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Biomedical subjects

M Tsuchiya

Publications and source records attributed to M Tsuchiya.

784 records · Page 44Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Alteration of mucosal immunity after long-term ingestion of an elemental diet in rats.

The effects of an elemental diet on lymphocyte transport in intestinal lymph and immune responses of gut-associated lymphoid tissue were investigated in rats. The control animals were fed a conventional diet. After 4 week of feeding, the total calorie intake and body weight gain showed no differences between the two groups. The number and total area of Peyer's patches and the ratio of height of villi to height of crypt showed no significant differences between the two groups. The rate of lymph flow in intestinal lymphatics showed no significant change in treated animals compared with the control rats. However, an elemental diet induced a significant decrease in lymphocyte flux in intestinal lymphatics compared with that in control rats. Lymphocyte subsets in intestinal lymph revealed a significant decrease in CD3-positive cells, especially CD4-positive cells in the elemental diet-treated group. A significant decrease in the number of immunoglobulin A-containing cells and a decreased CD4/CD8 ratio in T-cell subsets were observed in the lamina propria of ileal mucosa in the elemental diet-treated group by morphometric analysis in the immunohistochemical study. Specific antibody-secreting cells in intestinal lymph were also investigated after rats were intraduodenally primed with cholera toxin and challenged with the same toxin after an interval of 2 weeks. No significant difference was seen between the two groups in any of the numbers of anti-cholera toxin immunoglobulin-secreting cells in any immunoglobulin A, immunoglobulin G, or immunoglobulin M class as determined by the enzyme-linked immunospot assay.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Prediction of prognosis of patients with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy: a comparison of echocardiography with cardiac catheterization.

The prognostic values of indices obtained by M-mode and two-dimensional echocardiography (Echo) and by cardiac catheterization (Cathe) were assessed in patients with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy. Fifty-one patients with this disorder (38 males and 13 females) were studied for an average of 4.2 years. Of those, 24 died of cardiac causes during follow-up. The overall 5-year survival rate was 49%. Significant differences between the surviving patients and the patients who died were noted in the following indices measured by Cathe: left ventricular end-diastolic volume (LVEDV), left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP), ejection fraction (EF), and the cardiac index (CI). The 5-year survival rate in patients with the following index values measured by Cathe at the initial examination were: LVEDV greater than or equal to 150 ml/M2 - 29%; LVEDP greater than 12 mmHg - 35%, EF less than 30% - 21%, and CI less than 3.0 L/min/M2 - 29%. In contrast, the 5-year survival rate in patients with the following parameter values measured by Echo were: left ventricular end-diastolic dimension greater than or equal to 45 mm/M2 - 16%; left atrial dimension greater than or equal to 25 mm/M2 - 12%; ejection fraction less than 30% - 31%; and a relative wall thickness (a ratio of left ventricular posterior wall thickness to left ventricular end-diastolic dimension) less than or equal to 0.12 - 9%. In assessing the cumulative survival rate, the indices provided by Echo revealed similar values when compared with those obtained by Cathe. The relative wall thickness determined by Echo would be the most reliable parameter for forecasting the 5-year survival rate.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Recent advances in organ microcirculation research.

This review article dealt with progress in the research of gastroenterological organ microcirculation in Japan. It must be emphasized that this remarkable progress particularly in intravital microcirculatory observations at organ level is attributable to great improvement of microscopic devices combined with computerized system, development of new techniques for measuring microcirculatory blood flow and pioneering of a variety of fluorescent and isotope-labelled tracers. Little attention has been directed toward the fact that microvascular manifestations are perhaps the earliest signs of "cells and tissues" dysfunction in disease processes. The microvasculature undergoes a substantial remodeling not only in vascular wall structures, but also in network characteristics themselves especially in chronic disease. Those microvascular alterations in an organ system, which primarily originate in adaptations to the microenvironmental changes, would lead to the chronicity and self-perpetuation of disease. As has been noted in the IVth World Congress for Microcirculation organized by the Japanese Society for Microcirculation, which was held in Tokyo, July 26-30, 1987, further progress has been made in the research of organ microcirculation in the gastroenterological and other fields. It is the cornerstone for better understanding of the pathogenesis of organ diseases to clarify the earliest alterations in the microvasculature of an organ system from a combined aspect of microhemo- and microlymphocirculation using the newly developed techniques for microcirculation study.

Digestive System↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Incidence of herpes infection of the uterine cervix observed in cytologic specimens in the Tokyo metropolitan area.

In a high-volume cytology laboratory in the metropolitan Tokyo area, the incidence of cytologically diagnosed herpes infection in cervical scraping smears of the female genital tract was studied according to the year-by-year changes, age distribution, seasonal variation and types of cytologic alteration. The overall incidence over the 12 years studied was 0.007% (87 cases among 1,230,773 examined). The incidence varied from 0.003% to 0.005% in the early 1970s (except for 1973) and increased to 0.011% in the last three years (1980 to 1982). A large increase was noted in younger age groups in comparison with middle and older age groups. There was a tendency for the infection rate to be higher in the spring (0.011%) and lower in the fall (0.005%). Multinucleation and a ground-glass appearance were observed in the infected cells in almost every case while eosinophilic inclusion bodies were found in 20.7% of the cases.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Socket-cup arthroplasty.

Socket-cup arthroplasty gives a painless hip and allows a sufficient range of motion for the daily activities of the average patient. Arthrodesis and total hip replacement are clearly possible in the cases in which the operation is a failure. The procedure therefore is relatively conservative. There are 2 major causes of failure. One is atrophy and necrosis of the femoral head and neck covered by the cup. The other is loosening between the acetabular bone and cement in dysplastic hips. The results of clinical trials with socket-cup arthroplasty were disappointing. Reoperation by total hip replacement between 1--5 years after implantation (mean 3 years) was required for 7 of 12 cases. Failure was associated with fracture of the femoral neck secondary to osteonecrosis in one hip and with the loosening of the acetabular socket in 6 hips. To overcome these difficulties, improvements in materials, design and surgical procedure are necessary. The indication for the present designs and materials for socket-cup arthroplasty should be strictly limited.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Therapeutic potential of humanized anti-interleukin-6 receptor antibody: antitumor activity in xenograft model of multiple myeloma.

A xenograft model of human multiple myeloma (MM) was established in athymic nude mice using S6B45 cells whose growth is dependent on IL-6 in an autocrine fashion. S6B45 cells were inoculated s.c. into mice pretreated with 500 cGy X-ray and anti-asialo GM1 antibody. In more than 90% of the mice, a palpable tumor emerged within 30 days at the inoculation site. Histological observation of the tumor section revealed that the tumor mass was composed of two different phenotypes of myeloma cells, corresponding to plasmablasts and mature plasma cells. I.v. injection of more than 0.125 mg of mouse monoclonal antibody (PM1) against human IL-6R (hIL-6R) on days 1, 3 and 5 markedly delayed the time of tumor incidence. One mg of anti-hIL-6 antibody (MH166) also strongly inhibited the growth of S6B45, whereas control antibody (MOPC31C) and anti-hIL-6R antibody without neutralizing activity (AUK181-6) produced no significant effects. To reduce the antigenicity of PM1 in human, mouse-human chimeric PM1 (chPM1) with human IgG1 constant region and humanized PM1 (hPM1), human IgG1 with mouse complimentarity determining regions, were constructed and evaluated for their in vivo antitumor activity in our model. The in vivo efficacy of these recombinant antibodies (chPM1 and hPM1) was shown to be equivalent to that of the original PM1. These results indicate that the antitumor activity of PM1 is completely recreated in hPM1, and that blocking of the IL-6 signal by this humanized antibody could be a potent therapy for MM.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A humanized single-chain Fv fragment with high targeting potential against human malignant gliomas.

A humanized ONS-M21 antibody (hM21) against human medulloblastoma and glioma cells was engineered as a single-chain Fv fragment (scFv), and its ability to internalize into tumor cells was evaluated by conjugation with ricin A. The scFv of hM21 (schM21) was easily purified from E.coli by one-step affinity column chromatography. Purified schM21 bound to a medulloblastoma ONS-76 cell with almost equal antigen-binding activity of hM21-Fab fragment. Furthermore, the schM21-ricin A conjugate inhibited the growth of ONS-76 cells, but not that of antigen-negative hepatoma HuH-7 cells, suggesting that the schM21 can be internalized after binding to antigen-positive cells. Thus, schM21 could be expected to act as a novel carrier of diagnostic and therapeutic agents for brain tumors.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗