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Biomedical subjects

M Uematsu

Publications and source records attributed to M Uematsu.

At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

Midsagittal cortical pathomorphology of schizophrenia: a magnetic resonance imaging study.

Forty schizophrenic patients and 17 normal controls underwent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain. All subjects were consenting males under 50 years old. Enlargement of the septum pellucidum in schizophrenics was confirmed. This finding was significantly related to a family history of the disorder. Although this study could not confirm a decreased frontal:brain ratio (FBR) in schizophrenics as reported by Andreasen et al. (1986), a negative correlation between FBR and negative symptoms was seen. No significant differences in other cerebral substructures, cerebellar vermis, or fourth ventricle of the midsaggital cut were seen between schizophrenics and normal controls. However, it is of interest that a small cerebellar vermis:brain ratio was associated with good therapeutic response to neuroleptics in schizophrenics. All these findings suggest that combining morphological changes in the brain as illustrated by MRI with clinical variables may provide a useful new approach to the subclassification of schizophrenia.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Residual masses on follow-up computed tomography in patients with mediastinal non-Hodgkin's lymphoma.

During the last 4 years we have treated four patients with extensive mediastinal non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL). None had extrathoracic disease and they were clinically stage I-II. All received intensive combination chemotherapy and radiotherapy resulting in good response. Nevertheless, when treatment was completed, computed tomography (CT) showed a residual mediastinal mass in all four patients, who have remained alive and well for more than 19 to 45 months after completion of therapy and without any supplemental treatment. The residual masses gradually regressed or resolved on follow-up CT, suggesting that they did not contain malignant components.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Computerised tomography in schizophrenia. Familial versus non-familial forms of illness.

Findings on CT and demographical or clinical data in 80 patients with DSM-III schizophrenia and 45 medical controls were evaluated. Multiple-discriminant analysis showed that the enlargement of the third ventricle and frontal and parietal atrophy could significantly predict the diagnosis of schizophrenia. Widening of Sylvian fissures and parietal atrophy differentiated familial schizophrenics of both horizontal transmission (who had affected siblings) and vertical transmission (who had affected parents or/and offspring) from non-familial patients. Parietal atrophy and a history of birth complications differentiated horizontal from vertical transmission. The CT findings together with some clinical characteristics could differentiate the three subgroups classified by the hereditary form; thus each of these subgroup may belong to a different disease entity, of a different pathophysiology.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[Clinical evaluation of clarithromycin in treatment of acute dental infections. Comparative double-blind study using josamycin as the control].

In order to objectively evaluate the usefulness of clarithromycin (TE-031, A-56268), a new oral macrolide antibiotic, in the treatment of acute dental infections, a double-blind comparative clinical trail was conducted using josamycin (JM) as the control drug. TE-031 was administered at a daily dosage of 400 mg in 2 divided doses, and JM was given at a daily dosage of 1,200 mg in 3 divided doses. The administration period was, as a rule, 7 days. A total of 302 patients were administered with the test substances (TE-031 and JM), and the clinical efficacy was evaluated by investigators for 284 patients and by a committee using a score method for 273 patients. Efficacy rates as evaluated by the investigators were 77.2% (105/136) in the TE-031 group and 69.6% (103/148) in the JM group. Efficacy rates as evaluated by the committee by the score method were 86.0% (111/129) in the TE-031 group and 80.6% (116/144) in the JM group. The differences between the 2 drug groups were not statistically significant. The investigators' evaluation of the clinical efficacy in the treatment of osteitis of the jaw gave an efficacy rate of 83.0% (44/53) in the TE-031 group and 64.7% (33/51) in the JM group. The efficacy rate in the TE-031 group was statistically higher than that in the JM group. Side effects were recorded in 7 patients (4.8%) in the TE-031 group and 3 patients (2.0%) in the JM group, while abnormal laboratory test values were detected in 3 cases each in the TE-031 and JM groups. None of these differences were statistically significant. The usefulness rates ("satisfactory" plus "very satisfactory" cases) were 73.9% in the TE-031 group and 70.3% in the JM group and were thus almost the same for the 2 drug groups. On the basis of the above results, TE-031 was concluded to be a useful drug in the treatment of acute dental infections and is expected to be able to achieve almost identical clinical efficacy as JM at only one-third of the usual dosage of JM.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1989

[Noninvasive evaluation of changes in stroke volume and left ventricular filling dynamics. Produced by atrioventricular interval manipulation].

To evaluate the effects of atrioventricular pacing interval on hemodynamics, we studied the changes in stroke volume and left ventricular filling dynamics in fourteen consecutive patients with implanted atrioventricular pacemakers using a Doppler echocardiographic technique. Twelve patients had sick sinus syndrome and 2 had complete atrioventricular block. Stroke volume was determined as the time-velocity integral of the pulsed Doppler recordings at the aortic annulus multiplied by the area of the aortic annulus obtained by 2-dimensional echocardiography. Left ventricular filling velocity was measured at the mitral annulus by the pulsed Doppler technique to provide the time-velocity integral of rapid filling (TVI-R) and that of atrial filling (TVI-A). No significant change in stroke volume was noted during the atrioventricular interval manipulation. TVI-R was greater with short atrioventricular intervals than that with the long atrioventricular intervals. On the contrary, TVI-A was greater with long atrioventricular intervals than that with short atrioventricular intervals. These results suggested that there is a compensatory mechanism in the left ventricular filling dynamics to keep the stroke volume constant despite the change in the atrioventricular interval. However, in patients with high atrial filling to rapid filling ratio (A/R), the stroke volume varied with change of atrioventricular interval, suggesting that the compensatory mechanism was not sufficient in such patients. We conclude that Doppler echocardiography is a useful, noninvasive technique to assess the changes in the hemodynamics produced by atrioventricular interval manipulation in patients with implanted atrioventricular pacemakers.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[Clinical evaluation of roxithromycin in odontogenic infection].

The clinical effectiveness and safety of roxithromycin (RU 28965, RU), a new macrolide antibiotic, were compared with those of josamycin (JM) using a double-blind method in the treatment of orofacial odontogenic infections. The diseases covered in this study were periodontal infections, pericoronal infections and osteitis of jaws. Drugs were administered for 3 to 7 days at daily doses of 300 mg (RU) and 1,200 mg (JM). A total of 270 cases was evaluated in this study. Results obtained are summarized as follows: 1. The clinical efficacy was evaluated through the judgement of doctors in charge of 247 cases (128 in the RU group and 119 in the JM group) and by a committee on the 3rd day of treatment in 243 cases (126 in the RU group and 117 in the JM group). Clinical efficacy rates according to the committee judgement were 78.6% for the RU group and 82.1% for the JM group. As for the evaluation through the doctors' judgement, they were 79.7% for the RU group and 73.1% for the JM group. There was no significant difference in clinical effectiveness between 2 groups according to these 2 methods of judgement. 2. Some side effects were observed in 4 cases (2.9% out of 136) treated with RU and in 3 cases (2.4% out of 126) treated with JM. No severe symptoms were observed. Abnormal changes in laboratory test values were noted among 7.9% in the RU group and 4.0% in the JM group. There were no significant differences in their safety between the 2 groups. 3. In terms of clinical usefulness, there were no significant differences between the 2 groups as well. From these results, it has been concluded that RU (daily dose 300 mg) is as effective as JM (daily dose 1,200 mg) in the treatment of orofacial odontogenic infections.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1989

[Pharmacokinetic significance of measurement of salivary penetration of protein-unbound pyridonecarboxylic acid antimicrobial agents].

The author attempted to determine the feasibility of monitoring blood concentration of antimicrobial agents by estimating blood levels of the agents on the basis of their content in saliva. Since it is difficult to determine drug tissue-penetration degree in humans, at present, tissue concentrations must be estimated from corresponding blood concentration. In the case of orally administered drugs exhibiting great individual differences in absorption by the gastrointestinal tract, frequent blood collection is required for blood-concentration monitoring. Noninvasive and very simple saliva collection, on the other hand, has already been used for monitoring concentrations of such drugs as carbamazepine and antiepileptics. PPA, ENX, NFLX, and OFLX are pyridonecarboxylic acid antimicrobial agents of great usefulness because of their expanded antimicrobial spectrum and their effectiveness even against gram-negative bacteria that exhibit no adequate response to other oral antimicrobial agents. After PPA, ENX, NFLX, and OFLX were administered orally to healthy volunteers, serum and saliva samples were collected. The samples were then centrifuged, deproteinized, and freeze-dried. 1. After the freeze-dried samples were dissolved to give tenfold to twentyfold concentrated solutions, levels of agents were bioassayed by means of the thin-layer-disc method. On the basis of the data obtained in this way, pharmacokinetic analyses were performed according to the one compartment model of Imoto and Yamaoka. A personal computer (NEC-8801, 9801) was used in drawing simulated curves. 2. Percentages of salivary as compared to serum concentrations were as follows: PPA (500 mg)-70, ENX (300 mg)-75, ENX (200 mg)-78, NFLX (200 mg)-35, and OFLX (200 mg)-105. Corresponding values for pharmacokinetic data were as follows: PPA (500 mg)-77.2, ENX (300 mg)-74.2, ENX (200 mg)-85.0, NFLX (200 mg)-30.0, and OFLX (200 mg)-91.6. Coefficients of correlation (r =) between salivary and serum concentrations in measured data were as follows: PPA (500 mg)-0.915, ENX (300 mg)-0.989, ENX (200 mg)-0.953, NFLX (200 mg)-0.887, and OFLX (200 mg)-0.886.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1988

Substance P involved in mental disorders.

1. This review clarifies the involvement of substance P (SP) in mental disorders, especially schizophrenia. One of the main SP pathways in the brain is the striatonigral pathway. SP applied in the substantia nigra activates the nigro-striatal dopamine system. 2. Administration of antipsychotic drugs decreased SP concentration in the substantia nigra. Some post mortem studies of schizophrenic patients showed elevated SP concentration in some brain regions. Effects of baclofen, a SP antagonist, on schizophrenic patients are uncertain. 3. SP may be involved in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

[Mitral valve prolapse: two-dimensional echocardiographic screening in apparently healthy students].

To elucidate the clinical features of mitral valve prolapse in apparently healthy young population, two-dimensional echocardiography was performed in the students (18-22 years) without documented organic heart diseases. Focusing on the systolic dislocation and configuration of the anterior mitral leaflet, a following two-dimensional echocardiographic criterion for grading prolapse was used: Grade I: subjects only with slight slip of the tip of the anterior mitral leaflet (AML) toward the left atrium, Grade II: those with considerable slip of the AML but keeping a normal convex shape in the leaflet body toward the left atrium, and Grade III: those with severe slip of the AML with its ballooning toward the left atrium. Among 2016 students examined, 1507 subjects (74.8%) were judged to be normal, 343 (17.0%) to be Grade I, 141 (7.0%) to be Grade II, and 25 (1.2%) to be Grade III. Of the 25 subjects in Grade III, 20 subjects underwent further examination including a questionnaire about the subjective complaints, physical examination, electrocardiograms at rest and during exercise, Doppler echocardiography and postural tests. Concerning the subjective symptoms, eight subjects had some complaints including chest pain, shortness of breath, dizziness, palpitation, fatigability and synocope, and four of the eight had more than three complaints. Mid-systolic click and a late systolic murmur were audible in four and funnel chest was observed in one. No specific findings were found by electrocardiograms. Mild mitral and tricuspid regurgitations were observed by Doppler echocardiography in four and nine subjects, respectively.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

[Long-term follow-up after tumorectomy and irradiation for breast cancer].

From 1968 to 1976, 31 patients underwent breast conservation surgery (tumorectomy) and irradiation. A review of the available pathologic slides has revealed that 11 of that number had definite breast cancer. Of these 11 patients, three experienced a relapse, one with local recurrence only, and two with distant metastasis, though one of these two also had a local recurrence. The patient manifesting a local recurrence only was salvaged by a mastectomy, while the other two with distant metastases have died. Survival and disease-free survival in these 11 patients were at least equal to the results of other Japanese patients of the same ages and stages who had undergone a halsted operation during the same period. As for the other 20 patients, either their pathologic slides were not available, or their diagnosis was equivocal or benign. None suffered a relapse. Cosmetic results were excellent in most patients, and there were no second malignancies in the treatment volume.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

[Cross-sectional visualization of regurgitant jet by color flow mapping to evaluate aortic regurgitation].

In the noninvasive evaluation of aortic regurgitation by Doppler echocardiography, flow mapping of the aortic regurgitant jet using the long-axis approach is of limited value in cases of combined mitral stenotic lesions. This is because the transmitral flow yields flow disturbances in the left ventricle, making it difficult to identify the extent of the aortic regurgitant jet. To overcome these limitations, the severity of aortic regurgitation was evaluated using the cross-sectional area of the aortic regurgitant jet at the level of the aortic valve as visualized by color flow imaging technique. The study population consisted of 16 patients with aortic regurgitation (10 with pure aortic regurgitation, five with superimposed mitral stenosis, and one with mitral valve replacement). Three normal subjects served as controls. The cross-section of the aortic regurgitant jet was visualized as a mosaic of yellow and blue in all patients with aortic regurgitation, but not in any of the controls. Planimetric measurements of the cross-sectional area of the regurgitant jet (J) and the aortic annulus area (Ao) were performed, and the Doppler parameter, J/Ao, was calculated. As a reference, the aortic regurgitant fraction (RF) was calculated from Doppler measurements of systolic aortic and pulmonary flows (AF and PF); RF (%) = (AF - RF)/AF x 100. The Doppler parameter, J/Ao, correlated well with the Doppler measurement of RF (r = 0.82, p less than 0.005), irrespective of the presence of associated mitral lesions. Thus, the cross-sectional area of the aortic regurgitant jet determined by color flow imaging technique would be a useful estimate of the severity of aortic regurgitation, even in the presence of associated mitral stenotic changes.

Adolescent↗