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Biomedical subjects

M Ueda

Publications and source records attributed to M Ueda.

At least 775 records · Page 43Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

Evidence that glutamate is released from capsaicin-sensitive primary afferent fibers in rats: study with on-line continuous monitoring of glutamate.

The aim of this study is to elucidate whether the excitatory amino acid glutamate is released from capsaicin-sensitive primary afferent fibers, and to compare the releasing effect of capsaicin on glutamate with that on substance P. The release of glutamate was measured using a fluorometric on-line continuous monitoring system, in which the immobilized glutamate dehydrogenase column was connected to an in vitro superfusion system. In the presence of 0.3 microM tetrodotoxin, 2-min application of capsaicin produced an increased outflow of glutamate, as well as an increase in the release of immunoreactive substance P from dorsal horn slices of the rat. The release of glutamate was concentration-dependently increased by capsaicin at concentrations in the range of 0.1-3 microM, and the release evoked by 10 microM capsaicin was not higher than that evoked by 3 microM. On the other hand, capsaicin at concentrations of 1-10 microM produced a concentration-dependent increase in the release of immunoreactive substance P, without effect at 0.1 microM. The amount of glutamate release evoked by 3 microM capsaicin was about 42.8 pmol.mg-1 protein, and 290 times that of immunoreactive substance P. The release of glutamate by 3 microM capsaicin was suppressed by the depletion of calcium from the superfusate. Capsaicin at 3 microM failed to increase the release of glutamate from the dorsal horn slices of the rats made an L4-L6 dorsal rhizotomy. These results suggest that capsaicin evoked the release of glutamate from primary afferent fibers in the dorsal horn and that glutamate may play an important role in pain transmission between primary afferent fibers and dorsal horn neurons.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Expression and localization of aminopeptidase N, neutral endopeptidase, and dipeptidyl peptidase IV in the human placenta and fetal membranes.

OBJECTIVE: Our purpose was to determine the distribution of membrane-bound cell surface peptidases, namely aminopeptidase N, neutral endopeptidase, and dipeptidyl peptidase IV in the human placenta and fetal membranes. STUDY DESIGN: Frozen tissue sections of the first-trimester chorionic villi, term placentas, and term fetal membranes were stained by indirect immunofluorescence with specific monoclonal antibodies. RESULTS: In the first trimester chorionic villi cytotrophoblasts expressed both neutral endopeptidase and dipeptidyl peptidase IV, but syncytiotrophoblasts expressed only neutral endopeptidase. Stromal cells in the chorionic villi expressed the three peptidases at various intensities. In the term placentas villous syncytiotrophoblasts expressed neutral endopeptidase weakly, and the villous stromal cells expressed large amounts of both aminopeptidase N and dipeptidyl peptidase IV but neutral endopeptidase weakly or faintly. In the term fetal membranes amniotic epithelial cells and chorion laeve expressed both neutral endopeptidase and dipeptidyl peptidase IV. Decidual cells in the decidua parietalis moderately or highly expressed aminopeptidase N. CONCLUSION: Three peptidases, aminopeptidase N, neutral endopeptidase, and dipeptidyl peptidase IV, are expressed by different cell populations in the human placenta and fetal membranes, suggesting their respective and important roles at the maternofetal interface.

Aminopeptidases↗
PubMed1994

Metastatic renal cell carcinoma arising in a native kidney of a renal transplant recipient.

We report a case of metastatic renal cell carcinoma arising in the native kidney of a renal transplant recipient. A 39-year-old man, who had undergone living renal transplantation from his mother at age 32, presented with complaints of paraplegia of the leg caused by a pathological fracture of the 3rd lumbar vertebra. The bone tumor was extirpated and pathological examination revealed metastatic adenocarcinoma. Abdominal computerized tomography showed a tumor in the right native kidney. Right nephrectomy and resection of the right 7th rib tumor were performed. Pathological evaluation demonstrated renal cell carcinoma of the right native kidney (pT2bpN0pV0M1, mixed cell type, grade 2). Postoperatively, cyclosporine was discontinued and natural interferon-alpha was given. The remaining bone metastasis had completely resolved with no significant sign of rejection 1 year after surgery.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Siblings with xeroderma pigmentosum complementation group A with different skin cancer development: importance of sun protection at an early age.

BACKGROUND: For patients with xeroderma pigmentosum (XP), strict protection from UV light exposure is the only way to prevent and retard skin cancer formation. OBJECTIVE: Our purpose was to learn how the timing of sun protection influences the clinical findings in patients with XP. METHODS: We studied two siblings with XP group A (XPA) who showed a significant difference in the age at onset of skin cancer development and in neurologic abnormalities. RESULTS: The elder sister had had her first basal cell carcinoma (BCC) at 13 years of age and had had multiple BCCs by 25 years of age. Her younger sister had her first BCC at 23 years of age. Neurologic impairment of the younger sister was much milder. The elder sister started strict sun protection at 4 years of age, whereas the younger began at 2 years of age. Analysis of the XPA complementing gene revealed that both patients had the identical mutation. CONCLUSION: In patients with XP the earlier sun protection begins the later skin cancer develops. Neurologic deterioration may also be reduced by earlier sun protection.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

SENCAR mouse skin tumors produced by promotion alone have A to G mutations in codon 61 of the c-rasHa gene.

SENCAR mice, developed by selective breeding for high susceptibility to skin carcinogenesis by initiation with 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene and promotion with 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA), form squamous papillomas in approximately 20% of animals treated repeatedly with TPA, without chemical initiation. DNA from eight skin tumors produced by a TPA-only protocol and four cell lines derived from these tumors was amplified by polymerase chain reaction and analyzed by discriminative oligonucleotide hybridization using oligomers specific for various c-rasHa gene codon 61 sequences. Five tumors and three cell lines had CAA (wild-type) to CGA mutations. In addition, one tumor had a CAA to CTA mutation, for a total of six of eight tumors having an activating mutation at this codon. Two tumors and one cell line had no codon 61 mutations detectable by this method. Since tumors derived from promotion-only protocols presumably originated from constitutively initiated cells, we examined tumor-free skins of untreated newborn and eight-month-old retired breeders and of 78-88-week-old SENCAR mice of both sexes, which were treated with TPA for 10 weeks starting at age 16-28 weeks and were untreated thereafter. Only the wild-type c-rasHa gene codon 61 sequence was seen, suggesting that the constitutively initiated cell population, if present, is below the limit of detection by this method.

9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene↗
PubMed1994

Intercellular adhesion molecule-1 and leukocyte function-associated antigen-1 are involved in protection mediated by CD3+TCR alpha beta- T cells at the early stage after infection with Listeria monocytogenes in rats.

To investigate the significance of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and leukocyte function-associated antigen-1 (LFA-1) in host defense against infection with intracellular parasites, we examined the effects of in vivo pretreatment with mAbs to ICAM-1 (1A29) and LFA-1 alpha (WT-1) on the protection against infection with Listeria monocytogenes in Fisher F344/N rats. Expression of ICAM-1 and LFA-1 alpha molecules on T cells in spleen, liver and peritoneal cavity of rats was down-regulated after i.p. administration with daily doses of 300 micrograms of either 1A29 or WT-1 for 10 days. The survival rate of rats inoculated with viable Listeria was significantly reduced by in vivo pretreatment with 1A29 together with WT-1 for 10 days but not by in vivo pretreatment with control mAb. The numbers of bacteria in the spleen in rats pretreated with both 1A29 and WT-1 were significantly increased on day 3 and day 6 after infection with 1 x 10(7) of viable Listeria corresponding to 1/30 of LD50 to normal rats. Thus, the resistance against listerial infection was severely impaired by combinational pretreatment with mAbs in ICAM-1 and LFA-1 alpha. As shown in our previous report, the early appearance of CD3+TCR alpha beta- T cells, presumably TCR gamma delta T cells, was evident in the peritoneal cavity and liver of control rats at the early stage after listerial infection, while this was suppressed at this stage in rats pretreated with both 1A29 and WT1.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Lack of low Km diazepam N-demethylase in livers of poor metabolizers for S-mephenytoin 4'-hydroxylation.

Metabolism of diazepam was studied in vitro to identify the forms of cytochrome P450 (CYP) responsible for N-demethylation (nordazepam formation) and 3-hydroxylation (temazepam formation), using liver microsomes obtained from extensive (EM) and poor metabolizers (PM) for S-mephenytoin 4'-hydroxylation. Involvement of at least two P450 forms in diazepam N-demethylation was suggested by a biphasic pattern in Lineweaver-Burk and Eadie-Hofstee plots from the EM, whereas a monophasic pattern was observed from the PM liver microsomes. The kinetic parameters for the N-demethylation in the EM group were: Km 1, 19.4 +/- 0.4 microM; Vmax 1, 0.27 +/- 0.04 nmol min-1 per mg protein; Km 2, 346 +/- 34 microM; Vmax2, 1.82 +/- 0.63 nmol min-1 per mg protein (n = 3, mean +/- SD). The PM group showed the mean values of Km and Vmax (Km, 319 +/- 30 microM; Vmax, 1.49 +/- 0.62 nmol min-1 per mg protein) (n = 3) similar to those of Km2 and Vmax2 in the EM group. An antibody raised against CYP2C9 (anti-human CYP2C) strongly inhibited diazepam N-demethylation in EM liver microsomes at a low substrate concentration (20 microM). However, the anti-human CYP2C showed no clear inhibition of N-demethylation in EM liver microsomes at a high substrate concentration (200 microM). Diazepam N-demethylation in PM liver microsomes was not clearly inhibited by the anti-human CYP2C at either the low or high substrate concentrations. These data suggest that different P450 forms mediated diazepam N-demethylation in EM and PM liver microsomes, respectively.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Antibodies↗
PubMed1994

Stable and strong expression of basic fibroblast growth factor in naevus cell naevus contrasts with aberrant expression in melanoma.

It has been proposed that basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) is an autocrine growth factor of melanoma cells, in contrast with normal melanocytes where bFGF acts as a paracrine growth factor. As this notion is mostly based on the different requirements for bFGF in cultures of benign and malignant pigment cells in vitro, we performed an immunohistochemical study to examine bFGF expression in vivo, using paraffin sections from naevus cell naevi (NCN) and malignant melanoma (MM). All the NCN (n = 7) showed strong and homogeneous expression of bFGF protein, whereas the primary MMs (n = 5) showed heterogeneous expression, with a population of negative cells. Metastatic MMs (n = 5) also showed heterogeneous expression, and had a greater population of negative cells. These results suggest that bFGF has some, as yet unidentified, role in the growth of benign NCN, and that overexpression of bFGF is neither a prerequisite for melanoma genesis nor for progression to metastatic MM.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1994

Living-related liver transplantation for fulminant hepatic failure in children.

Liver transplantation is increasingly accepted as a choice of treatment for fulminant hepatic failure (FHF) since it has been proved to significantly improve the survival rate in these patients compared with other therapeutic modalities. We have successfully performed a total of 76 living related liver transplantations (LRLT) three of which were for FHF. The first case was an 11-year-old boy with FHF due to an unidentified cause. He had required plasmapheresis a total of 24 times and haemofiltration to save his life before LRLT. He was transplanted with a left lobe (420 g) graft, calculated as 1.05% of his weight (40 kg). He recovered hepatic function uneventfully and was discharged from hospital after 7 weeks. The second case was a 13-year-old girl who developed FHF with grade III encephalopathy due to acute Wilson's disease, and was referred to us. She underwent LRLT with a left lobe graft (440 g), estimated as 0.95% of her weight (47 kg), which functioned well after surgery. The third case was a 13-year-old girl with grade II encephalopathy due to acute Wilson's disease. She was 27% obese with a body weight of 58 kg. She underwent LRLT with ABO blood group incompatibility with a left lobe (352 g), estimated as 0.80% of her weight (modified 44 kg). She was discharged with sensorimotor neuropathy due to vitamin B deficiency. The present results suggest that LRLT is feasible for FHF both clinically and ethically, and that a partial liver graft weighing around 1% of the recipient's weight can maintain the recipient's life. We limit the diagnostic indication for LRLT to chronic liver disease, since an urgent situation may affect a voluntary decision for the patient's parents to donate the partial liver. However, LRLT is thought to be an acceptable choice of treatment provided it is requested by the patient and family. Furthermore, it is a potential option for resolving the graft shortage in paediatric liver transplantation, being independent of cadaver donor availability.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

A case of testicular teratoma located in the opposite side of the upper abdominal wall.

We report a case of a testicular teratoma located in the opposite side of the upper abdominal wall. A 2-year-old boy presented with a non-palpable right testis and underwent right inguinal exploration for right cryptorchidism. During surgery, the tumor was found in the opposite side of the upper abdominal wall across the midline. Histological investigation of the tumor revealed a mature teratoma occurring in the intra-abdominal testis. No such case has been previously reported.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1994

M-VEC (methotrexate, vinblastine, 4'-epirubicin and cisplatin) combined with glycosylated recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (rhG-CSF) for the treatment of transitional cell carcinoma of urothelium: reduction in toxicity produced by rhG-CSF.

Forty-six patients with urothelial cancer were treated with a systemic chemotherapeutic regimen consisting of methotrexate, vinblastine, 4'-epirubicin and cisplatin (M-VEC) in conjunction with glycosylated recombinant human granulocyte colony stimulating factor (rhG-CSF); then 33 were evaluated for response. Complete response was observed in 7 patients (21%) and partial response in 13 (39%). As far as the toxic effects of this treatment are concerned, mucositis of a minimum grade and leukopenia greater than grade 3 occurred in 5% and 10% of the patients, respectively; there were no cases of nadir sepsis and drug-related death. Minor toxicity such as nausea vomiting occurred in 81% of patients, and no patient required either dose-reduction or a delay of more than 5 d before starting of the second cycle. Thus, it may be concluded that M-VEC chemotherapy combined with rhG-CSF is useful in the treatment of urothelial cancer, especially when used as a neoadjuvant.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Macrophage activation factors and cytokines in peritoneal fluid from patients with endometriosis.

Endometriosis is often associated with infertility, which might be a consequence of intraperitoneal macrophage activation and various immunological events related to it. To determine what triggers macrophage activation and what immunologic conditions occur in the peritoneal cavity of a patient with endometriosis, we measured the amounts of phospholipase A2, cholesterol fractions (HDL, LDL, and VLDL), interleukins (IL)-1 and 6, granulocyte-macrophage-colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF), and phosphatidylserine in peritoneal fluid. Peritoneal-fluid samples were collected during laparoscopy or laparotomy from 14 patients with endometriosis and from 11 patients with other diseases (5 with myoma uteri, 5 with benign ovarian cysts and 1 with a double uterus) as controls. With regard to phospholipase A2, there were no significant differences between the endometriosis group and the control group. LDL was significantly lower in the endometriosis group than in the control (p < 0.05). The levels of IL-1 and GM-CSF were similar in both groups; IL-6, however, was higher in 7 endometriosis patients with associated infertility than in the 9 non-endometriosis fertile patients. These findings suggest that inflammatory tissues are not related to the activation of intraperitoneal macrophages in endometriosis patients. Cholesterol fractions (HDL or LDL) might participate in macrophage activation in these patients, but this remains to be clarified. The high IL-6 levels observed in infertile endometriosis suggest that some immunological events that prevent patients from becoming pregnant take place in women with endometriosis-associated infertility.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Association between patient characteristics and treatment history, and toxicity associated with methotrexate, vinblastine, adriamycin and cisplatin (M-VAC) for advanced urothelial cancer.

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether patient characteristics and treatment history are associated with an increased risk of adverse side-effects resulting from combination chemotherapy. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A study was made on 71 patients with advanced urothelial cancer who underwent combination chemotherapy consisting of methotrexate, vinblastine, adriamycin, and cisplatin (M-VAC). Both the laboratory data and the toxic symptoms were evaluated from cycle 1 to cycle 3. RESULTS: A total of 168 cycles of treatment were performed. The mean value of the nadirs of the white blood cell counts showed a significantly lower level in cycle 1 than cycle 2 (P < 0.05). There were three deaths due to disseminated intravascular coagulation or sepsis resulting from severe myelosuppression. Factors related to the occurrence of myelosuppression were gender (female), poor performance status and previous treatment by radiotherapy. CONCLUSION: Special consideration should be given to the patient's background prior to application of this regimen.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Role of neuraminidase in the morphogenesis of influenza B virus.

When ts7, a temperature-sensitive (ts) mutant of influenza B/Kanagawa/73 virus, infected MDCK cells at the nonpermissive temperature (37.5 degrees C), infectious virus was produced at very low levels compared with the yield at the permissive temperature (32 degrees C) and hemagglutinating activity and enzymatic activity of neuraminidase (NA) were negligible. However, viral protein synthesis and transport of hemadsorption-active hemagglutinin to the cell surface were not affected. When the cell lysate was treated with bacterial NA, hemagglutinating activity was recovered but infectivity was not, even after further treatment with trypsin. It was found that ts7 was defective in transport of NA to the cell surface and formation of virus particles. Analysis of the genomes of non-ts recombinants obtained by crossing ts7 and UV-inactivated B/Lee showed that ts7 had the ts mutation only in RNA segment 6 coding for NA and the glycoprotein NB. Nucleotide sequence analysis of the RNA segment revealed that ts7 had four amino acid changes in the NA molecule but not in NB. We suggest that assembly or budding of influenza B virus requires the presence of NA at the plasma membrane, unlike influenza A virus.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1994

Cell compositions of coronary and aortic atherosclerotic lesions in WHHL rabbits differ. An immunohistochemical study.

This study investigated whether coronary atherosclerosis was different from aortic atherosclerosis in Watanabe heritable hyperlipidemic rabbits. Atherosclerotic lesions were immunohistochemically stained by using a monoclonal antibody for rabbit macrophages (RAM-11) and a monoclonal antibody for muscle actin (HHF35) and were also subjected to conventional staining. The areas of the major lesional components, ie, macrophages, smooth muscle cells, collagen fibers, and extracellular lipid deposits, were measured with a color image analyzer. The percent macrophage area in coronary lesions was significantly lower compared with aortic lesions at all stages (early fatty streak, transitional, and advanced), while the percent smooth muscle cell area and collagen area were significantly higher in early fatty streak lesions of the coronary arteries. In addition, the macrophage area/smooth muscle cell area ratio was significantly lower in coronary lesions compared with aortic lesions at all stages. In conclusion, coronary atherosclerosis had a small number of macrophages and was rich in smooth muscle cells, whereas aortic atherosclerosis showed the opposite features. These results suggested that the role of macrophages and smooth muscle cells in the initiation and/or progression of coronary atherosclerosis differs from the role of these cells in aortic atherosclerosis.

Aging↗
PubMed1994

A new monoclonal antibody (POG-1) detects a differentiation antigen of porcine granulosa and thecal cells and indicates heterogeneity of thecal-stromal cells.

To identify the differentiation antigen of ovarian cells, we raised a murine monoclonal antibody (POG-1 antibody) reactive to porcine granulosa and thecal cells in the ovary. Immunofluorescence staining showed that expression of the POG-1 antigen on granulosa and theca interna cells increased gradually in accordance with follicular development. The thecal cells just outside the basal lamina surrounding the follicles did not express the antigen, whereas some stromal cells around the theca externa layer in the large follicles did express it. These expression profiles indicated the heterogeneity of thecal-stromal cells and that the POG-1 antigen was a differentiation-related antigen of granulosa and thecal cells. Luteal cells also expressed the antigen. In organs other than the ovary, some endocrine and exocrine cells, such as Leydig cells and secretory cells of the breast, expressed the antigen. The POG-1 antigen was purified from granulosa cells by immunoaffinity chromatography. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis profiles showed that the antigen consisted of two specific proteins; the major one had a molecular mass of 77, and the other had a molecular mass of 81 kilodaltons. Analysis of the purified POG-1 antigen may contribute to understanding the differentiation mechanism of granulosa and thecal cells.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Cytokines stimulate dipeptidyl peptidase-IV expression on human luteinizing granulosa cells.

We have previously reported that dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPPIV) is a differentiation antigen for human granulosa cells that is initially expressed during corpus luteum formation. To investigate the involvement of cytokines in luteal cell differentiation, we examined the expression and activity of DPPIV in human luteinizing granulosa cells cultured in vitro. Human granulosa cells obtained from patients who had undergone in vitro fertilization were cultured for 7 days in the absence (controls) or presence of hCG (1 U/mL), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF alpha; 10 ng/mL), or interleukin 1-alpha (IL-1 alpha; 10 ng/mL). Flow cytometry showed that the percentage of cultured granulosa cells treated with TNF alpha and IL-1 alpha that was positive for DPPIV expression was significantly higher than that in controls (43.7 +/- 5.4% and 43.4 +/- 5.6%, respectively, vs. 21.7 +/- 3.5%; P < 0.01), whereas hCG treatment produced no remarkable difference in DPPIV expression (24.0 +/- 5.2%). The DPPIV activity of cells treated with TNF alpha and IL-1 alpha was also significantly higher than that of controls, whereas hCG treatment produced no significant difference from control values. These findings indicate that TNF alpha and IL-1 alpha stimulate DPPIV expression and activity in human luteinizing granulosa cells in vitro and suggest the involvement of cytokines in the differentiation of granulosa cells during corpus luteum formation.

Adult↗