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Biomedical subjects

M Tsunoda

Publications and source records attributed to M Tsunoda.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

Cytogenetic analysis of human bile for mutagenicity and co-mutagenicity.

Cytogenetic analysis was used to test whether or not human bile induced chromosome abnormalities in lymphocytes grown in culture. Bile was obtained from gallbladders resected for various reasons such as cholecystitis, cholelithiasis, polypus and cancers of the biliary tract, stomach and pancreas. After adding human bile to a final concentration of 25 microliters/ml or 12.5 microliters/ml, the culture medium was incubated at 37 degrees C for 72 hr. Air-dried slides were stained with conventional Giemsa and the numerical and structural chromosome abnormalities were scored. Positive and negative controls in terms of chromosome abnormalities were established by using 0.03 micrograms/ml mitomycin C (MMC) and 0.9% normal saline, respectively. Cytogenetic analysis was successfully performed in 6 out of 10 bile samples (60.0%). Bile alone did not induce numerical or structural chromosome abnormalities. Structural abnormalities increased significantly in the 25 microliters/ml bile + 0.03 micrograms/ml MMC group, compared with the 0.03 micrograms/ml MMC group: 36.0% vs. 20.7% in the chromatid-type gaps and breaks, 27.8% vs. 22.7% in the chromosome-type gaps and breaks, and 8.3% vs. 3.2% in the exchange-type abnormalities. It is likely that the interaction between bile and MMC is synergistic rather than additive.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Effects of MCPA and other phenoxyacid compounds on hepatic xenobiotic metabolism in rats.

The effects of ethyl 4-chloro-2-methylphenoxyacetate (MCPA) and other phenoxyacid compounds on hepatic xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes were studied in male rats. These compounds were administered orally 200 mg/kg/day to the rats for 2 weeks. Both MCPA and clofibrate increased the hepatic level of cytochrome P-450. In the MCPA-treated group, the activities of aniline hydroxylase and 7-ethoxycoumarin O-deethylase increased by 15% and 1.5-fold, respectively. The free acid form of MCPA increased these activities more potently than MCPA. Both MCPA and its free acid did not change the activity of aminopyrine N-demethylase. A marked increase in the activity of aniline hydroxylase was noted in the 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid-treated group, whereas the aminopyrine N-demethylase activity significantly decreased in the same group. Clofibrate also increased the activities of hepatic microsomal cytochrome P-450-mediated oxidation tested, but to a lesser extent when compared with the effects of MCPA. These results indicate that MCPA may have a potent effect on the hepatic metabolizing enzymes in rats, and also that the induction of xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes may change when the chemical moiety of phenoxyacid compounds is modified.

2-Methyl-4-chlorophenoxyacetic Acid↗
PubMed1991

Effects of ethyl 4-chloro-2-methylphenoxyacetate on hepatic peroxisomal enzymes in rats.

Effects of ethyl 4-chloro-2-methylphenoxyacetate (MCPA) and clofibrate on the activities of hepatic lipid metabolizing enzymes in the peroxisomal fraction from rat liver were studied, and these drugs were found to potentiate the peroxisomal enzyme activity. The results imply that MCPA affects lipid metabolism as well as clofibrate.

2-Methyl-4-chlorophenoxyacetic Acid↗
PubMed1990

Selenium contents in human gallbladder bile.

The selenium contents in human gallbladder bile were analyzed. Thirty-seven subjects were studied; 22 patients with cholelithiasis in Niigata Prefecture and 15 patients (13 with cholelithiasis and 2 with gallbladder polypus) in Kochi Prefecture. Five ml of bile was withdrawn with a syringe from the gallbladder during the operation and stored at -20 degrees C until analysis. For the analysis by gas chromatograph with an electron-capture detector, 0.2 ml of sample was used. The mean selenium contents in bile were 269 +/- 39.0 (mean +/- S.D.) ng/ml for the subjects in Niigata and 285 +/- 84.4 ng/ml in Kochi; without significant difference. Of 37 samples analyzed, the mean content was 276 +/- 61.0 ng/ml.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[A rapid diagnosis (SK-013) for periodontitis based on the enzymatic activity of periodontopathic bacteria. The relationship between the enzymatic activity (SK-013) and B. gingivalis, B. forsythus, T. denticola in subgingival microflora].

SK-013 was developed for rapid detection of the peptidase activity in subgingival plaque samples. The purpose of this study was to determine whether SK-013 could be a marker for the presence of periodontopathic bacteria including Treponema denticola, Bacteroides gingivalis and Bacteroides forsythus which produce trypsin-like enzyme. Subgingival plaque samples were taken with 3 paper points from 10 clinically healthy sites and 30 periodontal diseased sites. The SK-013 activity of plaque sample was assayed and the cells of T. denticola, B. gingivalis and B. forsythus in the sample were counted by immunofluorescence technique. In diseased sites, both the SK-013 activity and the cell counts of these organisms were significantly higher than those in healthy sites. The proportions and cell counts of these organisms and the SK-013 activity were closely correlated with clinical parameters including Gingival Index, Plaque Index, and Probing depth. The correlation between the presence of these organisms and the SK-013 activity was significant. Correlation coefficients between the presence of T. denticola and the SK-013 activity were higher than those of others.

Bacteroides↗
PubMed1990

Clinical, microbiological, and immunological studies following initial preparation in adult periodontitis.

This study investigated the clinical, microbiological and immunological changes induced in adult periodontitis by initial preparation. Microflora in periodontal lesions was mainly examined by cultural methods, and serum IgG antibody levels were measured by an enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. Black-pigmented gram negative anaerobes, especially Porphyromonas (Bacteroides) gingivalis, was predominant in periodontal pockets with adult destructive periodontitis. Significantly elevated serum IgG antibody levels to P. gingivalis was found in high frequency, and these serum IgG antibody levels correlated with the presence of P. gingivalis in periodontal pockets, not with other bacteria tested. Total-CFU was significantly reduced and clinical conditions were improved after supragingival plaque control, but the microflora themselves showed few changes. Although reduction of total-CFU and changes in microflora were observed following scaling and root planing, it was found to be difficult to completely eliminate periodontopathic bacteria from periodontal pockets. Although serum IgG antibody levels to P. gingivalis was significantly reduced following initial preparation, the levels were still elevated from those of the controls. It was found that the presence of P. gingivalis was correlated with clinical conditions, including bleeding on probing and residual pocket depth following initial preparation.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Bactericidal effects on subgingival bacteria of irrigation with a povidone-iodine solution (Neojodin).

This study was undertaken to determine the optimal concentration of a povidone-iodine solution (Neojodin: NJD) for irrigation of subgingival pockets. Three different dilutions were prepared (undiluted, 20%, and 10%). Statistically significant reduction of total colony forming units (CFU) was shown after irrigation with undiluted NJD solution when compared to control sites. Although reduction was not significant after irrigation with 20% or 10% NJD solution, total CFU were reduced to less than 1% in several sites, which was not true with biological saline.

Bacteroides↗
PubMed1990

[In vitro synergism of two-drug combinations among cefamandole, flomoxef and imipenem against MRSA].

First of all, vancomycin (VCM) showed good antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus including methicillin-sensitive and -resistant strains. MIC90 of VCM was 1.56 micrograms/ml. Effects of different 2-drug combinations among cefamandole (CMD), flomoxef (FMOX) and imipenem (IPM), and activity of VCM alone were examined in vitro against 5 clinical isolates of methicillin-sensitive S. aureus (MSSA) and 22 isolates of methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA). In a checkerboard study, synergism was observed against 4 strains of the 5 MSSA and all 22 strains of the MRSA with IPM and CMD, FMOX and IPM, and FMOX and CMD combinations. Mean MICs of these combinations were as low as one-fourth to one-tenth as those of individual drugs.

Cefmetazole↗
PubMed1989

[Synthesis of thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidine derivatives and their antifungal activities].

4-Chlorothieno[2,3-d]pyrimidines were prepared by the chlorination of 4-oxo-3,4-dihydrothieno[2,3-d]pyrimidines with phosphoryl chloride. 4-Oxo-3,4,5,6,7,8-hexahydro[1]-benzo- and 4-oxo-6-phenylthieno[2,3-d]pyrimidine were synthesized by the cyclization of 2-acylaminothiophene-3-carboxamide derivatives with base. 2-Methyl-4-oxo-3,4-dihydrothieno[2,3-d]pyrimidine was prepared by the treatment of 2-methyl-4-trichloromethylthieno-[2,3-d]pyrimidine with sodium hydroxide in aqueous methanol. A series of 4-alkylamino- and 4-arylaminothieno[2,3-d]pyrimidines were synthesized by the nucleophilic substitution of 4-chlorothieno[2,3-d]pyrimidines with various amines. These compounds were evaluated for antifungal activity against Piricularia oryzae. The preventive effects on Rice blast, Sheath blight, and Cucumber powdery mildew were also determined by pot tests.

Drug Resistance, Microbial↗
PubMed1989

The 24 h-urinary excretions of albumin, beta 2-microglobulin and N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase activity in children with IDDM.

Microalbuminuria in diabetics is considered to be a sensitive indicator of early diabetic nephropathy. In this paper, 24 h-urinary excretions of albumin, BMG and NAG activity were measured in forty-one children with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Moreover, the relationships between the urinary excretions of these substances and various clinical parameters of diabetes were analyzed. The mean values (mean +/- SD) of 24 h-urinary albumin, BMG and NAG activity in the diabetic children were 8.0 +/- 10.6 mg/day, 61.2 +/- 69.0 micrograms/day and 1.87 +/- 1.30 U/day, respectively. No significant differences were found between diabetic children and normal controls for these mean values. Nor were significant correlations between the various clinical parameters of diabetes and the urinary excretions of any of these substances found. However, nine of the forty-one diabetic children (22.0%) had higher levels of these urinary substances than those (mean + 2SD) in normal controls. Screening of the 24 h-urinary albumin, BMG and NAG activity should be performed routinely in young patients with diabetes.

Acetylglucosaminidase↗
PubMed1988

[Development of breath detector for halitosis (1). Theory and method].

A Breath Detector was developed and its clinical application was investigated. It is very difficult to judge how one's own breath smells. The sense of smell is the most unreliable of the senses and has still not been scientifically clarified. Everyone who tried to accurately express the strength and the character of some smell will be puzzled to see the difficulty of expression. A smell on one's breath is actually impossible to expressed on the same scale as for weight or length. On a laboratory basis, it is certainly possible to clarify the concentration and the mass of some odor by using graphic or numerical values with Gas chromatography. However such measuring methods at laboratories are not available in our daily clinical life when it is required to check easily, anytime and anywhere. In consideration of the above, We believe that this Breath Detector with a built-in small special gas sensor will act a substitute for an analyzer, and that the device can express how strong the smell on one's breath is. Therefore we recommend Breath Detector as a product many patients have been waiting for.

Dental Devices, Home Care↗
PubMed1988

[Development of breath detector for halitosis (2). Clinical evaluation].

A breath detector was developed and its clinical application was investigated. 20 patients that included self-halitosis patients and periodontally diseased patients with halitosis were the subjects of this investigation. Measuring by breath detector was tried third time and most high score was taken for one's smell revel. The same time mouth air was analyzed by gas chromatograph. The amount of volatile sulphur compounds in mouth air was made a comparison between the two methods. The intensity of halitosis by olfactory panel were divided into four groups, (-) good, (+/-) slight, (+) warn, (++) severe. And we investigated that breath detector's judgement and olfactory panel were in agreement or not. A breath detector was very sensitive for volatile sulphur compounds as well as gas chromatograph. It was therefore concluded that breath detector seemed to be potentially useful in clinical objective evaluation of halitosis and periodontal diagnosis.

Dental Devices, Home Care↗
PubMed1987

Acute effect of TRH, flunarizine, lithium and zotepine on amygdaloid kindled seizures induced with low-frequency stimulation.

We assessed the acute effects of various drugs on amygdaloid kindled seizures induced with low-frequency stimulations. We used the number of stimulating pulses required for the induction of epileptic afterdischarge (pulse-number threshold; PNT) as an indicator of the seizure generating threshold and the duration of induced seizures (AD duration; ADD) as an indicator of the seizures. TRH increased the PNT without affecting the ADD at a high dose (1.2 mg/kg). Flunarizine decreased the PNT and ADD simultaneously at a high dose (50 mg/kg). Lithium increased the PNT without affecting the ADD at two doses (100 mg/kg, 200 mg/kg). Zotepine decreased the PNT without affecting the ADD at two doses (8 mg/kg, 16 mg/kg). We propose that the technique of low-frequency kindling is a useful experimental model in assessing the effects of antipsychotic or antiepileptic drugs on the excitability of the limbic regions.

Amygdala↗
PubMed1983

Atlantoaxial dislocation associated with neurofibromatosis. Report of three cases.

Atlantoaxial dislocation was found in three patients with neurofibromatosis. Roentgenographic findings included marked reduction of sagittal diameter at the C-1 vertebral level, and cervical spine abnormalities associated with mesodermal dysplasia, such as posterior scalloping of the cervical spinal bodies with dural ectasia and vertebral body deformity (vertebral body dysplasia). Although the relationship of the atlas and axis did not change with neck position, all three patients had progressive neurological deficits and were treated by decompressive surgery combined with fusion. The pathogenesis of atlantoaxial dislocation associated with neurofibromatosis is discussed.

Adult↗