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Biomedical subjects

M Trevisan

Publications and source records attributed to M Trevisan.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1998

Alcohol consumption and total estradiol in premenopausal women.

The present paper analyzes the relation between alcohol intake and serum total estradiol in premenopausal women while attempting to control or reduce several sources of variability of serum estradiol. Sixty premenopausal women were recruited, and alcohol intake was estimated by a semiquantitative questionnaire. Interviews, anthropometric measurements, and blood drawings (after overnight fasting) were conducted twice, 1 year apart. Both blood samples were obtained on the same day of the luteal phase of the cycle, in the same month and in the same hour and minute of the day. Samples from the first drawing were stored at -80 degrees C. Serum from both drawings was assayed simultaneously and in blind fashion. A significant association between alcohol intake and estradiol was found when estradiol was averaged across the two visits (Spearman's r = 0.29; P < 0.05). To control for intraindividual variability of estradiol over time, participants were then divided into tertiles of hormone distribution for each of the two sets of measurements and classified based on their consistency in estradiol across the two visits. Women showing consistently high estradiol levels at both visits were characterized by a significantly higher alcohol intake (92.8 g/week) in comparison with those showing consistently low estradiol at both visits (31.6 g/week). Furthermore, the prevalence of drinkers in the group with consistently high estradiol was significantly higher than in the group with consistently low estradiol. The present report indicates that drinkers seem to be characterized by consistently higher estradiol than nondrinkers, and that when the variability of estradiol in premenopause is considered, it is possible to identify a relationship between alcohol intake and estradiol.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Body mass index and mortality in a general population sample of men and women. The Buffalo Health Study.

The objective of this research was to investigate the long-term relation between body mass index (BMI) and mortality from all causes and from specific causes in the general population. A 29-year follow-up study was conducted in a random sample of white men (n = 611) and women (n = 697) aged 20-96 years who were residents of Buffalo, New York, in 1960. At baseline, height and weight were determined by self-report. BMI was calculated as weight (kg)/height (m2). During the follow-up period, 295 (48.3 percent) men and 281 (40.3 percent) women died. With the Cox proportional hazards model and adjustment for age, education, and cigarette smoking, a significant linear association was found between BMI and all-cause mortality in men less than age 65 years at baseline (relative risk (RR) = 1.06, 95 percent confidence interval 1.02-1.09), but not in women (RR = 1.02, 95 percent confidence interval 0.99-1.05). In men age 65 years and older, the relation was quadratic in form (p = 0.02), with the lowest risks appearing in the BMI range of 23-27. BMI was most strongly related to cardiovascular disease (CVD) and coronary heart disease mortality in women and younger men. No such associations were observed in older men. BMI was not related to an increased risk of death from non-CVD or cancer in either sex. These findings illustrate the importance of BMI as a risk factor for CVD and coronary heart disease mortality in certain gender-age groups and indicate that the majority of the impact of BMI on overall mortality is due to the strong relation between relative weight and these specific causes of death.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Oxidative stress and lung function.

It has been suggested that lung function can be altered by both free radical and oxidant exposure, while antioxidant vitamin intake is positively related to lung function. However, the information on the relation of blood levels of oxidants and antioxidants to lung function is sparse. The present cross-sectional study, conducted from September 1995 to May 1996, analyzes the association between lung function measured as forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) with 1) levels of thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances in plasma (p-TBARS) and in low and very low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL cholesterol/VLDL cholesterol-TBARS) as indicators of lipid peroxidation and 2) compounds with antioxidant activity, erythrocytic glutathione, plasma glutathione peroxidase, trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity, and serum bilirubin, which may protect against lipid peroxidation. The analysis was carried out in 132 nonsmoking subjects aged 37-73 years who were randomly selected from the residents of Erie and Niagara counties, New York. FEV1 in percent of the predicted value (FEV1%) was negatively and statistical significantly associated with p-TBARS (r = -0.19). A negative association with borderline statistical significance was observed between FEV1% with low density lipoprotein cholesterol/very low density lipoprotein cholesterol-TBARS (r = -0.16) and glutathione (r = -0.16), while FEV1% was positively related to serum bilirubin (r = 0.15). Participants in the lowest quartile of FEV1% showed significantly higher levels of p-TBARS (p = 0.02) and lower levels of bilirubin (p = 0.04) than did those in the highest quartile. Our results suggest that increased lipid peroxidation is associated with pulmonary airway narrowing in the general population.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Test-retest reliability of the cognitive lifetime drinking history.

A new measure of lifetime alcohol consumption, the Cognitive Lifetime Drinking History (CLDH) uses beverage-specific questions on drink sizes and assesses drinking patterns to enhance recall. Two methods of establishing drinking intervals were examined: 1) floating--the respondent's report of when drinking changed, and 2) fixed--defined in terms of decades. Test-retest reliability for lifetime ounces of alcohol consumed and times intoxicated in lifetime estimated at visits 1 week or more apart was assessed in postmyocardial infarction patients (n = 81) and controls (n = 138) who had had at least 12 drinks in a year during their lifetimes. No significant differences in estimates of lifetime ounces of alcohol or times intoxicated were observed. Spearman's r ranged between 0.85 and 0.92 for the floating and fixed versions of the CLDH administered at a single visit and between 0.74 and 0.85 for the floating or fixed administered at both visits. Time between visits did not influence correlations. Intervals reported on the floating CLDH were comparable for postmyocardial infarction patients and controls. It took approximately 5 minutes longer to administer the floating CLDH than the fixed CLDH. Findings support use of the CLDH for case-control studies and suggest that the floating and fixed versions would yield comparable results.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Baseline sodium-lithium countertransport and 6-year incidence of hypertension. The Gubbio Population Study.

BACKGROUND: Sodium-lithium countertransport (Na-Li CT) activity is high in persons with hypertension. This study investigated whether high Na-Li CT relates to development of hypertension. METHODS AND RESULTS: At the baseline visit of the Gubbio Population Study, 4210 people of the 5376 surveyed were 18 to 74 years old; of these, 1599 were hypertensive (systolic pressure > or = 140 mm Hg, or diastolic pressure > or = 90 mm Hg, or on antihypertensive drug therapy). Of the 2611 nonhypertensives, 302 did not have Na-Li CT measured and 580 did not participate in 6-year follow-up. This analysis, therefore, deals with data collected on 1729 men 18 to 74 years old and women 18 to 74 years old who at baseline were nonhypertensive and had Na-Li CT measurement. Compared with individuals who were nonhypertensive at baseline and follow-up, individuals with incident hypertension at follow-up (systolic pressure > or = 140 mm Hg, or diastolic pressure > or = 90 mm Hg, or on antihypertensive drug therapy) had higher baseline values of Na-Li CT, blood pressure, age, body mass index, plasma cholesterol, and alcohol intake (P < .05). Baseline Na-Li CT was positively associated (P < .05) with development of hypertension in quartile analysis, with highest incidence of hypertension among men and women with Na-Li CT in the highest quartile (for men, > or = 376 and for women, > or = 311 mumol Li-L red blood cells-1.h-1). In univariate logistic regression, incidence of hypertension was related to baseline value of Na-Li CT, blood pressure, age, body mass index, plasma cholesterol, and alcohol intake (P < .05). In multiple logistic regression analysis, individuals with baseline Na-Li CT higher by 127 mumol (pooled SD for men and women) had 1.23 times greater risk of incident hypertension with control for sex and baseline age, body mass index, systolic pressure, and other confounders (P < .001). CONCLUSIONS: Na-Li CT is a predictor of hypertension risk in adults.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

Elevated sodium-lithium countertransport activity in erythrocytes is predictive of the development of microalbuminuria in IDDM.

Pathogenetic mechanisms other than the quality of metabolic control may play a role in the development of diabetic nephropathy. Some cross-sectional studies have shown that elevated erythrocyte sodium-lithium countertransport (Na+/Li+ CT) activity may be linked to incipient or overt nephropathy in insulin-dependent diabetic (IDDM) patients. The aim of the present work was to ascertain if high erythrocyte Na+/Li+ CT activity anticipates the development of microalbuminuria in IDDM patients. Evaluation of this cation transport system was carried out in 159 normotensive, normoalbuminuric IDDM patients, who were divided into two groups: those with values above (Group A) and those with values below (Group B) the median level in the overall population (300 mumol/erythrocytes x h). A total of 79 patients in Group A and 80 in Group B underwent periodic examinations over a similar time period (5.2 years, range 3.3-7.4 years and 5.4 years, range 3.4-7.5 years, respectively). Median sodium-lithium countertransport activity was stable when evaluated after 2 and 4 years of follow-up. Only seven patients were excluded from the protocol because changes in their sodium-lithium countertransport activity placed them on the other side of the median value with respect to their baseline measurement. Thus, 152 patients completed the study (76 in Group A and 76 in Group B). Of the 76 patients in Group A, 17 developed persistent microalbuminuria (22.3%). The number of patients in Group B showing persistent microalbuminuria was significantly lower (4 of 76; 5.2%; p < 0.01). The sensitivity of erythrocyte Na+/Li+ CT in predicting the development of microalbuminuria was 85% and its specificity was 55%. Seven patients of Group A and five of Group B developed arterial hypertension. Subjects in Group A had significantly higher mean HbA1c values of twice yearly measurements than those in Group B (9.6 +/- 1.7 vs 8.3 +/- 1.7%, p < 0.002, mean +/- SD) despite similar daily insulin requirements. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure levels were also evaluated every 6 months and were significantly higher in the Group A than in the Group B patients, although on average within the normal range. The odds ratio for developing persistent microalbuminuria in IDDM with elevated baseline erythrocyte Na+/Li+ CT activity after adjustment for gender and baseline albumin excretion rate, and mean 6 monthly plasma creatinine, HbA1c and systolic and diastolic blood pressure levels was 4.2 (95% confidence intervals 2.0-11.1). It was also found that the percentage of offspring having both parents with Na+/Li+ CT activity above the median value was significantly higher in Group A than in Group B (Group A vs Group B: 35 vs 19%; p < 0.01). On the contrary the percentage of offspring whose erythrocyte Na+/Li+ CT was lower in both parents was lower in Group A than in Group B: 10 vs 38%, p < 0.01). Parents of Group A offspring had arterial hypertension more frequently than those of Group B. These results indicate that erythrocyte Na+/Li+ CT activity is a useful diagnostic tool in identifying normotensive, normoalbuminuric patients who may be predisposed to develop persistent microalbuminuria. This disorder in the cation transport system is associated with poor metabolic control, higher blood pressure, and male sex; it also appears to be, at least partly, genetically transmitted.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

Social network disturbances and psychological distress following earthquake evacuation.

The relationship between social network disturbances following earthquake evacuation and self-reported psychological distress (reduced version of the SCL-90-R) 3 to 4 years later was studied among 817 Italian male factory workers. Increased distress was reported by permanently relocated men, while those who were evacuated, but returned to their original homes, reported distress levels comparable to their nonevacuated co-workers. Additionally, among evacuated men, only those whose relocation placed them at an increased distance from family and/or friends reported distress levels higher than the nonevacuated. Change in visiting frequency with family and/or friends following evacuation was not related to distress. Although these data are correlational and cross-sectional, they are consistent with the hypothesis that disaster related distress is, in part, a function of resulting social network disruption.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Genetic stroke risk factors.

The development of modern molecular genetic techniques has opened up the study of how individual genes affect the risk of stroke. As the multiple genetic influences on stroke are slowly unravelled, the epidemiological basis of our understanding of the hereditary aspects of stroke will be complemented by a knowledge of the underlying molecular genetic risk factors.

Cerebrovascular Disorders↗
PubMed1996

Cycle initiation and colony formation in culture by murine marrow cells with long-term reconstituting potential in vivo.

This investigation was directed at separating long-term reconstituting (LTR) stem cells in normal murine marrow from hematopoietic precursors detectable in short-term assays in vitro and in vivo, and then at determining whether purified LTR cells could themselves form colonies in culture. To do so, it was first necessary to identify culture conditions that would induce their growth while preserving their long-term reconstituting capacity. Marrow was cultured with various cytokines in liquid suspension for 4 days, after which the surviving LTR activity was quantitated in a competitive in vivo assay. Activity was preserved near input levels with combined murine c-kit ligand (KL), interleukin-1 (IL-1), IL-6, and IL-11. When the cultures also included tritiated or unlabeled thymidine, LTR potential was eliminated, indicating that essentially all LTR cells were induced into cell cycle with these cytokines. To purify them, marrow was sorted on the basis of Ly6A expression and Rhodamine 123 retention. The Ly6AhiRh123ls fraction contained 85% of total recovered LTR activity but only 1% of the recovered cells measured by multilineage colony formation in spleens or in vitro. This fraction was cultured in methyl cellulose with KL, IL-1, IL-6, and IL-11 for 4 to 6 days, after which colonies were isolated and injected into mice. High levels of permanent reconstitution were achievable in sublethally irradiated W41/W41 mice after the injection of a single reconstituting unit, and limiting dilution analysis estimated the frequency of multilineage LTR at 1 in 11,200 unpurified adult marrow cells. In either lethally irradiated normal or sublethally irradiated W41/W41 mice, 1-year lymphomyeloid reconstitutions were obtained from 1 in 65 to 84 colonies of 2 to 16 dispersed cells, but not from larger colonies or those with clumped cells. The results establish that resting marrow LTR cells can be separated from almost all of the more advanced clonogenic cells that are still pluripotential, can be induced to cycle in culture by defined cytokines with preservation of their reconstituting potential, and can be manipulated and assayed efficiently at single-cell and colony levels.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Abnormal Na+/H+ antiport activity in cultured fibroblasts from NIDDM patients with hypertension and microalbuminuria.

An increased activity of Na+/H+ antiport has been reported in leukocytes and fibroblasts from insulin-dependent diabetic (IDDM) patients with nephropathy. To test whether a similar abnormality is present in fibroblasts from non-insulin-dependent diabetic (NIDDM) patients with microalbuminuria and hypertension, we examined intracellular pHi and Na+/H+ antiport activity, using the pH sensitive dye 2', 7'-bis (2-carboxyethyl-5(6)-carboxyfluorescein (BCECF), in cultured skin fibroblasts obtained from 34 NIDDM patients, divided into four groups based upon whether they had microalbuminuria or hypertension, or both: Group 1, nine NIDDM patients with microalbuminuria and hypertension. Group 2, nine NIDDM patients with hypertension and normal albumin excretion rate. Group 3, seven NIDDM patients with microalbuminuria and normal blood pressure. Group 4, nine NIDDM patients with normal blood pressure and normal albumin excretion rate. Nine normal subjects served as control group. Resting pHi was more alkaline in fibroblasts from Group 1 (7.22 +/- 0.03; p < 0.05), Group 2 (7.21 +/- 0.02; p < 0.05) and Group 3 (7.19 +/- 0.02, p = 0.17) than in Group 4 and normal subjects. This was due to higher Vmax values of Na+/H+ antiport activity in cultured fibroblasts from Group 1 (52.1 +/- 5.3 mmol H+/min; p < 0.05), Group 2 (57.7 +/- 8.3; p < 0.05) and Group 3 (60.6 +/- 7.4, p < 0.05) than those from Group 4 (31.2 +/- 3.6) or control subjects (31.3 +/- 3.5). The intracellular pH for half-maximal activation, Hill coefficient and buffering power capacity was similar in all the groups. These data suggest that in vitro phenotypic abnormalities of long-term cultured fibroblasts from NIDDM patients with microalbuminuria and/ or hypertension are likely to be, at least in part, independent of the degree of metabolic control in vivo and to be an intrinsic feature of these cells.

Albuminuria↗
PubMed1996

Sodium lithium countertransport and blood pressure. Longitudinal findings.

A significant and positive association between red blood cell sodium lithium countertransport (Na-Li CT) and blood pressure has been found in numerous studies. However, the majority of the studies presented to date are cross-sectional in nature and limited information exists on the longitudinal association between Na-Li CT and blood pressure. The present study analyzes the longitudinal association between Na-Li CT and blood pressure in 124 men participants in the Olivetti Heart Study and normotensives at the baseline examination. The Na-Li CT measured at the 12 year follow-up examination was analyzed in regard to the blood pressure changes over time during the 12 year follow-up. Na-Li CT (measured at follow-up examination) was positively related to changes over time in systolic pressure (r = 0.16) and diastolic pressure (r = 0.07) and changes in body mass index (r = 0.18). When blood pressure changes over time were analyzed by tertiles of Na-Li CT, the highest tertile group exhibited on the average significantly higher increases in systolic blood pressure compared with participants of the lowest tertile of the Na-Li CT distribution. This difference remained statistically significant after adjusting for the changes in weight observed during the 12 years follow-up. These findings indicate that the Na-Li CT distribution is related to blood pressure changes over time. However, the usefulness of Na-Li CT as a predictor of incidence of hypertension remains to be established.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Body fat distribution, peripheral indicators of androgenic activity, and blood pressure in women.

This report analyzes the association between blood pressure and three indicators of peripheral androgenic activity (PIAAs): body fat distribution, hirsutism, and sebum production. Furthermore, it analyzes the associations among these PIAAs to understand whether they are indicators of the same androgenic pattern. The study was conducted among 314 healthy women, aged 35-69 years, participating in the baseline examination of the Study of Hormones and Diet in the Etiology of Breast Cancer (ORDET), an Italian cohort study of breast cancer. Body fat distribution was measured as the ratio of waist-to-hip circumference (waist-to-hip ratio). Three hirsutism scores were developed by use of factor analysis after nine areas of androgen-sensitive, pilo-sebaceum units of the body were examined. Sebum production was measured by a sebumeter. Results indicated a positive correlation between the waist-to-hip ratio and the lip hirsutism score (r = 0.157). Conversely, sebum production correlated negatively with both the lip hirsutism score (r = -0.154) and the waist-to-hip ratio (r = -0.153). By use of multiple regression and with adjustment for age and body mass index, the waist-to-hip ratio was found to be positively and significantly related to both diastolic and systolic blood pressure, whereas sebum production was inversely and significantly related to both diastolic and systolic blood pressure. The facial hirsutism score was positively related to systolic blood pressure, while the limb hirsutism score was inversely and significantly related to diastolic blood pressure. Finally, interrelationships among these markers of androgenic activity were found to be weak, suggesting that these markers may be under the influence of local metabolism of the androgenic steroids. Further hormonal analyses are needed to determine whether PIAA measures obtained in epidemiological settings are useful in study of androgenic patterns and blood pressure.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Enhanced effects of insulin and angiotensin II on intracellular pH and free cytosolic calcium in fibroblasts from microalbuminuric patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.

1. Whether an alteration in cell membrane cation transport after exposure to insulin and angiotensin II (two important growth promoters that have been shown to be involved in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and hypertension) is present in cells from non-insulin-dependent diabetes patients with microalbuminuria, a known risk factor for cardiovascular and renal disease, is unknown. We therefore examined intracellular pH and calcium changes after acute exposure to insulin and angiotensin II in cultured skin fibroblasts from eight non-insulin-dependent diabetes patients with and eight others without microalbuminuria and from a group of seven matched, normal control subjects. 2. Cultured fibroblasts were loaded with 2',7'-bis(2-carboxyethyl)-5(6)-carboxyfluorescein acetoxymethyl ester or fura 2-acetoxymethyl ester for continuous monitoring of intracellular pH and free calcium concentrations respectively. 3. In quiescent growth-arrested cells, both intracellular pH and free calcium concentrations were similar in the three groups of subjects. Acutely, insulin induced a gradual alkalinization in all groups of patients. The pH increase was significantly greater in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus patients with microalbuminuria (delta pH +0.24 +/- 0.04 pH units) than in normoalbuminuric patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (0.08 +/- 0.02; P < 0.01) and normal control subjects (0.05 +/- 0.01; P < 0.01). Although the alkalinizing effect of angiotensin II was smaller than that obtained by insulin, intracellular pH increase after angiotensin addition was more pronounced in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus patients with microalbuminuria (delta pH +0.14 +/- 0.04 pH units) than in those without (0.08 +/- 0.02; P < 0.01) and in normal control subjects (0.02 +/- 0.02; P < 0.01). That the increase in intracellular pH was mediated by the sodium-hydrogen antiport was demonstrated by its dependence on the presence of sodium in the medium and its inhibition by amiloride. Whereas insulin addition did not evoke any significant increase in intracellular free calcium levels in fibroblasts from the three groups studied, angiotensin II evoked a fast and transient rise in intracellular free calcium that was higher in fibroblasts from microalbuminuric patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus than in cells from normoalbuminuric patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus and control subjects. In the whole population of patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, the increase in intracellular pH after exposure to angiotensin II was positively correlated with intracellular free calcium increase (r = 0.53; P < 0.05), suggesting a possible role of intracellular free calcium levels in the activation of the sodium-hydrogen antiport. 4. In conclusion, we have described an association between increased agonist-induced responsiveness of sodium-hydrogen antiport activity and the presence of microalbuminuria in patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. This increased responsiveness, persisting in cultured fibroblasts after several passages in vitro, suggests that in vitro phenotypic characteristics of fibroblasts are likely to be genetically determined and to be, at least in part, independent of the degree of metabolic control in vivo.

Aged↗
PubMed1996

Increased proximal sodium reabsorption is associated with increased cardiovascular risk in men.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the relationship between fractional lithium excretion (taken as an index of proximal sodium excretion), blood pressure and metabolic risk factors for coronary heart disease in a sample of a general white male population. DESIGN: A cross-sectional survey of a sample of a white male working population carried out as part of the Olivetti Heart Study. SETTING: The Olivetti factory in Pozzuoli, a suburb of Naples, Italy. PARTICIPANTS: Five hundred and sixty-seven untreated white male workers aged 21-68 years. MEASUREMENTS: Anthropometry, blood pressure, a blood test to determine the lipid profile, electrolytes, glucose and uric acid levels, a detailed questionnaire and urinary measurements on a fasting timed urine sample after a 300 mg lithium carbonate capsule taken the night before the investigation. RESULTS: The fractional excretion of lithium was inversely associated with body weight, body mass index, diastolic blood pressure, serum triglycerides level and serum uric acid level whereas it was positively associated with serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol level. The greater the percentage of filtered sodium reabsorbed at the proximal tubule the greater the overall metabolic cardiovascular risk. The association was consistent across tertiles of fractional excretion of lithium, was independent of age, smoking, alcohol consumption and sodium excretion (taken as an index of sodium intake) and persisted in multiple regression analysis. Men with high serum triglycerides, high serum uric acid and low serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels and higher blood pressure had significantly lower fractional excretion of lithium (and thus enhanced proximal sodium reabsorption) than did men with a normal metabolic profile (21.8 +/- 5.6 versus 26.5 +/- 5.1%, p = 0.002). CONCLUSIONS: The independent association between a cluster of risk factors for cardiovascular disease suggestive of insulin resistance and increased proximal sodium reabsorption at the renal tubule indicates a new feature of the metabolic syndrome that, if causal, could be amenable to intervention.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Sodium-lithium countertransport and blood pressure change over time: the Gubbio study.

Sodium-lithium countertransport activity in red blood cells relates to blood pressure (BP) and the prevalence of hypertension. This study investigated in adults the relation of sodium-lithium (Na-Li) countertransport to BP change from baseline to 6-year follow-up. In the Gubbio Population Study, 4210 men and women were 18 to 74 years old at baseline (1983-1986), and 3766 had a valid baseline Na-Li countertransport measurement; of these, 2729 were reexamined at 6 years of follow-up (1989-1992) and made up the study cohort. At baseline, data collection included age, height, weight, BP, pulse rate, drug treatment, alcohol intake, ratio of sodium to potassium in spot urine, plasma cholesterol, and Na-Li countertransport in red blood cells. At 6-year follow-up, data for age, BP, and drug treatment were collected as at baseline. From baseline, average BP declined for people on antihypertensive medication at follow-up and for those with baseline BP greater than or equal to 140/90 mm Hg (systolic/diastolic) and did not change or increased for the remaining participants. In quartile and correlation analyses controlled for sex, baseline BP, and antihypertensive treatment, BP change related significantly and directly to baseline Na-Li countertransport. In multiple linear regression analyses done for the entire cohort with control for other confounders, the regression coefficient of baseline Na-Li countertransport to BP change over time was positive and borderline significant. The Na-Li countertransport coefficient was positive and significant when analyses were done with the use of a categorical value of baseline Na-Li countertransport (quartile 4 and quartiles 1 through 3 combined). In both models, the Na-Li countertransport coefficient was the strongest for people with baseline BP greater than or equal to 120/80 mm Hg or for people with baseline age of 45 years or older. In conclusion, Na-Li countertransport significantly relates to BP change over time in adults.

Adolescent↗