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Biomedical subjects

M Toda

Publications and source records attributed to M Toda.

At least 163 records · Page 9Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

Induction of bronchial hyperresponsiveness by Bordetella bronchiseptica infection in dogs.

Six beagles were examined for time-related changes of bronchial responsiveness to methacholine, plasma histamine and thromboxane B2, and biopsy of bronchial tissues after intratracheal injection of Bordetella bronchiseptica. A progressive increase in bronchial responsiveness was induced after injection. The mediators, however, did not elevate and tissue neutrophil counts did not correlate with increased airway hyperresponsiveness. Intratracheal injection of heat-killed Bordetella bronchiseptica produced no alteration in these parameters. Thus, it is speculated that airway epithelial damage and effects on ciliostatic function induced by the organism are primarily involved in the pathogenesis.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

[Coronary arteriographic findings in the patients with atrial septal defect and pulmonary hypertension (ASD + PH)--compression of left main coronary artery by pulmonary trunk].

The characteristic narrowing of left main coronary artery (LMCA) was found in 44% of patients (pts) with atrial septal defect and pulmonary hypertension (ASD + PH). The cause of the narrowing is thought to be the compression by pulmonary trunk (PT). Cardiac catheterization and coronary arteriography (CAG) were performed in 38 pts with ASD ranging in age from 15 to 62 years. We defined abnormal narrowing as 50% or more stenosis of AHA classification. Sixteen pts (42%) had PH, and of these pts 7 show the abnormal narrowing of LMCA. (18% of all pts with ASD, 44% of pts with ASD + PH). They had no signs of syphilis or aortitis. Of the pts with PH, those with abnormal LMCA revealed higher pulmonary artery mean pressure than those with normal LMCA (43.6 +/- 17.3 and 27.1 +/- 5.5 mmHg respectively. p less than 0.01). Other parts of coronary arteries are intact in all pts. These findings suggest that the LMCA abnormality relates to PH. In all cases with LMCA abnormality the narrowing revealed some special features indicate the cause of narrowing is compression. First, the most severe part of narrowing was the coronary ostium, and severity reduced gradually as distal LMCA. Second, the narrowing was estimated most severely in the view of LAO 20, but almost normal in the view of RAO 30. This finding suggests the narrowing is ellipsoid. Third, the shape of LMCA changed in the different phase of cardiac cycle. In the systole, the cranial border of LMCA was convex, but in the diastole it was concave. This indicates LMCA was soft and compressed.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Angina Pectoris↗
PubMed1988

Structure of extrachromosomal circular DNAs excised from T-cell antigen receptor alpha and delta-chain loci.

Small polydisperse circular (spc) DNA was isolated from mouse thymocytes, fragmented by HindIII digestion and cloned into the vector. Sixty DNA clones were randomly selected from the 10,400 phage library. The average size of insert was one-fifth of the original circular molecule. Twenty spc-DNA clones were homologous to DNA probes derived from T-cell antigen receptor (TCR) alpha-chain loci. We have characterized nine clones by DNA sequencing; they contain new germline sequences of the TCR alpha-chain variable (V alpha) and joining (J alpha) gene segments and the products out of the recombination of a V alpha with a J alpha gene segment. An additional four spc-DNA clones carried a new rearranging gene of the TCR delta-chain that is located between V alpha and J alpha genes. At least nine of 60 DNA clones carried the recombination junction of a heptamer-heptamer head-to-head structure expected from an excised product of V-J joining. This shows that most extrachromosomal circular DNAs in the thymus are formed by a sequence-dependent recombination mechanism. We suggest that a functional T-cell receptor V alpha gene can be constructed by somatic random rearrangements through successive looping-out, excision and deletion.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

New potent antagonists of leukotrienes C4 and D4. 1. Synthesis and structure-activity relationships.

(p-Amylcinnamoyl)anthranilic acid (3a) had moderate antagonist activities against LTD4-induced smooth muscle contraction on guinea pig ileum and LTC4-induced bronchoconstriction in anesthetized guinea pigs. Modifications were made in the hydrophobic part (cinnamoyl moiety) and the hydrophilic part (anthranilate moiety) of 3a. A series of 8-(benzoylamino)-2-tetrazol-5-yl-1,4-benzodioxans and 8-(benzoylamino)-2-tetrazol-5-yl-4-oxo-4H-1-benzopyrans were revealed to be potent antagonists of leukotrienes C4 and D4. Among both series, ONO-RS-347 (18k) and ONO-RS-411 (19h) were the most potent and orally active antagonists, respectively. Structure-activity relationships are discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Endogenous peroxidase activity in primary culture of human thyroid cells. Localization and measurement.

Intracellular localization of and an assay method for endogenous peroxidase (PO) activity were studied using primary culture of thyroid cells obtained from patients with hyperthyroidism. PO activity was visualized by cytochemical reaction and was located mainly in perinuclear cisternae and rough endoplasmic reticulum. With increased culture time, the number of cells showing positive PO activity and amount of the enzyme reaction product in individual cells showed a parallel decrease. For measurement of PO activity, cultured thyroid cells were frozen and thawed and then incubated with citric acid buffer solution containing o-phenylenediamine (opd) and hydrogen peroxide. After incubation, the optical density (OD) of the solution colorized by endogenous peroxidase was measured at 405 nm using a microplate reader. About 1 X 10(4) cells were sufficient for assay of PO activity. Using the above method to assay PO activity and sandwich enzyme immunoassay for thyroglobulin (TG), chronological changes in the PO activity and TG concentration in the culture medium were examined. Although the cells showed no decrease in number, PO activity and TG concentration decreased chronologically. When the ratio of PO activity to TG concentration was calculated, in 3 cases the ratio was almost constant, and in the remaining two, it decreased chronologically. The present biochemical method thus seems useful for determining peroxidase activity of cultured thyroid en masse.

Cells, Cultured↗
PubMed1987

The role of humoral factors and the ileocecal valve in pathological changes occurring after distal small bowel resection.

Experimental studies using dogs were performed to elucidate the participation of gastrointestinal hormones as well as the ileocecal valve in postoperative sequelae following massive small bowel resection. Although in both the ileal resection and the ileocecal resection groups the absorption of fat was reduced postoperatively, body weight tended to increase in the former, while it decreased gradually in the latter. In addition, watery diarrhea persisted after ileocecal resection. Plasma total bile acid concentrations in each group were lower than those before surgery, as were plasma levels of both total glucagon and neurotensin. Although differences were not significant, plasma neurotensin levels tended to be higher after ileocecal resection, but plasma total glucagon levels tended to be lower. Plasma gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP) response to butter ingestion was also lower after both ileal and ileocecal resection; especially in the latter case the decrease was significant. These results indicate that the diminished plasma levels of neurotensin, enteroglucagon and GIP may be related to the impairment of adaptive changes in the remaining small intestine.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Effect of ileo-jejunal transposition on intestinal adaptation after total colectomy in dogs.

The effect of ileo-jejunal transposition (IJT) on the intestinal adaptation after total colectomy was investigated in 4 mongrel dogs. Hyperenteroglucagonemia was observed in the IJT with colectomy group, especially in postprandial state. Obvious hyperplastic changes were observed in all part of the small intestinal mucosa in the colectomy with IJT group. However, there were no significant differences in body weight changes between the colectomy with IJT group and the colectomy group. Postprandial plasma gastrin levels were lower in the colectomy with IJT group compared to the control. These results suggest that IJT causes hyperenteroglucagonemia and intestinal mucosal hypertrophy in colectomized dogs. Enteroglucagon may have an inhibitory effect on postprandial gastrin release.

Adaptation, Physiological↗
PubMed1986

Long term follow-up of surgical treatment for ulcerative colitis--with special reference to recurrence and the quality of life.

From 1961 to 1984, fifty-one patients with ulcerative colitis were surgically treated at Tohoku University Hospital. The results of various types of surgical treatments for ulcerative colitis were analysed and discussed with special reference to recurrence and the quality of life at the time of follow-up. Total colitis and left-sided colitis were observed in 42 and 9 patients, respectively. There were five operative deaths. Thirteen patients received total proctocolectomy and 38 patients received various types of conservative operations at the first operation. In seven patients there was a recurrence of the disease in the retained colon or rectum and proctocolectomy with ileostomy was carried out. Forty-six patients were followed. Four died of other diseases and two were lost to follow-up. The periods of follow-up after the final operation ranged from 3-29 years. The types of operative procedures were ileostomy in 19, ascendicostomy in 14, ileoproctostomy in 6 and ascendicoproctostomy in 1 patient. Following treatment of recurrence of the disease, in most patients who had undergone various surgical treatments, favorable results of quality of life were attained, even in those with ileostomy. These results indicate that it is important to select the most proper types of operative procedures for surgical treatment of ulcerative colitis by individualizing each case.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

[Effects of cefoperazone on respiratory infections of patients of advanced age and/or with underlying respiratory diseases].

Respiratory infections of 19 subjects of advanced age and/or with underlying respiratory disease were treated with cefoperazone (CPZ) and its clinical effects were studied. Sixteen subjects suffered from respiratory tract infection and 3 subjects had pneumonia. The age of the subjects ranged from 39 to 77 years with the mean of 63.8, 7 of them being more than 70 years of age. The underlying respiratory diseases included chronic pulmonary emphysema in 6 subjects, diffuse panbronchiolitis in 3, bronchiectasis in 3, silicosis in 2 and one each of chronic bronchitis, pulmonary fibrosis, lung cancer and old pulmonary tuberculosis. One case, 75 years of age, had renal insufficiency. The daily dose of CPZ was 4 grams in 18 of the 19 subjects and the duration of administration ranged 5 to 22 days. The remaining 1 subject received 2 g of CPZ daily for 6 days. Clinical effects were judged from the changes in fever, cough, amount of sputum, dyspnea, rales, cyanosis, chest X-ray, white blood cell counts, CRP, erythrocyte sedimentation rates and results of sputum culture. Clinical effects were good in 16 subjects, fair in 1, and poor in 2. Bacteriological follow-up was carried out in 13 subjects. Infecting bacteria were eliminated from 5 subjects, reduced in 2 and, in 4 subjects, they were replaced by other bacteria. In 1 subject, P. aeruginosa was isolated from sputum even after the treatment with CPZ, and in another subject H. influenzae relapsed immediately after the cessation of the CPZ treatment.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1986

[The influence of ileo-jejunal transposition on intestinal mucosal growth and gut hormones after total colectomy].

To clarify the effect of ileo-jejunal transposition on intestinal mucosal height and gut hormones, canine models undergoing total colectomy either with transection of the small intestine (control group) or ileo-jejunal transposition (transposition group) were compared, and the following results were obtained. There was no difference in body weight between control group and transposition group 18 weeks after operation. Significant increase of mucosal height was observed in transposition group but not in control group. Plasma levels of total GLI were significantly higher in transposition group but not in control group, whereas a count of GLI secreting cell was not changed in both groups. Plasma levels of gastrin after test meal were lower in transposition group than in control group. These results indicated that ileo-jejunal transposition induces hyperenteroglucagonemia, which may play an important role in intestinal adaptation after colectomy.

Adaptation, Physiological↗
PubMed1985

Ultrastructural visualization of elastic fibres with a tannate--metal salt method.

A modification of the tannic acid-metal salt method was applied as an ultrastructural stain for elastin. Thin sections of glutaraldehyde-fixed, embedded rat aorta and rabbit elastic cartilage, with and without osmication, were examined. Raising the pH of the tannic acid solution from 2.7 to 9.0 progressively increased the electron-density of elastic fibres and collagen fibrils in osmicated and unosmicated specimens. The maximum tannic acid staining of elastic fibres was observed in the pH range 7.0-9.0. Collagen staining, although less intense than that of elastic fibres, was also greatest in this pH range. Elastic fibres in osmicated specimens demonstrated the strongest tannic acid staining with a minimal increase in density of collagen and cell nuclei when compared to the unosmicated specimens. Sequential treatments of osmicated specimens with tannic acid pH 7.0-9.0, and uranyl acetate, pH 4.1, enhanced the density of the elastin intensely, increased collagen staining moderately, but hardly increased the density of nuclei and microfibrils. In elastase-digested osmicated specimens, all tannic acid (pH 7.0)-uranyl acetate-reactive elastin was selectively removed. These results demonstrate that all the neutral and alkaline tannic acid-uranyl acetate methods can be used as a postembedment stain for elastin specimens fixed in glutaraldehyde and osmium tetroxide.

Animals↗