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Biomedical subjects

M Turner-Warwick

Publications and source records attributed to M Turner-Warwick.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

Evidence in man of synergistic interaction between putative mediators of acute inflammation and asthma.

The two-component hypothesis of acute inflammation postulates that the acute inflammatory response depends on both increased local blood flow and increased microvascular permeability: the validity of this concept has previously been established in animals and was tested here in man. A mixture of the mediators prostaglandin E2 and bradykinin produces a larger cutaneous wheal (volume) response than can be accounted for either by summation of the responses to the individual substances or by the slopes of their dose-response curves. This enhanced response is inhibited by noradrenaline (consistent with the vasoconstrictor property of noradrenaline) and by salbutamol (consistent with the anti-permeability property of salbutamol). These observations indicate that the two-component hypothesis of acute inflammation applies to man as well as animals; this finding is important in the evaluation of the role of putative mediators in the pathogenesis of asthma and other diseases in which inflammation plays a part.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1982

Double-blind trials of inhaled beclomethasone diproprionate and fluocortin butyl ester in allergen-induced immediate and late asthmatic reactions.

The blocking effects of inhaled beclomethasone dipropionate (BDP) and fluocortin butyl ester (FCB) on the immediate and late asthmatic reactions induced by inhaled allergen were studied in two trials. In the first, a double-blind cross-over trial compared BDP (800 micrograms daily as powder) with FCB 8 mg daily (1:20 by wt.-Formulation 1). The second trial was identical in design and compared FCB 8 mg daily (1:20) with FCB 8 mg daily as Formulation 2 (1:40). Known BDP, 400 micrograms daily by pressurized aerosol was studied at the end of the second trial. Allergen provocation was performed before and after 7 days treatment with each drug, with a 2-week interval between each drug. Overall, a blocking index for the immediate reaction of greater than 50% was obtained in ten of twenty patients (50%) using BDP, and five of twenty-one (25%) using FCB (P less than 0.01). The late reaction was blocked in nine of eleven (82%) instances on BDP, and four of fourteen (33%) on FCB. Contrary to earlier reports, inhaled corticosteroid agents used for several days prior to bronchial challenge, were found to block both the immediate as well as the late reaction in many individuals.

Administration, Intranasal↗
PubMed1982

Atropine methonitrate and salbutamol in chronic airways obstruction: peak effect and duration of action.

The effects of atropine methonitrate and salbutamol delivered by wet nebulisation, separately and in combination, were studied in 22 patients with chronic airways obstruction. Atropine methonitrate 1.5 mg, 3.0 mg and 6.0 mg, salbutamol 2.5 mg, 5.0 mg and 10.0 mg and the intermediate dose of each agent in combination were used. Peak expiratory flow rat (PEFR), forced expiratory volume in 1 S (FEV1.0) and forced vital capacity (FVC) were measured. Improvement in the measured variables were greater after salbutamol, alone or with atropine, up to 3 h after inhalation, after salbutamol with atropine 4 and 6 h after inhalation, and after atropine, alone or with salbutamol, 12 h after inhalation. For all patients together there were no significant differences in the mean maximum PEFR, FEV1.0 or FVC that were achieved following atropine, salbutamol or both together. Salbutamol, 5.0 or 10.0 mg, and atropine methonitrate, 1.5 or 3.0 mg, were maximally effective in most patients and at these doses serious side effects were unusual.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Impaired antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity in cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis (synonym: idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis).

Mononuclear cells from the blood of 26 patients with the 'autoimmune' connective tissue disorder cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis (CFA) were examined in Chang cell cytotoxicity assays for their capacity to mediate antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC). The results showed an impairment for the group by comparison with a group of 45 normal healthy controls (P less than 0.01). The impairment was greater in patients with associated connective tissue disorders of other systems (CFA+CT) than in those having the lung disorder alone (lone CFA); (P less than 0.001). The reduction in ADCC showed a correlation with reducing counts of cells bearing Fc gamma G surface receptors (P less than 0.05), and with increasing levels of soluble immune complexes in the blood of these patients by C1q binding (P=0.05). Non-specific esterase staining indicated that the Fc gamma G rosetting cells were subpopulations of lymphocytes not monocytes. We therefore suggest that the observed ADCC impairment may be due to impairment of lymphocyte Fc receptor function, and we speculate that this may influence immune regulation.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

A comparison of antibody responses to Admune inactivated influenza vaccine in serum and respiratory secretions of healthy non-smokers, healthy cigarette-smokers and patients with chronic bronchitis.

Admune inactivated influenza vaccine was administered intramuscularly to 31 healthy subjects (18 non-smokers and 13 cigarette smokers) and 30 patients with chronic bronchitis. Homologous haemagglutination inhibition (HI) antibody titres were measured in serum and respiratory secretions over a three-month post-vaccination period. Clinical reactions to the vaccine were recorded during the week following vaccination. Among healthy subjects cigarette smoking did not influence HI antibody responses in serum and nasal secretion following vaccination. Chronic bronchitics produced at least as much serum and nasal antibody as healthy subjects and their sputum and nasal secretion antibody responses were comparable. Clinical reactions to the vaccine were mild and well tolerated in all groups but seven patients with chronic bronchitis (23%) experienced increased respiratory symptoms during the week following vaccination.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Different distributions of kinetically apparent molecular varieties of alpha 2-macroglobulin in health and in patients with cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis.

1. Proteinase inhibitors have been studied in whole serum by using a kinetic method that avoids potentially damaging protein separation procedures. 2. The alpha 2-macroglobulin of an individual can be allocated unambiguously into one of seven categories according to the binding of trypsin to inhibitor in two kinetically apparent binding modes (beta- and alpha-modes). 3. The distribution of alpha 2-macroglobulin beta:alpha ratios in a healthy adult population is defined, and shown to be independent of sex and age. 4. The distribution of beta:alpha ratios in a group of patients with cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis was found to be significantly different (P less than 0.005) from the normal distribution. 5. Changes in the beta:alpha ratio were noted in five of six patients with cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis after treatment, but on no occasion when two healthy subjects were assessed a total of nine times. 6. The molecular interpretation and the possible importance of altered proteinase inhibition in inflammation and fibrosis are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

A study of immunoglobulin G subclasses in patients with farmer's lung.

A quantitative estimate of the IgG subclasses in patients with farmer's lung has revealed significantly higher IgG3 levels in patients with this condition compared to an age-matched group of control farmers similarly exposed to Micropolyspora faeni (P less than 0.01) and a group of normal blood bank donors (P less than 0.001). The IgG1 and total IgG levels were significantly higher in both groups of farmers compared to blood bank controls (P less than 0.001). The possible significance of these observations is discussed in relation to susceptibility to the disease and its pathogenesis.

Adult↗