Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to M Tsuchiya.
The effect of acute administration of ethanol on endotoxin-induced liver injury was studied. Biochemical and histological results indicated that ethanol pretreatment protected endotoxin-induced liver injury through the improvement of hepatic blood circulation, which is probably associated with an inhibitory effect of ethanol on platelet functions and coagulation system.
Since we demonstrated previously that alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) is distributed predominantly in zone 3 of the hepatic acinus, we have investigated the usefulness of determinations of serum ADH activity in the assessment of hepatic injuries. The measurement of serum ADH activity appears to be useful for the detection of acute and early centrilobular hepatic damage, as deduced from the results obtained from experimental hepatic injuries produced by bromobenzene, hypoxia and acute administration of ethanol. Whereas serum ADH activity increased slightly after the generation of an acute ethanol load in rats which were given ethanol chronically, the hepatic content of ADH tended to decrease. Moreover, a rather selective reduction of hepatic ADH activity was found in zone 3 of the hepatic acinus. Thus, it is conceivable that chronic alcoholic injury to the liver may result in persistent release of ADH from hepatocytes resulting in a relatively low elevation of the level of the enzyme in the blood, rather than a sudden release of the enzyme leading to a sharp increase in the serum enzyme activity.
Respiratory burst of leukocytes was determined in Crohn's disease, intestinal Behçet's disease and ulcerative colitis by using chemiluminescence assay. Oxygen-derived free radicals of monocytes in Crohn's disease and those of polymorphonuclear leukocytes in intestinal Behçet's disease were significantly raised as compared with those of controls. In ulcerative colitis, respiratory burst activities of both polymorphonuclear leukocytes and monocytes were found to be highly associated with the disease activities. These results suggest that active oxygen species from leukocytes may participate in the formation of intestinal mucosal lesions in inflammatory bowel diseases via auto-oxidative process.
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Dynamic aspects of lymphocyte immigration into Peyer's patches were analyzed in rat small intestine using intravital fluorescence microscopy. Lymphocytes from intestine, lymph, and spleen were labeled with acridine orange in vitro and infused from the mesenteric artery of rats. There are three types of lymphocytes as characterized from their interaction with post-capillary venules of Peyer's patches immediately after infusion, and most of the lymphocytes passed through the microcirculatory bed without any interaction with venules. About 15 to 20 minutes later, the number of lymphocytes which stick to the Peyer's patches was increased and reached a maximum at 40 to 50 minutes. There was a difference in distribution pattern of infused lymphocytes between spleen cells and lymphocytes from intestinal lymph suggesting the complex control mechanism of lymphocyte migration into Peyer's patches.
A clinical statistic survey was carried out on the patients, diseases and operations experienced at our department between 1968 and 1986. In 1968, the urological department became independent from the dermato-urological department, and in 1981 the urological ward was established. The 19 years are divided in three periods; first period: 1968-1974 (7 years), second period: 1975-1981 (7 years), and third period: 1982-1986 (5 years). The total number of new outpatients during the 19 years was 50,443. They have gradually but steadily increased and have reached recently about 4,000 per year. The total number of inpatients was 3,422 (male: 2,561, female: 861). The proportion of the elderly patients, especially male, has remarkably increased and that of patients more than 60 years old was 44.9% of all inpatients in the third period. Among the major diseases of the inpatients, tumors has got most remarkable increase of its number and proportion. And among tumors, increases of benign prostatic hyperplasia, bladder cancer, prostatic cancer were prominent and at the third period the proportion of those three has reached 81.3% of all tumors. Percutaneous nephrolithotripsy (PNL) and transurethral ureterolithotripsy (TUUL) were introduced in 1985. Recently endoscopical operations such as transurethral resection (TUR), PNL, TUUL and so forth have become a large part of the urological operations.
Recently it has been reported that patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) often have thymus abnormalities, although the precise mechanisms which induce those abnormalities remain unclear. We have examined the effect of serum fractions from patients with UC and other colonic diseases on mouse thymus to clarify the possible existence of factors which have thymus growth activity. These fractions were separated from sera of patients with UC by gel filtration and anion exchange high performance liquid chromatography. In mice given UC serum fractions; (i) remarkable increases in weight and total cell number of the thymus were observed from day 4 to day 9; (ii) a significant increase in the number of peanut agglutinin (PNA)+ thymus cells was demonstrated using flow cytometry on day 9; (iii) on quantitative analysis of surface antigens the percentage of Lyt-2+ thymus cells decreased and that of L3T4+ thymus cells increased remarkably on day 13; the number of bright Thy-1.2+ cells and of dull Lyt-1+ cells increased. In contrast, the serum fractions from patients with other colonic diseases and from normal persons caused little change in mouse thymus throughout the study. The results suggest that factors fractionated from the serum of patients with UC disturb intra-thymic T cell maturation and enhance the proliferation of thymus cells.
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The authors examined spectrophotometrically the ability of drugs to bind with ocular acid-insoluble melanin. Each drug, at 5 X 10(-5) M, was incubated at 37 degrees C for 8 hr with 4 mg of melanin in 20 mM potassium phosphate buffer (pH 7.4 and 8.0) or in 20 mM acetate buffer (pH 4.8). The authors findings showed that chloroquine, thioridazine, befunolol, pindolol, daunomycin, and 5-fluorouracil bound to melanin (pH 4.8, 7.4, and 8.0). Methotrexate bound to melanin (pH 4.8 but not at 7.4 and 8.0). Pilocarpine, epinephrine, acyclovir, vincristine, and colchicine did not bind to ocular acid-insoluble melanin.
Between 1969 and 1985, 30 patients with carcinomas of the eyelid were treated by radiation, including 19 primary cases and 11 secondary cases. The latter were less controllable than the former. According to histology, there were 21 squamous cell carcinomas, 6 basal cell carcinomas and 3 adenocarcinomas. Among the 21 patients with squamous cell carcinomas, 5 had local recurrences, 10 had lymph node metastasis and 3 had distant metastasis. Patients with other histological classifications had no local recurrences, except for one who received incomplete therapy due to diabetes. Almost all of the controlled patients with squamous cell carcinomas were treated with a TDF value greater than 90. Although the visual function was damaged by radiation in seven patients, the lesions of 6 of them were too advanced to avoid radiation injuries.
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Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
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A new micro-glass-tube leukocyte adherence inhibition (LAI) assay which is appropriate for detecting delayed type hypersensitivity in vitro has been developed for human leukocytes. Enumeration of adherent cells is replaced by a cellular radioimmunoassay determining antibody binding of the monoclonal reagents, OKT4, OKT8 and OKM1, to glass-adherent cells, fixed by glutaraldehyde or formaldehyde. An LAI reactivity to purified protein derivative of tuberculin (PPD) was detectable in donors giving a positive PPD skin test with OKT4 reagent, but not with the other two reagents.
Two different cDNAs for human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) were isolated from a cDNA library constructed with mRNA prepared from human squamous carcinoma cells, which produce G-CSF constitutively. The nucleotide sequence analysis of both cDNAs indicated that two polypeptides coded by these cDNAs are different at one position where three amino acids are deleted/inserted. When the two cDNAs were introduced into monkey COS cells under the SV40 early promoter, both of them produced proteins having authentic G-CSF activity and some difference in the specific activity was suggested. A human gene library was then screened with the G-CSF cDNA and the DNA fragment containing the G-CSF chromosomal gene was characterized by the nucleotide sequence analysis. The human G-CSF gene is interrupted by four introns and a comparison of the structures of the two G-CSF cDNAs with that of the chromosomal gene indicated that the two mRNAs are generated by alternative use of two 5' splice donor sequences in the second intron of the G-CSF gene. When the G-CSF chromosomal gene was expressed in monkey COS cells by using the SV40 enhancer two mRNAs were detected by S1 mapping analysis.
The labeling of hepatic purines with [14C]glycine increased in the regenerating rat liver 12 hours after a 70% hepatectomy and it reached the 2.4 folds higher peak 12 hours after the surgical operation in comparison to sham-operated control. These observations suggest that the rate of de novo biosynthesis increases in the regenerating rat liver to supply purine ribonucleotides to the cells. In the regenerating rat liver the activity of amidophosphoribosyltransferase (ATase) significantly increased and reached the 1.8 folds higher peak than control 18 hours after surgery. Hepatic 5-phosphoribosyl 1-pyrophosphate (PRPP) concentration significantly increased and reached the 3.0 folds higher peak 12 hours after surgery. Although the mean hepatic concentration of ATP and GTP showed a 13 and 15% decrease respectively in the regenerating rat liver 12 hours after surgery, they were counterbalanced by the increased concentrations of AMP and GMP by 13 and 44% respectively. These results suggest that the increased rate of de novo purine biosynthesis in the regenerating rat liver is mediated by the increased enzymatic activity of ATase and by the increased concentration of PRPP.