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Biomedical subjects

M U Khan

Publications and source records attributed to M U Khan.

70 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

Epidemiologic pattern of diarrhoea caused by non-agglutinating vibrios (NAG) and EF-6 organisms in Dacca.

Non-agglutinating vibrios (NAG) and a new organism (EF-6) caused a severe diarrhoea epidemic in Dacca in 1976 and 1977. The common NAGs detected were groups II, V and VII which were present all the year round with peaks in the spring and postmonsoon seasons, while EF-6 attained its peak in March. NAG and EF-6 diarrhoeas occurred all over the city. The NAGs and EF-6 infected males twice as often as females and EF-6 more often affected the age group 0-4. The secondary attack rates in contacts of NAGs ranged from 10% to 25%; there were none in the EF-6 affected families. Open sources of water were often contaminated with NAGs and occasionally with EF-6. About half of the isolates from contacts and water sources were of groups other than the index case. Water was thought to be the vehicle of transmission.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

The relationship of cholera to water source and use in rural Bangladesh.

The cholera experience of a sample of families in a rural area of Bangladesh is reported in relation to water supply and use. Tanks were the primary source for 65% of families, canals for 20% and the river for 14%. The highest attack rate was associated with access to canal water (13%). Attack rates did not vary markedly according to the purpose for which a source was used. The importance of cultural patterns in water use is identified.

Bangladesh↗
PubMed1980

Microbiological surveillance of intra-neighbourhood E1 Tor cholera transmission in rural Bangladesh.

The apparent failure of handpump tubewells to reduce the incidence of cholera among users in the flooded rural area of Bangladesh has stimulated interest in defining precisely the means of Vibrio cholerae transmission during localized outbreaks. Cholera-infected neighbourhoods were placed under intensive microbiological surveillance to pinpoint contaminated sources and subsequent infections. The results show that cholera transmission was via contaminated surface water, particularly water taken into households for cooking or drinking. Infections resulted from a daily dose not exceeding 10(5) organisms and the frequency of exposure appeared to be a major determinant of the infection rate. The importance of these data in environmental interventions and particularly in the provision of tubewells is discussed.

Bangladesh↗
PubMed1979

Effects of Substituted Pyridazinones (San 6706, San 9774, San 9785) on Glycerolipids and Their Associated Fatty Acids in the Leaves of Vicia faba and Hordeum vulgare.

The fatty acids of the major glycerolipids from the leaves of Vicia faba and Hordeum vulgare plants treated with three different concentrations of pyridazinone derivatives were analyzed. These compounds showed multiple effects on the levels of lipids and pigments. At low concentrations, the primary effect of San 9785 was on the level of linolenic acid (18:3) in the galactolipids of V. faba, whereas the effect of San 6706 was primarily on the trans-Delta(3)-hexadecenoic acid (16:1) content in phosphatidylglycerol. At higher concentrations, the two compounds reduced the content of both fatty acids in the leaves. The results appear to indicate a differential effect of these herbicides on fatty acid accumulation and a difference in susceptibility of two fatty acids in the species examined. Electron microscopic studies revealed that two herbicides caused different abnormalities in V. faba chloroplast ultrastructure.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1978

Distribution of a platinum anti-tumour drug in HeLa cells by analytical electron microscopy.

The distribution of Pt in HeLa cell sections after cell treatment with cis-Pt(NH3)2Cl2 dissolved in dimethylsulphoxide was probed by analytical electron microscopy. Primary targets were the nucleolus and the inner side of the nuclear double membrane. Even after solvolysis in dimethylsulphoxide the drug reached similar sites. It is suggested that cell death may be due to Pt inhibition at the initiation sites of DNA synthesis.

Cisplatin↗
PubMed1976

Effect of brain stimulation on aldosterone secretion in the rhesus monkey (Macaca Mulatta).

The lateral hypothalamus, and various sites within the limbic system and frontal lobe of the rhesus monkey brain were electrically stimulated using chronically implanted electrodes. A considerble increase in plasma aldosterone levels was observed after stimulation of the lateral hypothalamic area, certain localized sites in the cingulate area, and lower medial parts of the frontal lobe. Inactive sites included most of the amygdala, hippocampus, and basal ganglia, together with other areas within the frontal lobe and cingulate gyrus. Stimulation of all active areas was followed by an increase in plasma renin activity. Plasma cortisol also increased considerably after hypothalamic stimulation but in the case of extra-hypothalamic sites the cortisol response was much less.

Aldosterone↗
PubMed1976

Effect of adrenergic blockade and dexamethasone on the aldosterone response to brain stimulation in the rhesus monkey.

The increase in aldosterone and plasma renin activity (PRA) observed after stimulation of extrahypothalamic sites within the brain of the rhesus monkey was prevented by the prior administration of the beta-adrenergic blocking agent propranolol. alpha-Adrenergic blockade by phentolamine had no inhibiting effect. Propranolol only partially reduced the response of aldosterone to lateral hypothalamic stimulation in spite of inhibition of PRA; a partial reduction in aldosterone was also obtained from this site after dexamethasone treatment without any effect on PRA. It was concluded that the increase in aldosterone observed after extra-hypothalamic stimulation was mediated mainly through the renin-angiotensin mechanism whereas in the case of the hypothalamus, release of ACTH was also a contributory factor.

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone↗
PubMed1975

Galactolipid Synthesis in Vicia faba Leaves: I. Galactose, Glycerol, and Fatty Acid Labeling after CO(2) Feeding.

The galactose, glycerol, and fatty acids of mono- and digalactosyl diglycerides (MGDG and DGDG) have been separated and analyzed for (14)C activity after (14)CO(2) feeding of Vicia faba leaf discs. Fully expanded and developing leaves were analyzed at time intervals following feeding during continuous illumination. In addition, fully expanded leaves were analyzed after similar times in complete darkness. In all cases, (14)C was incorporated very rapidly into galactose, whereas glycerol and fatty acids were labeled much more slowly and over a longer period of time. The data are consistent with the galactosylation of a diglyceride to MGDG which is in turn galactosylated to DGDG. The data suggest that the formation of diglycerides suitable for galactosylation to MGDG is slow in comparison to the galactosylation process. It is also suggested that DGDG may be formed from more than one pool of MGDG. The complete analysis of the (14)C incorporation into galactose appears to represent the only satisfactory method of comparing galactolipid synthesis by (14)C incorporation. Estimates of comparative rates of synthesis of MGDG and DGDG have been made on this basis.

Journal Article↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Teething pattern and prevalence of dental caries.

A cross-sectional study was conducted on the children of 146 randomly selected families in Abha, Saudi Arabia. Counting of teeth and examination for caries teeth of children under 12 years of age were done by family visits. The results showed that no child developed teeth before 5 months. By 12 months there were on an average 3.3 teeth erupted per child, and by three years 18.8 teeth. At 12 years of age there were 24.4 teeth per child as compared to 28 in other countries. The DMF (decayed, missing and filled) index of children increased from 1.8 at the age of 4 to 5.1 at 7 and 5.2 at 10 years of age. The rate of caries teeth was higher than that in Australia, Great Britain, USA, India, China and Sudan. Further investigations on causes of high rate of caries teeth are recommended.

Child↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Factors influencing development of caries teeth.

A cross sectional study was conducted on the children of 146 randomly selected urban families of Abha, Saudi Arabia, to find out the common factors associated with caries teeth. The factors considered for association were per capita monthly income, sources of drinking water, consumption of soft drinks, daily brushing of teeth, daily consumption of candy, and the education levels of mothers. All children up to 12 years of age were examined by visiting their families. The results showed that the per capita monthly income, sources of drinking water and habit of drinking soft drinks had no significant relation with the prevalence rates of caries teeth in children. But the habit of nonbrushing of teeth daily, daily consumption of candies, and low or no education of mothers had significant association with the presence of caries teeth. Adequate health education of children about the ill effects of these practices and raising the educational levels of mothers and prospective mothers may contribute towards achieving dental health by the year 2000 as targetted by the World Health Organization.

Child↗