in Japanese women who are last in birth order.

The percentage of last-born women among pregnant women who were seropositive for human T-lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-I) significantly exceeded that among HTLV-I seronegative women (119/258 (46.1%): 89/251 (35.4%); P < 0.05). The findings suggest that last-born women are susceptible to HTLV-I infection. At least two possible interpretations of this birth-order effect are: (i) these last-born women were born to mothers who, on the average, were older than those of early-born women and, as a consequence, were more likely to have been seropositive and to have passed on HTLV-I to their daughters; (ii) husband-to-wife transmission of HTLV-I requires time to occur, so last-born women are more likely than early-born women to become infected.

Adolescent↗