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Biomedical subjects

M Tomaru

Publications and source records attributed to M Tomaru.

35 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1995

Clinical and retrospective evaluation of Eviprostat: a non-hormonal and non-neuropharmacological agent for benign prostatic hyperplasia.

Eviprostat has been used as a non-hormonal and non-neuropharmacological treatment for benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) in Japan. We evaluated the clinical efficacy of Eviprostat in patients with symptomatic BPH and the anti-inflammatory effect of this drug was investigated by retrospective evaluation of TUR specimens. Clinically, Eviprostat subjectively relieved obstructive symptoms of BPH. Objective improvements were also demonstrated by ultrasonographic evaluation of prostatic volume and urinary flow rates. Histologically, preoperative administration of Eviprostat improved the degree of prostatic inflammation. This drug probably can have a place in the treatment of patients with mild or moderate symptoms of outflow obstruction.

Aged↗
PubMed1995

Recurrence of urethral stricture after single internal urethrotomy.

Recurrence of urethral stricture after single internal urethrotomy was investigated in 66 patients with special reference to some factors which would influence restricturing. In the present study, recurrence rate was 16.7% (11 patients). Recurrences occurred within an average of 11.9 months. Factors that had no influence on restricturing were age, aetiology, site of the stricture and duration of indwelling catheterization. On the other hand, stricture length appeared to influence the outcome (chi 2, p < 0.001). Short stricture (< or = 10 mm) showed only 4.4% recurrence rate, while 42.9% in long stricture (> 10 mm). Internal urethrotomy appeared to be effective particularly when the stricture was short, while it seemed difficult to treat long strictures by single internal urethrotomy.

Aged↗
PubMed1995

Cryptorchidism and marker chromosomes: identification of marker chromosomes by fluorescence in situ hybridization.

Identification of marker chromosomes by fluorescence in situ hybridization was performed in 2 cases of cryptorchidism. In case 1, the marker chromosome was derived from chromosome 22. In case 2, the origin of the marker was the centromere of chromosome 8. The extent of the congenital anomalies in these cases was milder than that in cases with complete trisomy of an autosome. These findings suggest that an incomplete extra autosome might influence clinical characteristics.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

Successful renal autotransplantation with Y-prosthetic aortic replacement in a patient with complete occlusion of abdominal aorta and renal artery.

Occlusion of the abdominal aorta represents the end stage of an atherosclerotic process and often is associated with stenosis of renal artery inducing renal failure and hypertension. Surgical and medical treatments are indicated to preserve and restore renal function in patients with these conditions. We report herein the first successful renal autotransplantation combined with aortic replacement by Y prosthesis in a patient with complete occlusion of abdominal aorta and bilateral renal arteries, resulting in limb-threatening ischemia and progressive renal failure.

Aorta, Abdominal↗
PubMed1995

P element-induced mutations in Drosophila melanogaster showing high interspecific crossability between D. melanogaster females and D. simulans males.

Homozygous stocks for the second or the third chromosome of Drosophila melanogaster with a single insertional plwB element were screened for high crossability with D. simulans. Reciprocal crosses between each of these stocks and D. simulans were made, and the insemination rate at two or three days was examined. From two cycles of screening of the original 575 stocks, one stock (# 687) which showed high insemination rate was selected and was backcrossed to a w strain to substitute the background. We obtained a stock which showed 10% insemination rate with D. simulans males (control was 0%). No stocks exhibiting a high crossability with D. simulans females were acquired. Revertant strains, from which the P element had been lost, were obtained from the backcrossed # 687 stock. The insemination rates of 13 revertants to D. simulans males ranged from 1% to 33%. Seven of these 13 were not significantly different from the control line but were significantly different from the backcrossed # 687 stock. It was concluded that the mutation showing high crossability with D. simulans males was caused by the P element transposition.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Epistatic interactions among the P element-induced high interspecific crossability strains in Drosophila melanogaster.

Five Drosophila melanogaster strains showing high interspecific crossability with D. simulans males, derived from the previous screening of a set of autosomal plwB transposants, were selected and the effect of the plwB insertion under the same genetic background (white strain) on the interspecific crossability was examined. This phenotype was recessive in the two strains but semidominant in the other three strains. Trans-heterozygotes, however, showed high interspecific crossability compared with the parental homozygotes, suggesting some epistatic interactions between them. In three strains, the effect of the plwB insertion region in different backgrounds (w1118 strain) on the crossability was also tested. Homozygotes of a strain (#687) showed high interspecific crossability comparable to the w background, while homozygotes of both #68 and #783 strains showed lower crossability than w1118. Although #783 heterozygotes showed intermediate values between #783 homozygotes and w1118, #68 heterozygotes showed a significantly higher insemination rate than w1118 and the #68 homozygotes. These results suggest that the region around the plwB insertion sites of #68 and #783 affects the interspecific crossability either positively or negatively depending on the genetic background. In all the stocks, positive correlation between interspecific crossability and the intraspecific mating speed was detected.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Reproductive isolation between Drosophila lini and its siblings.

Courtship behavior and reproductive isolation between nine strains of Drosophila lini and its siblings from Taiwan (TWN), Dinghushan (DHS) and Nankunshan (NKS) in China, and Pyinoolwin (MMY) and Yangon (RGN) in Myanmar were investigated. No premating and postmating isolation between the Taiwan and mainland China strains were found. Crosses between mainland China (DHS and NKS) or the TWN strain and the MMY or RGN strain produced fertile F1 hybrid females and sterile F1 hybrid males. Crosses between MMY strains and RGN strains which showed strong premating isolation produced either no F1 hybrids, or fertile F1 hybrid females and sterile males in some cases. These results suggest the existence of at least three genetically distinct sibling species of D. lini.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Genetic basis and evolution of species-specific courtship song in the Drosophila auraria complex.

The interpulse interval (IPI) of courtship song in the Drosophila auraria complex is the only parameter that is consistently species-specific among the several courtship elements examined within the complex. The genetic basis of the species-specific courtship song was examined by analysing the song of interspecific hybrids and of backcross progeny. IPI of all interspecific hybrids except two showed intermediate values, suggesting autosomal control of species-specific IPI. However, significant deviation for shorter IPI from midparent was found in thirteen out of 20 crosses. The chromosomal analysis between D. auraria and D. biauraria revealed that the two major autosomes had significantly large effects on IPI, but the sex chromosome and cytoplasm had no effect. Since no interaction was detected, it is concluded that each autosome acts additively in the determination of species-specific IPI. The common ancestors of the D. auraria complex may also have had autosomal control of IPI, which has been conserved during speciation in the complex.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Influence of adenine-induced chronic renal failure on testicular function in the rat.

The influence of adenine-induced chronic renal failure on the male reproductive function was investigated using male Wistar rats. Adenine-induced chronic renal failure was performed in 22 rats (adenine-treated) by providing them with an adenine-excessive diet (150 mg adenine per day) for 10 days. An additional 22 rats were fed without adenine-excessive diet and served as a control group. On days 30 and 60 after start of treatment, body weight ratio to the testis, serum levels of creatinine, urea nitrogen, luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), 17 alpha hydroxyprogesterone (17 alpha-OHP), androstenedione and testosterone were measured. During the experiment, progressive elevation of serum creatinine and urea nitrogen was found in adenine-treated rats. Body weight ratio of the testes and serum level of LH in adenine-treated rats were similar to those in the controls. On day 60, the FSH level in adenine-treated rats was significantly higher than that in the controls (P < 0.001). While serum concentrations of 17 alpha-OHP and androstenedione in adenine-treated rats were considerably elevated compared with those in the controls on day 30 (P < 0.05). These concentrations did not differ between the two groups at day 60. Serum testosterone level was reduced in adenine-treated rats (P < 0.001). This reduction was progressive with time (P < 0.05). These results suggest that adenine itself reduces testosterone synthesis by suppressing 17 beta-hydroxysteroid oxidoreductase at the early stage of adenine-induced chronic renal failure, but that progressive renal insufficiency causes an elevation of FSH, a reduced synthesis of testosterone and its precursors at the late stage of adenine-induced chronic renal failure. Thus, hormonal conditions in the male rat with adenine-induced chronic renal failure change with time after induction.

17-alpha-Hydroxyprogesterone↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Hormone profiles and contralateral testicular histology in Down's syndrome with unilateral testicular tumor.

Hormonal profiles and testicular histology were studied in two patients with Down's syndrome with unilateral testicular tumor. Plasma levels of LH and FSH were elevated above normal ranges in both cases. In case 1, plasma testosterone level was abnormally low, but prolactin level in plasma was within the normal range. Case 2 showed elevated concentration of plasma prolactin and normal level of plasma testosterone. The administration of LH-RH resulted in low response of plasma gonadotropins. The response of plasma testosterone to the administration of HCG was abnormally suppressed in both cases. Testicular histology showed reduction of Johnsen score count and tubular diameter, and an increase in wall thickness. These results indicated that male patients with Down's syndrome have an abnormality in hypothalamo-pituitary-gonadal axis.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Hormone profiles and testicular histology in cryptorchid boys with marker chromosome.

Hormone profiles and testicular histology were studied in two cryptorchid boys with marker chromosome. Plasma testosterone levels were abnormally low in both cases. Plasma levels of gonadotropins and prolactin were within normal ranges in case 1, but case 2 showed decreased concentration of plasma gonadotropins and normal level of plasma prolactin. The administration of LH-RH induced low response of plasma gonadotropins in case 1 and exaggerated response in case 2. The response of plasma testosterone to the administration of hCG was poor in both cases. Testicular histology showed maturation arrest and reduction of tubular diameter and Leydig cells per seminiferous tubules in both cases. Although testicular histology in these cases were similar to those in prepubertal or pubertal boys with cryptorchidism, hormonal disturbances were more severe. It would appear that marker chromosome enhances hormonal alterations.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Hormone profiles and testicular histology in azoospermic men with Y-autosome translocation and autosomal translocation.

Hormone profiles and testicular histology were studied in azoospermic men with Y-autosome translocation and autosomal translocation. Plasma levels of LH, FSH, prolactin, and testosterone were within normal ranges in these anomalies. The responses of plasma gonadotropins to LH-RH and plasma testosterone to hCG were similar in the two groups. Johnsen score count, diameter of the seminiferous tubules, wall thickness, and Leydig cells per seminiferous tubules were similar in the two groups. It would appear that hormone conditions an alterations are similar in azoospermic men with Y-autosome translocation and autosomal translocation.

Chorionic Gonadotropin↗