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Biomedical subjects

M Tsuchiya

Publications and source records attributed to M Tsuchiya.

At least 343 records · Page 19Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

Effects of serine protease inhibitors on oxyradical burst from phagocytizing neutrophils--analysis by chemiluminescence counting and its microscopic imaging.

Reaction difference of oxyradical generation and luminol-dependent photoemission of zymosan- and phorbol ester-treated neutrophils were investigated using a conventional photomultiplier and ultrasensitive photonic imaging technique. Zymosan-treated cells released a concentrated photonic burst corresponding to the cellular distribution. In contrast, phorbol ester-treated cells produced a negligible level of photoemission, and the additional application of Ca2+ ionophore enhanced the photonic burst, which was gradually spread out into extracellular space. Serine protease inhibitors did not attenuate PMA-induced chemiluminescence but did attenuate zymosan-induced chemiluminescence. This suggests the involvement of serine protease in the respiratory burst of phagocytizing neutrophils.

Free Radicals↗
PubMed1989

Endotoxin-induced hypercoagulability: a possible aggravating factor of alcoholic liver disease.

The present experiments were designed to study the effect of chronic ethanol consumption on endotoxin toxicity. The intravenous injection of endotoxin produced a more pronounced increase of serum AST and ALT activities in chronic ethanol-fed rats, when compared to controls. The activities of hepatic mitochondrial enzymes, succinate dehydrogenase and cytochrome oxidase, were also distinctly decreased by endotoxin treatment in chronic ethanol-fed rats. Consistent with these biochemical alterations, light and electron microscopic examinations revealed severe liver injury after endotoxin injection in chronic ethanol-fed rats. Furthermore, the increase of blood BUN and creatinine levels accompanied by the degeneration of the renal tubulus and slight infiltration of neutrophils into the glomerule were produced by endotoxin treatment and were more conspicuous in chronic ethanol-fed rats than controls. Therefore, the biochemical and histological evidence indicates that endotoxin markedly potentiates organ injury after chronic ethanol consumption. In addition, a more pronounced decrease in blood antithrombin III activity accompanied by an increase in fibrin degradation product level in blood was recognized in chronic ethanol-fed rats receiving endotoxin, when compared to controls receiving endotoxin. This increase of blood fibrin degradation product level correlated well with the decrease of antithrombin III activity (r = -0.6116; p less than 0.005). These findings of blood antithrombin III activity and fibrin degradation product level indicate that the coagulation-fibrinolysis system is more activated by endotoxin treatment after chronic ethanol consumption. Furthermore, the activation of the coagulation-fibrinolysis system was well correlated with biochemical and histological alterations representing hepatorenal involvement.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Alanine Transaminase↗
PubMed1989

Protein-losing enteropathy in systemic lupus erythematosus. Observations by magnifying endoscopy.

We report a 35-year-old man with systemic lupus erythematosus and an associated protein-losing enteropathy that was most likely due to mesenteric venulitis or thrombosis. Evaluation of the patient's intestinal abnormality was aided by the use of magnifying endoscopy; the duodenal villi were lustrous and swollen and of various size, a pattern different from that previously described for intestinal lymphangiectasia. The patient was treated with corticosteroids, resulting in a good clinical response and return of the villi to normal shape and size.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

In vivo visualization of oxyradical-dependent photoemission during endothelium-granulocyte interaction in microvascular beds treated with platelet-activating factor.

Oxyradical-dependent chemiluminescence from granulocytes sticking to venular endothelium was successfully visualized in rat mesenteric microvascular beds treated with platelet-activating factor (PAF). Intravital photonic image intensifier microscopy revealed that topical application of PAF-acether (100 nM) caused remarkable granulocyte adherence on endothelial walls and the subsequent activation of a luminol-dependent photonic burst. Chemilumigenic sites clearly corresponded to the spatial distribution of sticking cells in post-capillary venules. The present findings thus serve as the first demonstration of an intravital oxidative burst of granulocytes on venular endothelium in PAF-induced microcirculatory disturbances.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Vasodilator actions of HA1077 in vitro and in vivo putatively mediated by the inhibition of protein kinase.

The in vitro and in vivo vasorelaxant effects of HA1077, 1-(5-isoquinolinesulphonyl)-homopiperazine HCl, a novel vasodilator were examined. The inhibitory effects of HA1077 on contractile responses to various agonists were examined on strips of rabbit aorta. The concentration-response curves to 5-hydroxytryptamine, prostaglandin F2alpha, histamine, angiotensin II, noradrenaline and dopamine were concentration-dependently shifted to the right in the presence of HA1077 (0.3-3.0 microM). The in vivo vasodilator effects of HA1077 were examined in the constant-pressure autoperfused coronary vascular bed of dogs. Intra-coronary administration of HA1077 (3-30 micrograms per dog) dose-dependently increased coronary blood flow (CBF), with no effect on mean blood pressure (MBP) or heart rate (HR). Intra-coronary infusion of atropine, propranolol or diphenhydramine did not modify the in vivo coronary vasodilator response to HA1077. To determine the flow profile for HA1077 in dogs, blood flow in four vascular beds was measured, by use of noncannulating electromagnetic flow probes. HA1077 (0.01-0.3 mg kg-1, i.v.) dose-dependently decreased MBP and increased vertebral blood flow (VBF), CBF, renal blood flow (RBF) and femoral blood flow (FBF). A haemodynamic analysis showed that continuous i.v. infusion of HA1077 (0.01 and 0.033 mg kg-1min-1) dose-dependently decreased peripheral vascular resistance and increased cardiac output. There were no significant changes in right atrial pressure, dP/dt or ventricular minute work. The effects of HA1077 on various enzymes considered to be related to the regulation of smooth muscle contraction were examined. HA1077 had little effect on cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases, yet it potently inhibited protein kinases such as cyclic nucleotide dependent protein kinases and Ca2+/calmodulin dependent myosin light chain kinase. The present study demonstrates that HA1077 is a novel type of arterial vasodilator.

1-(5-Isoquinolinesulfonyl)-2-Methylpiperazine↗
PubMed1989

Cefotiam disposition in markedly obese athlete patients, Japanese sumo wrestlers.

Markedly obese athletes like Japanese sumo wrestlers may frequently suffer various traumas which result in the prophylaxis or treatment of posttraumatic infection with antibiotics. However, appropriate dosage regimens in this group of patients have not been fully known for many antibiotics. Therefore, we studied the kinetic disposition of cefotiam, a parenteral, broad-spectrum cephalosporin with activity against gram-positive and -negative bacteria, after an intravenous dose (2 g) infused over 30 min into 15 sumo wrestler patients with an excess body weight (130 to 220% of ideal body weight) and 10 control patients with a normal weight (90 to 102% of ideal body weight). Mean (+/- standard deviation) clearance and steady-state volume of distribution were significantly greater in the sumo wrestler than in the control group (38.3 +/- 9.4 versus 23.5 +/- 6.0 liters/h, P less than 0.001, and 30.2 +/- 8.0 versus 17.9 +/- 6.1 liters, P less than 0.001). Mean elimination half-life was slightly but significantly longer in the sumo wrestler than in the control group (0.91 +/- 0.14 versus 0.74 +/- 0.20 h, P less than 0.05). However, mean residence time did not differ between the two groups (0.79 +/- 0.10 versus 0.75 +/- 0.14 h). The statistical differences in clearance and volume of distribution between the two groups disappeared when these kinetic parameters were corrected for body surface area, but not for total body weight or ideal body weight. The results suggest that the dosage calculation of cefotiam, a hydrophilic antibiotic, should be made on the basis of body surface area in morbidly obese athlete or sumo wrestler patients. However, whether this recommendation should extend to other nonathlete obese subjects remains to be determined.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Arterial infusion of combination therapy using dibutyryl adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate and mitomycin C for hepatocellular carcinoma occluding main portal vein: case studies.

Intraarterial infusion therapy combining dibutyryl adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate and mitomycin C was administered to 8 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma occluding the main portal vein. Three patients survived more than nine months, including 1 who has been well for forty-eight months with technical imaging showing complete regression. A decreased level of serum alpha-fetoprotein of more than 90% was obtained in 38% of patients. Causes of death included hepatic failure, rupture of esophageal varices, acute gastric ulcer, and cerebral hemorrhage. It is concluded that the combination therapy may be useful for HCC.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Thymic abnormalities and autoimmune diseases.

Autoimmune diseases such as ulcerative colitis (UC) and myasthenia gravis (MG) are frequently associated with thymic abnormalities. Thymus hyperplasia and/or thymoma have been demonstrated in all cases with both of these two diseases by pneumomediastinography (PMG). In the diseases of digestive organs from which we can easily obtain the local information through the endoscopic observation and biopsy specimens, lots of immunological abnormalities have been accumulated. Antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity mechanism has been demonstrated to play an important role in the mucosal destruction in UC. In the peripheral blood level of this disease, immunological abnormalities have been demonstrated such as the presence of lymphocytes sensitized by certain antigens, autoantibodies and disturbances of lymphocyte subpopulations. In the level of the thymus, the retrovirus has been detected in the thymus epithelial cells. The supernatant of thymus epithelial cell culture (STEC) has the capability of differentiating human bone marrow cells and of facilitating disease-specific immune abnormalities. Moreover, the serum factors (thymus growth factor) discovered in the patients with UC and MG, have been demonstrated to alter the thymic environments. Therefore, it is postulated that thymectomy is beneficial to exclude these abnormalities and it has been evaluated to be very effective in UC and MG clinically. From these observations, it is thought to be important to investigate the immunological abnormalities of autoimmune diseases from the viewpoints of three immunological levels, the level of disease-specific organ, the peripheral blood level and the level of the thymus. And it is important that the therapeutic plans should be decided in the consideration of the abnormalities in each immunological level.

Autoimmune Diseases↗
PubMed1989

Hepatitis B virus DNA integration in hepatocellular carcinomas and their adjacent non-neoplastic liver tissues.

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA integration was studied in 24 hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) tissues obtained at operations or autopsies. In 11 cases whose sera were positive for hepatitis B virus surface antigen (HBsAg), HBV DNA integration was demonstrated by Southern blot analysis. Only one of 6 cases whose sera were positive for hepatitis B surface antibody (HBsAb) but negative for HBsAg revealed the integration and the other 5 cases revealed no HBV DNA integration. HBV DNA amplification was noted in 4 of these 6 cases in which HBV DNA integration was found when compared with the adjacent liver tissues. The integration pattern of HBV DNA was different in one case between primary HCC tissue and a metastasized lymph node. It is suggested that HBV DNA amplification is not directly related to the development of HCC and that there are polyclonal tumor cells which have different patterns of virus genome integrations.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Prolylhydroxylase and collagenase activities in the healing of acetic acid-induced gastric ulcers in rats and the effects of cimetidine and elcatonin.

We examined the changes in prolylhydroxylase (PH) and interstitial collagenase (CA) activities in the healing of acetic acid-induced gastric ulcers in rats. Gastric ulcers were induced by subserosal injection of acetic acid, and confirmed by endoscopy on the third day. At the acute stage of ulceration, PH activity was not high but CA activity was increased. At the healing stage, PH activity was increased but CA activity gradually decreased to a normal level. Cimetidine did not effect PH activity but tended to increase CA activity in the healing. On the contrary, elcatonin increased PH activity but had little effect on CA activity. The above enzymes seems to be indispensable in the healing of gastric ulcers and effects of antiulcer agents on these enzymes must be considered.

Acetates↗
PubMed1989

Fluorescent histochemical study on the localization of myofibroblasts in the healing of acetic acid-induced gastric ulcers in the rat.

The changes in the localization of FITC-phalloidin-positive smooth muscle cells and interstitial cells were studied in control and acetic acid-treated rat fundic mucosae. In the control rats, the FITC-phalloidin-positive cells mostly corresponded to smooth muscle cells of the muscularis mucosae, and arteriolar and venular smooth muscle cells. On the other hand, the fluorescence of the smooth muscle cells of the muscularis mucosae disappeared and a large number of fluorescent interstitial cells appeared in the regenerated mucosal layer in rats one week after the acetic acid-treatment, while three weeks after the application, severely thickened fluorescent muscularis mucosae were formed.

Acetates↗
PubMed1989

[Radiation therapy in brain metastases].

From 1980 to 1985, 126 patients with a brain metastases from various malignant tumors were treated by hypervoltage irradiation with conventional fractionation at the Department of Radiotherapy at the Cancer Institute Hospital. The patients without an extracranial metastases or without neurological symptoms had a longer survival than did the other patients. Radiotherapy of more than 30 Gy improved the neurological functions and reduced the risk of death from the brain metastases. For long-term local control of brain metastases, whole brain irradiation with boost therapy for localized lesions may be a better treatment than other radiation methods and the total radiation dose required may be more than 50 Gy.

Brain↗
PubMed1989

Heat generation as an index of exhaustion of soda lime.

The wall temperatures of the absorptive chambers of a divided soda lime canister were measured in 70 patients to determine the relationship between the difference in temperature of the two chambers and CO2 passage through the first chamber. CO2 passage through the first chamber was detected when the temperature of the second chamber became equal to that of the first. A significant correlation (R = 0.94; P less than 0.001) was found between the magnitude of CO2 passage through the first chamber and the difference in temperature between the chambers. When the maximal absorptive capacity of soda lime was reached, the pH of the surface of soda lime granules was still too high to change the indicator color. Exhaustion of soda lime is more reliably recognized by measuring wall temperatures of the chambers than by observing color change of the soda lime granules.

Adsorption↗