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Biomedical subjects

M Tos

Publications and source records attributed to M Tos.

At least 397 records · Page 22Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Goblet cell population in the pathological middle ear and eustachian tube of children and adults.

On 64 temporal bones from slightly abnormal and pathological prematures and newborn infants, children, and adults, 35,000-40,000 counts of goblet cells were done in different parts of the Eustachian tube and middle ear. The goblet cells were present in all Eustachian tubes and middle ear areas. In ears previously exposed to infection the density was slightly increased in the tubal orifice and in most parts of the middle ear. In subacute and acute pathological actions, especially tubal occlusion, and chronic diseases, such as active chronic otitis and in secretory otitis media, the goblet-cell density is appreciably increased.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Comparison of computer tomography and translabyrinthine surgery in the assessment of acoustic neurinoma.

In a series of 53 acoustic neurinomas removed by translabyrinthine surgery, measurement technique focused on maximum tumor size estimated with computed tomography (CT) compared with maximum size determined at surgery. Fifty-three tumors varying in size and location were evaluated. Ten small tumor not found with initial CT were identified at CT revision. Of the 34% which could not be seen with CT, all but two were less than 15 mm in diameter, indicating a lower limit for CT detection of 15 mm.

False Negative Reactions↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Pathogenesis and pathology of chronic secretory otitis media.

Secretory otitis media is divided into three stages, and the pathogenesis and pathology of each stage are described on the basis of quantitative histopathological studies. In the initial stage, ie, the period before accumulation of mucus in the middle ear, metaplasia causes a transformation of the mucosa into a secretory mucosa and mucous glands are formed. These processes are described in detail. In the secretory stage, which is the period with accumulation of mucus in the middle ear, an enormous increase was found in the density of goblet cells and the density of active mucous glands was large. In the degenerative stage, the production of secretion abates owing to degeneration of the glands. These become inactive, and the mucosa gradually normalizes. The normalization process is slow and runs through several turnover periods of the epithelium by means of a gradually decreasing rate in the division of the basal cells.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Screening tympanometry in infants and two-year-old children.

In 150 newborn children tympanometry was repeated each third month until the age of one year. In 222 two-year-old children repetitive tympanometric screenings were performed in November, February, May and August, and the alterations in the tympanogram types were analyzed. There was found a very low stability of the tympanogram types and about 50% of the ears changed type between the investigations. The type A tympanogram (0 to -99 mm H2O) was the most stable type, only 52% of the ears changed tye. All ears with type C1 (-100 to -199 mm H2O), 97% of ears with type C2 (-200 to -350 mm H2O), and 84% of the ears with type B (flat curve) changed tympanogram type at least once at the four evaluations. This large variability in the tympanometric conditions, most often caused by a change in the frequency and severity of catarrhalia, makes the prognostic value of the screening tympanometry very small.

Acoustic Impedance Tests↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The price of preservation of hearing in acoustic neuroma surgery.

Translabyrinthine surgery for acoustic neuroma was introduced in Denmark in 1976, and the results of the first 100 operations are presented. Two deaths occurred, unrelated to the translabyrinthine surgery. Postoperatively, 75% of the patients had normal facial function, while function was reduced in 15% and abolished in 10%. The series represents 85% of all acoustic neuromas operated in Denmark, with 30 new neuromas being diagnosed each year, derived from a population of 5.1 million. The overall postoperative results are compared with the available results from suboccipital removals of acoustic neuromas, and are clearly in favor of the translabyrinthine approach. It is concluded that centralization of acoustic neuroma surgery is necessary, that all acoustic neuromas regardless of size can be removed by the translabyrinthine approach and that the discussion about the hypothetical preservation of hearing by applying the suboccipital approach is being made without solid grounds. To adduce the theoretical chance of preserving hearing in a very small percentage of patients as an argument in favor of the suboccipital approach appears quite irrelevant, and the price of attempting this with the suboccipital approach is too high.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Sensorineural hearing loss following chronic ear surgery.

The incidence and characteristics of postoperative sensorineural hearing loss were analyzed in 2,303 cases of chronic otitis and its sequelae, representing our total series from 1965 to 1980. Sensorineural hearing loss occurred in a total of 1.2% of cases: 0.5% became totally deaf, and 0.7% acquired a high tone loss, most often at 4 kHz only. The incidence was highest in congenital malformations, granulating otitis and cholesteatoma, mastoidectomy (especially canal-down), and during the period from 1965 to 1974. The most common causes of anacusis were removal of cholesteatoma from the semicircular canal and removal of the fistula membrane. Different types of severe high tone loss are described and, in addition, 19 patients with mild high tone loss are discussed.

Audiometry↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Endolymphatic sac-mastoid shunt surgery. A nonspecific treatment modality?

The reason for the effectiveness of endolymphatic sac-mastoid shunt surgery in the treatment of patients with Meniere's disease is still open for debate. In a double-blind study, published in 1981, we could not demonstrate any difference between the effect of a simple mastoidectomy and a regular endolymphatic sac-mastoid Silastic sheet shunt. However, a significant reduction in symptoms could be demonstrated in both groups, and 70% of patients in both groups could be classified as successes. The patients were reexamined 3 years after surgery, and it was still not possible to demonstrate any differences between the sham and the active surgery. In this study, no significant differences between the two groups have been found at follow-up averaging 84 months, and success has been maintained in about 70% of patients. The only three failures, who have consistent vertiginous attacks, have been confined to the actual shunt group. Two patients in the active group have lost their hearing as compared with none in the sham group, and 35% of the patients have now developed bilateral disease. We believe that endolymphatic sac-mastoid shunt surgery is a nonspecific treatment modality, and we find no need for sac shunt surgery. The vast majority of the patients can be successfully treated by nonsurgical means, but we emphasize that above all the patient must be assured that in the event of persistent debilitating symptoms, a surgical solution to the problem is available.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Dacryocystorhinostomy.

The extranasal method of dacryocystorhinostomy, which totally incorporates the lacrimal sac into the nasal cavity, is described, and the primary and late results of this method are presented in 57 patients with chronic epiphora caused by stenosis of the nasolacrimal duct. Immediately after the operation, the results were satisfactory in all patients. At late follow-up, with a median observation period of 5 years, 80% of the patients were completely free of epiphora and 15% had periodic epiphora, which was a considerable improvement over the preoperative condition. The described method could become a rhinologic routine procedure in patients with chronic epiphora.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Efficacy of an aqueous and a powder formulation of nasal budesonide compared in patients with nasal polyps.

Nasal polyps are commonly treated surgically. Intranasal administration of topical corticosteroids has gained increased acceptance as a treatment alternative. The aim of our study was to compare the efficacy of treatment of two formulations of budesonide with placebo on nasal polyps. At four Danish clinics 138 patients suffering from moderate or severe nasal polyps were randomized to a twice daily treatment with Rhinocort Aqua 128 micrograms, Rhinocort Turbuhaler 140 micrograms or placebo (Astra Draco, Sweden) for 6 weeks. Polyp size (primary efficacy variable), nasal symptoms, sense of smell, and patients' overall evaluation of treatment of efficacy were assessed by scores. Polyp size was reduced significantly in both budesonide treated groups compared with placebo, but there was no statistical difference between the two actively treated groups. Patients' nasal symptom scores was significantly more reduced in the Aqua compared to the Turbuhaler treated group, and both reduced symptom scores were significantly better compared to placebo. Sense of smell was significantly improved in the actively treated groups compared to placebo. The proportion of patients rating substantial or total control over symptoms after 6 weeks treatment was 60.9% and 48.2% in the Aqua and Turbuhaler-treated groups, respectively, which was significantly better compared with 29.8% in the placebo-treated group. Rhinocort Aqua and Rhinocort Turbuhaler were equally well tolerated.

Administration, Intranasal↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Nasal polyps and their relation to polyps/hypertrophic polypoid mucosa in the paranasal sinuses: a macro-, endo-, and microscopic study of autopsy materials.

The present study comprised macro- and endoscopic screening of the nasosinusal complex in 56 autopsies, 24 with nasal polyps and 32 without. Seven had nasal polyposis (bilaterally more than two). Hypertrophic polypoid mucosa in the paranasal sinuses was not found in the cases with nasal polyposis and in only 2 (4%) of the total number (24) of cases with polyps. Microscopic examination of nine small polyps, the mucosa from which they originated, and control specimens showed accumulation of eosinophils in the mucosa from which the polyps originated, indicating localized inflammation.

Cadaver↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Goblet cells in the developing human nose.

In a material of 56 foetuses and prematures, in the 9th to the 30th week, the nasal mucosa was removed in toto and stained with PAS-alcian blue, PAS, and the osmium whole-amount methods. The development, spread, distribution, and density of goblet cells were studied. Goblet cells start forming anteriorly in the nasal vestibule in the 13th week, spreading backwards according to a given, constant pattern in the course of the subsequent week. By the 30th week the goblet cells are present throughout the respiratory region, but there are marked differences in density between the various areas. The highest density was found anteriorly and inferiorly on the septum and lateral wall, and also in the inferior and middle meatuses. On the conchae the density is less, at the junction to the olfactory region least. As a whole, the density is still very low in foetuses and prematures, and it must increase very considerably around the time of birth. The differences in density found in the present study are probably present also, to some extent in children and adults. Formation of goblet cells is the final link in the process of differentiation into respiratory epithelium, instituted 4 weeks earlier with the formation of ciliated cells.

Female↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Postinflammatory acquired atresia of the external auditory canal.

Seventeen cases of postinflammatory acquired artresia of the external auditory canal in 14 women are described and analysed. Fourteen of these cases were solid atresias in which the auditory canal was more or less filled with fibrous tissue. Three patients had partial membranous atresia. The aetiology was external otitis and/or chronic otitis media. The formation of atresia is usually by jerks, and its steps are as follows: External otitis with destruction of the epithelium, formation of granulations, fibrosing of the granulations, and lining with new meatal skin.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Mucous elements in the airways.

Based on studies of the mucosa in foetuses, infants, children and adults, using whole-mount methods, the mucous-gland and goblet-cell density in the nose, rhinopharynx, pharynx, phypopharynx and trachea is described. Glandular density was highest in the nose, lowest in the trachea, where the glands are considerably larger than in the nose. The nasal, pharyngeal and hypopharyngeal glands contain more serious elements than do the tracheal ones. The goblet-cell density is greatest in the lateral wall and the roof of the rhinopharynx, smallest in the anterior part of the nose, In acute and chronic tracheal disease, and on constant exposure to dust, the goblet-cell density is increased.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Late results in tympanoplasty. Staging the operation.

Based on the late results of tympanoplasty on 300 ears and of one-stage mastoidectomy and tympanoplasty on 269 discharging ears, the problems involved in staging tympanoplasty are discussed. The results of one-stage operations were found to be satisfactory 2-10 years after operation. The frequency of recurrent cholesteatoma was low, 3.4%. Instead of two-stage operations, re-operation is recommended in cases of functional failure and in cases in which further improvement of hearing can reasonably be expected.

Cholesteatoma↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Secretory otitis media. Pathology and pathogenesis related to clinical picture.

Secretory otitis is divided into three stages, and from a description of the pathogenic processes taking place in each stage it is attempted to explain how secretion is generated, and why it stops. The initial stage is characterized by inflammatory changes by way of capillary dilatation and proliferation, lymphatic infiltration, increased goblet-cell density and formation of mucous glands; the secretion is exudative with admixture of mucus. The secretory stage is dominated by secretion of mucus from the metaplastic mucosa with extremely high density of goblet cells and glands. In the degenerative stage, the production of mucus abates because the goblet-cell density decreases, and the glands degenerate.

Exocrine Glands↗