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Biomedical subjects

M Turner

Publications and source records attributed to M Turner.

At least 325 records · Page 18Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Day care homes: the "silent majority" of child day care.

Family day care--child day care provided in a private home other than the child's own--includes more children than any other mode of day care in the United States. Day care homes have traditionally cared for a large proportion of younger children, particularly infants and toddlers, who are most likely to contract and spread infectious diseases. The majority of homes are run on an informal basis and are neither licensed nor registered; a small minority of homes are regulated or operated under sponsorship of an umbrella agency. Homes generally have fewer children than do day care centers, and when children of different ages are cared for, they usually mix freely. Care givers in homes, especially in those that are not registered, are unlikely to have had child care-specific training. Parent fees in homes and centers appear roughly comparable, with fees in nonregulated homes generally lower than those in regulated or sponsored homes. It is difficult to compare the actual costs of child care in these settings. Results of the small number of studies comparing the occurrence of infectious diseases among children in day care centers, day care homes, and at home suggest that the rates of some infections may be lower in day care homes than in centers; this effect may vary by age and infections. Because of the large population of young ages of children involved in family day care, additional study and recommendations regarding infections in this setting are needed.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Acupressure as an adjunct to a pulmonary rehabilitation program.

BACKGROUND: Acupressure is a therapy in which gentle pressure is applied with fingers at specific acupoints on the body. It is reported to relieve pain and have other beneficial effects. This study was designed to ascertain the value of self-administered acupressure as an adjunct to a pulmonary rehabilitation program (PRP) for relief of dyspnea and other symptoms in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). METHODS: A single-blind pretest-posttest, cross-over design was used. Thirty-one new patients beginning a 12-week PRP at two private hospitals were randomly assigned to one of two groups. Patients in group 1 were taught acupressure and practiced it daily at home for 6 weeks, then sham acupressure for the following 6 weeks. In group 2, the order of acupressure and sham acupressure was reversed. During weeks 1, 6, and 12, patient dyspnea, other symptoms associated with COPD, activity tolerance, lung function, and functional exercise capacity were assessed. RESULTS: Real acupressure was more effective than sham acupressure for reducing dyspnea as measured by a visual analog scale (P = .009, one-tailed), and was minimally effective for relieving decathexis (P = .044, one-tailed). Sham acupressure seemed to be more effective than real acupressure for reducing peripheral sensory symptoms (P = .002, two-tailed), but the presence of these symptoms may also be an indication that the acupressure is affecting the body. CONCLUSIONS: Acupressure seems to be useful to patients with COPD as an adjunct to a PRP in reducing dyspnea. Some persons who are not initially familiar with traditional Chinese medicine can learn and will accept self-administered acupressure as part of their self-care.

Acupressure↗
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Recommendations for patients with chronic respiratory disease considering air travel: a statement from the Canadian Thoracic Society.

Patients with respiratory disease regularly seek the convenience of commercial airline travel. In addition to the stresses that all patients with chronic disease encounter, these patients are exposed to the affects of acute altitudinal hypoxemia. This in turn has the potential to produce significant symptoms and complications in-flight for patients with chronic respiratory disease. This article reviews the current literature, and seeks to help the practicing physician by providing recommendations on which patients should be assessed preflight, the type of assessment that should be carried out and recommendations for providing advice to these travelling patients.

Aircraft↗
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Labeled lectin studies of renal tubular dysgenesis and renal tubular atrophy of postnatal renal ischemia and end-stage kidney disease.

Renal tubular dysgenesis (RTD), with hypoplasia especially of renal proximal convoluted tubules and clinical neonatal anuria or oliguria, has been reported as a congenital familial (autosomal recessive) disease, variably with features of oligohydramnios, Potter syndrome, or pulmonary hypoplasia. A similar tubular lesion due to antenatal tubular atrophy has been reported for conjoined twins with twin-twin transfusion syndrome or acardia and in infants of mothers given antihypertensive agents, including angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, during pregnancy, and it has been seen as a unilateral lesion in young infants with renal artery stenosis due to arteritis or medial arterial calcinosis. The renal tubular changes in RTD are very like those of the "endocrine kidney" in experimental animals and resemble those of the renal tubular atrophy of end-stage kidney diseases such as glomerulonephritis, tubulointerstitial kidney disease, obstructive uropathy/pyelonephritis, graft rejection of transplanted kidneys, or the renal parenchymal changes seen with protracted dialysis therapy. Labeled lectins that differentially mark proximal convoluted, distal convoluted and connecting, and collecting tubules showed no distinctive differences in staining patterns of the hypoplastic renal tubules of infants and children with RTD, postnatal renal artery obstruction, or the various types of end-stage renal disease with the lectins used (PNA, GSLI, UEA, and LTA). The findings suggest that the renal tubular changes in some if not all the conditions studied are the result of renal ischemia. The reported familial RTD with hypernephronic nephromegaly may be a specific disorder, but other forms could reflect renal ischemia acquired in utero or in early or later postnatal life.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

What do Irish women know about cervical screening?

In anticipation of the launch of the national cervical screening programme, a questionnaire was distributed amongst 200 women on the maternity wards of the Coombe Women's Hospital. The questionnaires revealed that 24% of the women surveyed never had a smear test and 50% of these did not know how the test was performed. The majority of all women did not know what a smear test showed and 26% did not know the meaning of an abnormal smear. Irish women's knowledge of cervical screening is limited, and the success of the proposed programme will depend on an improvement in public information and education.

Adolescent↗
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Clinical case study.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Acetates↗
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Is there a relationship between HLA type and prognostic factors in breast cancer?

No convincing association exists between HLA type and breast cancer development but certain HLA types have been suggested to be associated with poor risk disease. Here, the HLA type (class I and II) for 141 breast cancer patients was compared to a control population of 100 individuals and to the prognostic indicators for the patients. No association was found between HLA type and breast cancer development. Consideration of individual HLA/prognostic factor relationships previously reported confirmed that HLA-B7 was over-represented in premenopausal oestrogen-receptor (ER)-positive, grade 3 tumours (p = 0.04) and that HLA-A1 correlated positively with Nottingham Prognostic Index (p < 0.05) and with ER-negative disease (p < 0.05). These findings suggest that some previously identified associations between HLA type I and particular prognostic factors may be real, if weak but appear to conflict with the only other sizeable study investigating HLA type II in breast cancer (which negatively correlated HLA-DR 11 with early onset disease).

Adult↗
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The purification of sporocysts and sporozoites from Eimeria tenella oocysts using Percoll density gradients.

A protocol is presented for the purification of sporozoites from sporulated oocysts of Eimeria tenella. Two Percoll density gradients are the basis of the purification. The first gradient is used after glass-bead grinding to purify undamaged sporocysts; 87% of the sporocysts loaded onto the gradient were recovered in the pellet. The second gradient is used after excystation to purify sporozoites; 98% of the sporozoites loaded onto the gradient were recovered in the pellet. The sporozoites are 99% pure with a final recovery of about three sporozoites per oocyst.

Animals↗
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The Fabella Syndrome.

The Fabella Syndrome is recognized by a sharp pain, local tenderness, and intensification of pain in the area of the fabella by full extension of the knee. After diagnostic tests with local anesthesia and ineffective conservative treatment, surgical extirpation may produce lasting relief of symptoms.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Babies born before arrival at the Coombe Women's Hospital, Dublin.

We report a study of all births occurring before arrival at the Coombe hospital from 1988-91 inclusive. Of the 27,554 babies weighing 500g or more, 106 (0.4%) were Born Before Arrival (BBA). BBA was associated was an increased perinatal mortality (p < 0.01) compared with hospital-born infants. Prematurity was the main contributing factor to the increased mortality. Analysis also revealed two distinct groups. The first was 14 women who had neither booked nor attended for antenatal care. Ten of these 14 were first time mothers, 13 were unmarried and 7 were under 21 [corrected] years of age. It is disturbing that in the 1990's young single expectant mothers fail to register for antenatal care. The second group was made up of 92 women booked for antenatal care: only 4 of these 92 were first-time mothers. Many of the multiparous women had a history of prelabour spontaneous rupture of the membranes but delayed coming into hospital. Improved antenatal education could potentially reduce the incidence of BBA and its adverse consequences.

Adolescent↗