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Biomedical subjects

M Uchida

Publications and source records attributed to M Uchida.

At least 307 records · Page 17Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

[The effect of intravenous injection of isosorbide dinitrate on the hypertension during general anesthesia: a multi-center controlled study].

The antihypertensive effect of intravenous injection of isosorbide dinitrate (ISDN) was evaluated in 137 patients undergoing elective surgery during general anesthesia [neuroleptanesthesia (NLA) or enflurane-nitrous oxide-oxygen-anesthesia (GOE)]. ISDN in dose of 20 micrograms.kg-1 or 40 micrograms.kg-1 was given as a bolus injection in 30 sec. ISDN produced a significant decrease in arterial pressure and central venous pressure; the maximum decrease was observed in 7 min after administration of ISDN. The antihypertensive effect of ISDN was dose-dependent, but there was no significant difference between two groups of patients given 20 or 40 micrograms.kg-1, or between those anesthetized with NLA or GOE. ISDN did not significantly alter heart rate, thereby causing a significant decrease in rate pressure product which reflects myocardial oxygen demand. The results suggest that a bolus injection of ISDN is a simple, practical and effective means of controlling hypertension during general anesthesia.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Antifungal activity of the new agent latoconazole in two tinea models.

In vitro and in vivo antifungal activities of the new imidazole derivative latoconazole ((+-)-(E)-[4-(2-chlorophenyl)-1,3-dithiolan-2-ylidene]-1- imidazolylacetonitrile, NND-318; CAS 101530-10-3) were studied in comparison with three major topical agents, clotrimazole, bifonazole and tolnaftate. The in vitro activity of latoconazole against dermatophytes was much stronger than that of any reference agent tested. Both the recently developed tinea pedis model and the conventional tinea model in guinea pigs were employed for evaluation of topical usefulness of latoconazole. The 1% solution or cream preparation of latoconazole was highly effective in both of the two tinea models and its 5 or more doses achieved almost complete mycological cure. However, both tinea models, especially the former, were considerably resistant to the therapeutic treatment of all of the reference drugs. These results suggest that latoconazole is a promising topical antifungal agent, probably applicable to the treatment of tinea pedis as well as other types of dermatomycoses.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

[Recent progress in the treatment of oral and pharyngeal cancer].

Today, in the treatment of oral cancer, combined resection and reconstructive surgery has shown marked progress. Especially, the surgical procedures of bone graft after mandibulectomy have been seen widespread application. In the treatment of nasopharyngeal cancer, adjuvant chemotherapy after therapeutic dose of irradiation indicates a better survival rate than radiation alone, and in advanced nasopharyngeal cancer, a wide resection is effective for cure. In the surgical treatment of hypopharyngeal cancer, by the immediate reconstruction of pharynx with jejunum, patients can eat orally in a short time. The most important problem in the treatment of head and neck cancer is development of effective chemotherapy against distant metastases.

Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols↗
PubMed1991

[The effect of extradurally administered analgesics on somatosensory evoked eyelid microvibration in rabbits].

We examined the effect of various analgesics administered lumboextradurally or intravenously on acceleration of the eyelid microvibration (EMV) due to reflex contraction which was evoked by electrical stimulation of the sciatic and ulnar nerve in rabbits. No significant difference in the inhibition of EMV was observed initially between the sciatic nerve and the ulnar nerve stimulated group after 2 mg of morphine, administered either extradurally or intravenously. However, greater inhibition of EMV by the extradural morphine than by intravenous administration of this drug was observed after 10 min in sciatic nerve stimulated and after 20 min in the ulnar nerve stimulated group. With the extradural administration of 0.05 mg fentanyl, EMV was inhibited more significantly in the sciatic stimulated group than in the ulnar nerve stimulated group. Intravenous administration of this drug failed to reveal any change in either sciatic nerve stimulated or ulnar nerve stimulated group. When butorphanol 0.5 mg or buprenorphine 0.05 mg was administered, no significant difference in the inhibition of EMV was observed between the drugs, regardless of the routes of administration or sites of stimulation. Extradural administration of ketamine 0.5 mg showed none of the inhibition of EMV in both the sciatic nerve stimulated, and the ulnar nerve stimulated groups. These results indicate that various analgesics administered into the extradural space produced characteristic actions depending on the pharmacokinetic properties of each drug, locally and/or generally. In conclusion, monitoring of EMV can be a useful procedure for evaluation of the effect of analgesics.

Analgesia, Epidural↗
PubMed1991

[Membranous glomerulonephritis probably related to bucillamine therapy in two patients with rheumatoid arthritis].

We describe here two patients with rheumatoid arthritis who developed nephrotic syndrome after administration of bucillamine, a novel antirheumatic drug developed in Japan. The nephrotic syndrome occurred after six months' and five months' treatment of bucillamine, respectively. The renal biopsy showed early phase of membranous glomerulonephritis (stage 1) in both patients. The first patient was a 64-year-old man who had received gold therapy for two years, and penicillamine therapy for eight months before bucillamine therapy. The nephrotic syndrome occurred after one year's cessation of the gold therapy and six months' cessation of the penicillamine therapy. The other patient, 57-year-old woman, had no history of gold or penicillamine therapy. Our experience suggests that membranous glomerulonephritis might occur in relation to bucillamine therapy.

Anti-Inflammatory Agents↗
PubMed1991

Renal failure with nephrotic syndrome: reversal with large doses of furosemide.

The present study documents the occurrence of renal failure in 4 nephrotic patients including 3 with minor glomerular lesions and one with membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis. One patient died of sepsis at 3 months after onset of the acute renal failure. In the remaining 3, forced diuresis employing albumin plus furosemide in increasing doses to 600 mg/day reversed the renal failure independent of corticosteroid therapy. All of the 4 patients showed characteristic findings consisting of a remarkably low fractional excretion of sodium and an unexpectedly low urine osmolality at the onset of acute renal failure, although they were rather hypervolemic. Our findings suggest that the occurrence of a low fractional excretion of sodium and low osmolality may provide a good index of an absolute indication for intensive weight reduction therapy such as high-dose furosemide in nephrotic patients with acute renal failure in order to reverse the acute renal failure.

Acute Kidney Injury↗
PubMed1991

[Fulminant hepatitis cured by plasma exchange in a patient with acute leukemia--a case report].

A 16-year-old male with acute myelogenous leukemia (M1) presented with fulminant hepatitis (massive hepatic necrosis). He achieved a complete remission with the administration of AdVP (doxorubicin, vincristine and prednisolone), and thereafter received consolidation or intensification therapy 5 times in combination with AdVP plus enocitabine. A bone marrow examination carried out before the 6th round of chemotherapy revealed a slight increase of myeloblast (7%). L-AdVP (including l-asparaginase in addition to AdVP) was administered with a good result. However, 13 days after the end of the therapy he complained of acute abdominal pain, headache and fever. The following day, his consciousness level became lower and severe jaundice appeared. The serum transaminase level highly elevated with PT and aPTT severely elongated. He was diagnosed as having fulminant hepatitis. Elevation of the titer of IgM-HBc suggested that the fulminant hepatitis was attributed to HBV, which was probably transmitted by blood transfusion done in the first induction therapy and stayed latent during immunosuppressive chemotherapy. After receiving 10 sessions of plasma exchange (3.2 l/day), he recovered, free from any major complications except posttransfusion hepatitis. In his serum taken at 1 month after the recovery of posttransfusion hepatitis, HCV (Chiron) antibody was detected. There have been few reports concerning fulminant hepatitis associated with acute leukemia. In this case, plasma exchange was very effective in treating fulminant hepatitis.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1991

[Peripheral blood involvement accompanied with hypercalcemia in the malignant lymphoma of iliac bone].

We reported a rare case of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of iliac bone which developed peripheral blood involvement associated with hypercalcemia. 42-year-old man was admitted to Fukui Medical School Hospital because of right iliac bone pain. An X-ray film of the pelvis disclosed the osteolytic change of right iliac bone. A CT scan of the pelvis showed soft tissue density tumors involved bilateral iliac bone. He had no superficial lymphadenopathy or organomegaly. Examination of peripheral blood and bone marrow did not show any abnormalities. Monoclonal immunoglobulin was not detected in serum. Examination of biopsied specimens from iliac bone tumor showed infiltration of round cells. Immunocytochemical analysis showed only MT-1 positive. He was treated with combination chemotherapy of vindesine, cyclophosphamide, prednisolone and pirarubicin followed by radiation therapy. But, there was no significant response. Following radiation therapy, he developed coma. Serum calcium was 9.8 mEq/l. The pathologic immature cells were found in peripheral blood. The bone marrow aspirates showed 63% pathologic cells. These cells expressed CD19, CD20, HLA-DR antigens. He was diagnosed as having leukemic non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, B-cell type, and was treated with combination chemotherapy. But he died of systemic fungal infection.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

[Analgesic effects of epidural morphine, fentanyl and lidocaine].

The analgesic effects of epidurally administered morphine 5 mg (group M, n = 15), fentanyl 100 micrograms (group F, n = 15), 2% lidocaine 60 mg (group L, n = 15) and normal saline (group S, n = 10) were investigated in 55 patients scheduled for abdominal surgery. Each drug was prepared in 3 ml solution and was injected though an epidural catheter introduced 3 cm cephalad into the epidural space at T10-11. Analgesic effects were assessed by changes in the dull pain sensation induced by electrical stimulation at 3 Hz through a pair of stainless needles which were placed subcutaneously at T7 and T10 dermatomes. In group M, analgesic effects at T10 were demonstrated in 12 of 15 subjects and the onset of analgesia was more rapid at T10 than at T7. The mean onset time of analgesia was 7.8 +/- 3.6 (mean +/- SD) min. There were 5 subjects in group F and 6 in group L who showed more rapid onset of analgesic effects at T10 than at T7, respectively. There were 2 subjects in group F and 5 in group L, with more rapid onset of analgesia at T7 than at T10. There were several subjects in group F and L with simultaneous onset of analgesia at T7 and T10. In group L, the mean distribution of analgesic area, confirmed with pinprick, was 5.2 +/- 1.9 (mean +/- SD) dermatomal segments. Hypercapnea, associated with somnolence, was frequently seen in group F. None of the subjects in group M, L or S showed such incidents. These results suggest that the main site of action of epidural morphine is located in the spinal cord while that of epidural fentanyl in the brain.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[Studies on intracellular kinetics of ara-C triphosphate in HL-60, human leukemia cells in relation to reasonable administration of ara-C].

To study the pharmacokinetics of 1-beta-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine (ara-C), which is one of the main drugs used in chemotherapy for acute leukemia, its intracellular metabolism was investigated using HL-60 cells derived from human acute non-lymphocytic leukemia. The concentration of the drug and its metabolites in the cells were serially determined and the following results were obtained. 1) The uptake of ara-C into HL-60 cell (1 X 10(7)/ml) was very rapid when they were incubated with 2 microM ara-C. The total intracellular ara-C content per 10(9) cells exceeded the ara-C concentration in the extracellular fluid at about 7 minutes after the start of incubation. It reached about 4 times higher than the extracellular concentration after 60 minutes. 2) Conversion of ara-C to the active form, ara-CTP, was also rapid. The intracellular concentration of ara-CTP was about 3 times higher than the ara-C concentration in the extracellular fluid after incubation for 60 minutes. 3) Total accumulation of ara-C in the cells was dependent on the extracellular ara-C concentration up to a concentration of 100 microM. The production of ara-CTP occurred in such a way that, when the extracellular ara-C concentration was lower than 10 microM, more than 90% of the uptake of ara-C was converted to ara-CTP, while at concentrations above 10 microM the efficiency at production (the ratio of total ara-C to ara-CTP production) was decreased. The maximum intracellular ara-CTP concentration was estimated to reach to 45 microM.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Arabinofuranosylcytosine Triphosphate↗
PubMed1990

[MR imaging of primary bone and soft tissue tumors].

MR imaging of 131 cases with pathologically confirmed primary bone and soft tissue tumors were studied. They included 44 bone tumors (25 benign tumors, 19 malignant tumors) and 87 soft tissue tumors (55 benign tumors, 32 malignant tumors). MR imaging was performed on 0.5T, superconductive magnet system. All tumors were evaluated with T1-weighted, T2-weighted and STIR images. In some cases, contrast enhanced MR imaging with Gd-DTPA was applied. MR imaging was proving to be a valuable technique in the evaluation of patients with primary bone and soft tissue tumors. MR imaging was superior to the other modalities in delineating the extent of the tumor and their relation to surrounding structures in all cases. However, plain radiography and CT were more useful for evaluation of calcification, ossification, cortical destruction and endosteal/periosteal reaction than MR imaging. Direct sagittal and coronal images from MR imaging added accurate assessment for the relation between the tumor and their adjacent structures. MR imaging was of limited value in distinguishing benign from malignant tumors with the demonstration of tumor structures only, especially soft tissue tumors. But in bone and soft tissue tumors which have specific morphologic features and intensity patterns, MR imaging was very useful for diagnosis.

Bone Neoplasms↗
PubMed1990

[Activities of enzymes converting 5-fluorouracil to 5-fluorouridine-5' monophosphate and 5-fluorodeoxyuridine-5' monophosphate in subcultured cell lines and solid tumor tissues].

The activities of five enzymes, orotate phosphoribosyltransferase (OPRTase), uridine kinase (UR kinase), thymidine kinase (TdR kinase), uridine phosphorylase (UR Prylase) and thymidine phosphorylase (TdR Prylase), were examined in subcultured human acute leukemia cell lines (HL-60, CCRF-CEM), subcultured human solid tumor cell lines (Colo-205, HeLa-S3) and human cancerous tissues with a view to compare the activation of 5-fluorouracil in them. There was no significant difference in the activity of any enzyme between HL-60 and CCRF-CEM, Colo-205 and HeLa-S3, and human lung cancerous tissue and human colon cancerous tissue. Compared between the acute leukemia cell lines and the solid tumor cell lines, the UR kinase activity was high in both cell lines. The OPRTase and UR Prylase activities were low in the solid tumor cell lines. In the cancerous tissues, both the UR kinase and TdR kinase activities were low, but the UR Prylase and TdR Prylase activities were markedly high. The results suggest that the intracellular activation of 5-fluorouracil varies with different human cancerous cells. When the anti-cancer activity of 5-fluorouracil is tested in vitro, the difference of fluoropyrimidine metabolism in subcultured cell lines from that in the cancerous tissue should be taken in account.

Fluorouracil↗
PubMed1990

[Clinical effect and pharmacokinetics of intermediate dose Ara-C therapy in a patient with acute non-lymphocytic leukemia with two CNS recurrences].

A case of two repeated CNS recurrences of acute non-lymphocytic leukemia (M2) was treated with intermediate dose Ara-C therapy and achieved 2 complete remissions. The clinical effect and pharmacokinetics of intermediate dose Ara-C therapy in this patient were discussed. A 55-year-old male with acute non-lymphocytic leukemia (M2) achieved complete remission by combination chemotherapy of Behenoyl-ara-C, Daunorubicin, 6-Mercaptopurine and Prednisolone in July, 1985. He subsequently received consolidation and intensification therapy with periodical intrathecal injection of Methotrexate (MTX), but 13 months later he developed his first CNS recurrence which was resistant to the intrathecal administration of Ara-C and MTX. As he also relapsed systemically, Ara-C was administered in intermediate dose (1 g/m2 every 12 hrs for 5 days) and he achieved complete remission both in the CNS and systemic manifestations. Six months later he was diagnosed as having a second CNS recurrence and another systemic relapse. Intermediate dose Ara-C was administered again, and he achieved complete remission in the CNS and partial remission in systemic manifestations. Pharmacokinetic study revealed high peaks of Ara-C concentration in plasma (6.2 microM immediately after the end of the infusion) and high degree of its penetration into the CNS (5.6 microM at 3 hr after the end of the infusion) suggesting the effective and perhaps a uniform level of Ara-C is achieved throughout the CNS by this therapy. In 3 other patients without CNS involvement 0.88 +/- 0.44 microM of Ara-C, which is enough concentrations for its cytostatic effect, was detected at 3 hr after the end of infusion, suggesting the efficacy of the therapy for CNS prophylaxis. In this case the relapse occurred after repeated administration of antileukemic drugs, including Behenoyl-ara-C, an analog of Ara-C, and was resistant to the intrathecal administration of Ara-C. These findings suggest that intermediate dose Ara-C therapy was effective to overcome a resistance to antileukemic drugs, including Ara-C, and also, in some cases, more effective than intrathecal injection of antileukemic drugs for the treatment of CNS leukemia.

Cytarabine↗
PubMed1990

Subretinal hemorrhages with or without choroidal neovascularization in the maculas of patients with pathologic myopia.

We examined 20 patients (24 eyes) who had refractive errors of -8 diopters or more and subretinal hemorrhages at the initial visit. They were divided into two groups according to fluorescein angiographic findings: 15 eyes without choroidal neovascularization (CNV) and 9 eyes with CNV. Subretinal hemorrhage without CNV was frequent in patients aged 20-39 years (mean, 36.8 years). CNV was common in patients aged 60-79 years (mean, 61.0 years). No relationship was noted between refractive error and type of hemorrhage. In the eyes without CNV, the subretinal hemorrhages disappeared spontaneously after a few months. The visual acuity of these patients was variable at the initial visit (range, 0.01-0.8), and was unchanged or improved during the follow-up period. In the eyes with CNV, the visual acuity was less than 0.1 at the initial visit and was unchanged or worse during the follow-up period.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Healing of acetic acid-induced gastric ulcer and gastric mucosal PGI2 level in rats.

The present study was designed to investigate the changes in gastric mucosal PGI2 level accompanying the healing of acetic acid-induced gastric ulcers in rats. The ulcers, which were observed with an endoscope, were found to undergo periods of decrease, healing and exacerbation during the rat's lifetime. The phases were categorized as follows: (1) the reduction period (days 3-50 after ulcer induction, corresponding to 7-14 weeks of age), (2) healing period (days 35-150 after ulcer induction, corresponding to 12-29 weeks of age), (3) first exacerbation period (days 35-231 after ulcer induction, corresponding to 12-40 weeks of age), (4) inactive period (days 231-365 after ulcer induction, corresponding to 40-60 weeks of age), and (5) second exacerbation period (days 365-550 after ulcer induction, corresponding to 60-86 weeks of age). In normal rats, the level of gastric mucosal PGI2 gradually increased with aging between 7 and 20 weeks, then decreased up to 40 weeks. The PGI2 level in the 60-week-old rat did not differ from that in the 40-week-old rat. The PGI2 level was the lowest in the 86-week-old rat. In ulcer-bearing rats, the PGI2 level showed the same pattern of change as that in normal rats, but the level was higher. The above results indicated a marked decrease in PGI2 level between 20 and 40 weeks of age and between 60 and 86 weeks of age in normal and ulcer-bearing rats. These periods corresponded closely to the first and second exacerbation periods, respectively.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Acetates↗