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Biomedical subjects

M Thomson

Publications and source records attributed to M Thomson.

At least 181 records · Page 10Linked to original sources
PubMed1976

The role of copper in preventing gastrointestinal damage by acidic anti-inflammatory drugs.

The ability of several non-steroidal acidic anti-inflammatory drugs to cause ulceration when given as copper complexes has been examined. The damage caused by clopirac, niflumic acid and aspirin was virtually abolished when they were given as copper complexes whereas the damage caused by indomethacin, ketoprofen and (+)-naproxen was unaltered. The lack of ulceration with three of these preparations appeared to be correlated with a much reduced ability to inhibit prostaglandin synthesis as determined using an in vitro enzyme system.

Acetates↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Overlay blot identification of GTP-binding proteins in mitochondria from human placenta.

In this study, an overlay blot method was used to identify GTP-binding proteins in fractions of human placenta. Human placenta were fractionated by centrifugation into preparations containing (1) mitochondria, (2) nucleoli and (3) microsomes, plasma membrane and cytosol. GTP-binding proteins were detected by overlay blot using alpha32P-GTP. Proteins of 23 and 25 kDa were identified in all fractions and GTP binding was higher in the presence of 1.0, 2.5, 5.0 and 10.0 mM MgCl2 as compared to equivalent concentrations of CaCl2. In mitochondrial preparations binding of alpha32P-GTP to 23 and 25 kDa was displaced significantly by GDP and GTP but not ADP or ATP. Fractions containing microsomes, plasma membrane and cytosol displayed two labelled bands of 14 and 18 kDa that were not present in other fractions. These data indicate that the placenta contains specific GTP-binding proteins of molecular weights that are consistent with the small monomeric GTP binding protein family (18-36 kDa). Two of these are located in the mitochondria and may regulate the function of these organelles in the placenta.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Aerosol inhalation and depth of deposition in the human lung. The effect of airway obstruction and tidal volume inhaled.

Ten patients with chronic bronchitis, whose FEV1.0 varied between 0.48 and 3.00 1, inhaled uniform 5-micronm particles tagged with technetium-99 in tidal volumes (VT) varying between 750 and 1830 ml. Their chests were scanned after inhalation to ascertain depth of deposition of the particles, and clearance from the lungs was monitored for 5 hr by serial whole-lung gamma counting. A significant inverse relationship (P less than .05) was found between depth of deposition after inhalation (D), measured horizontally across the lung as percentage per inch, and rate of clearance of the particles (5-hr retention [%] = 100- % cleared at 5 hr=69.12-3.02D). This confirmed previous findings. The depth of deposition depended directly on the FEV1.0 and VT (5-hr retention [%] = 0.026VT + 12.67FEV1.0-4.13); this resulted in a 14%-75% range for 5-hr retention. Regression slopes for VT and FEV1.0 were independently significant (P less than .05). The findings suggest that, as commonly administered at present, the therapeutic efficiency of most drugs given be aerosol will be reduced in proportion to the degree of airway obstruction as measured by the FEV1.0. The efficiency can be enhanced by increasing the depth of inspiration of the aerosol.

Aerosols↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Prospective randomized comparison of imipenem/cilastatin and cefotaxime for treatment of lung, soft tissue, and renal infections.

Thirty-one moderately or severely ill hospitalized patients with proved (25 patients) or suspected (six) bacterial infections were randomly allocated to receive imipenem/cilastatin (16) or cefotaxime (15). The median age, sex, duration of therapy, underlying disease, and types of infection were similar in both groups. Nineteen patients with pneumonia, eight with soft tissue infection, and four with acute pyelonephritis were included. The pathogens isolated included Escherichia coli (six), Streptococcus pneumoniae (five), Streptococcus pyogenes (five), Haemophilus species (four), Proteus species (three), Staphylococcus aureus (three), and Serratia marcescens (two). In the imipenem/cilastatin group, 13 patients were cured of their infections and three showed improvement. In the cefotaxime group, nine were cured, three showed improvement, and three showed no improvement. Nine patients treated with imipenem/cilastatin developed phlebitis, as compared with eight treated with cefotaxime. One patient treated with cefotaxime developed diarrhea. During therapy, potential pathogens were isolated from four patients in the imipenem/cilastatin group (Candida species [two] and Pseudomonas maltophilia [two]), as compared with eight in the cefotaxime group (enterococci [two], Pseudomonas aeruginosa [two], Candida species [two], Acinetobacter anitratus [one], and Pseudomonas fluorescens [one]). There were no recognized superinfections.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Comparable efficacy and tolerability of formoterol (Foradil) administered via a novel multi-dose dry powder inhaler (Certihaler) or the Aerolizer dry powder inhaler in patients with persistent asthma.

BACKGROUND: For maximum treatment compliance there is a need to provide asthma patients with devices that suit their particular preferences. The Foradil Certihaler is a novel multi-dose dry powder inhaler developed to increase the choice of devices available. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the safety and efficacy of formoterol administered via the Foradil Certihaler, or via the single-dose inhaler Foradil Aerolizer. METHODS: This was a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-dummy, incomplete block crossover, dose-ranging and pharmacokinetic study in patients with persistent asthma. Sixty-seven patients (mean 48.0 years) were randomized to formoterol 5, 10, 15 and 30 microg twice daily via the Certihaler, 12 microg formoterol b.i.d. via the Aerolizer, or placebo in four 1-week double-blind treatment periods separated by 1-week single-blind washouts. RESULTS All formoterol doses delivered via the Certihaler or the Aerolizer significantly increased FEV(1) compared with placebo (p < 0.0001). Formoterol demonstrated an onset of action of <3 min. All active treatments were well tolerated. Tremor was the most common adverse event and was more pronounced at high doses. At lower doses the incidence of tremor with the Certihaler was similar to that observed with placebo or the Aerolizer. The pharmacokinetic evaluation comprised 41 patients (mean 45.9 years). Urinary excretion of unchanged formoterol and total formoterol increased with dose delivered via the Certihaler. The optimum dose of formoterol via the Certihaler was 10 microg. CONCLUSION: Delivery of formoterol via the Certihaler or Aerolizer combines rapid relief with enduring control and provides convenient bronchodilation in patients with persistent asthma.

Administration, Inhalation↗