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Biomedical subjects

M Thomsen

Publications and source records attributed to M Thomsen.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1996

[Familial congenital horizontal gaze paralysis].

Familial congenital horizontal gaze paralysis is a rare disorder supposedly transmitted in an autosomal recessive fashion. Typically, all horizontal, conjugate eye movements are absent. Most patients are orthotropic with regular binocular function. The complete lack of horizontal eye movements is compensated for by turning the head in the desired direction. Another compensating mechanism is the use of convergent eye movements, when horizontal gaze is attempted. Eye movements in the vertical plane are only mildly affected. The majority of patients suffer from a scoliosis that manifests itself in early infancy and usually requires operative treatment. Maldevelopment of neurons of the abducens nuclei and the caudal longitudinal fascicle is said to be the cause. The possible outcome of the disease and the importance of a prompt diagnosis are discussed.

Abducens Nerve↗
PubMed1995

Fractioned drilling--a technique for wedge osteotomy of the knee.

High tibial wedge osteotomies are often followed by transient neurological complications. From a retrospective study of 132 patients it appears that the incidence of this troublesome complication can be reduced after osteotomy with external fixation by using a technique of making consecutive drill holes of increasing diameter followed by osteoclasis. This reduction of neurological complications was most marked when a less extensive surgical approach was used.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

[Results of treatment after traumatic shoulder dislocation. Thoracic abduction plaster case or Desault dressing].

In 80 patients with primary traumatic shoulder dislocation treated at the Heidelberg Orthopaedic University Hospital we had a follow-up examination. We wanted to know about age and sex of the patients, the number of redislocations in correlation to time and way of fixation. We had 70% male and 30% female patients with 97.5% of anterior dislocation. The minimum age was 16 and the maximum 87 years with an average of 44 years. 48 patients had a Desault bandage for 2 weeks and 32 had a shoulder-arm plaster cast for 3 weeks. There was no difference between both ways of fixation. We also could not see any better results after more than a 3 weeks' fixation. The most important fact for redislocation is the age and activity of the patients. A young man has a very high risk of redislocation within the first year.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

[Effect of extracorporeal shockwave therapy on tendinosis calcarea of the shoulder. A preliminary report].

UNLABELLED: The aim of a prospective study was to examine the effects of high energetic shock wave treatment on the course of calcareous tendinitis of the shoulder. 20 patients were entered into the study. Shock waves were applied to the calcifications with a Lithotripter MFL 5000 in two sessions of 2000 impulses each. The shock wave producing energy was 18 kV-22 kV. 6 and 12 weeks after treatment subjective and functional condition was checked by means of a 100-points functional score; all patients underwent x-ray control and MRI imaging. RESULTS: After 12 weeks 14 patients showed a marked improvement of symptoms, the average improvement on score measuring 25 points. The x-rays of 7 patients showed a complete resorption of the calcifications, in 5 cases partial disintegration of the calcium deposits was seen. The overall morbidity was low with 14 patients developing transient hematomas; MRI imaging showed no severe damages of bone and soft tissue.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

[Quantitative follow-up of callus distraction with dual-energy roentgen absorptiometry (DEXA)].

With dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA), bone mineralization during and after limb-lengthening procedures with unilateral fixators can be monitored quantitatively and precisely with low radiation exposure. We measured prospectively the bone mineral density (BMD) in the newly formed callus, in the bone adjacent to the callus and in the proximal femur in 21 patients with leg lengthening of the femur and/or tibia with unilateral external fixators. Mineralization showed a typical course with a peak value of 0.365 +/- 0.196 g/cm2 (30.9% of the first value) at 6-8 weeks after the beginning of distraction and a minimum value at the time of maximum distraction. In the consolidation period BMD in the distraction gap increased to 1.020 +/- 0.234 g/cm2 (87%) at the time of fixation removal. BMD in the regenerated bone increased faster in regions of interest (ROIs) opposite the fixator compared to ROIs near it. Dynamization of the fixation device led to a 13% increase in mineralization velocity (VBMD). On the other hand, dynamization caused more homogeneous regeneration equalizing VBMD in the different ROIs as well. BMD in the proximal femur of the leg operated on decreased to 67% and in the contralateral leg to 87% of the preoperative value. We consider DEXA to provide a precise and quantitative assessment of callus and bone mineralization during limb lengthening with unilateral fixators. Since we are well aware of the limitation of the technique. DEXA helps to understand what is happening in limb-lengthening procedures by providing quantitative values.

Absorptiometry, Photon↗
PubMed1994

[Successful combination therapy in bronchial asthma. Anti-obstructive and anti-inflammatory treatment].

METHOD: In a post-marketing surveillance study, patient data were documented with the aim of assessing the effect of a combination of both anti-inflammatory and bronchodilatory treatment with inhaled beclomethasone dipropionate and a sustained-release theophylline preparation. A total of 2,166 patients with mild-to-moderate bronchial asthma (FEV1 about 60%) were included in the multicenter open study. RESULTS: It was found that treatment with inhaled glucocorticoid and sustained-release theophylline resulted in a clear improvement in symptom scores. More than 90% of the physicians and patients rated the treatment "very good" or "good". Only 4.6% of the participants had side effects. CONCLUSION: It may be concluded that combination therapy with inhaled glucocorticoid and sustained release theophylline is a safe and effective form of treatment of mild-to-moderate asthma.

Administration, Inhalation↗
PubMed1994

Promiscuous and specific binding of HIV peptides to HLA-DR1 and DR103. Impact on T-cell repertoire of nonimmunized individuals.

The binding of immunogenic peptides to DR molecules is influenced by residues that point into the peptide-binding groove. The T-cell response toward a peptide complexed to an MHC molecule depends on the presence of a sufficient number of T cells reactive with peptide-MHC complex on the surface of APCs. From 96 overlapping HIV peptides, we have selected 11 that show a significant binding to either DR1, DR103, or both. These two DR molecules are identical except for three amino acids at positions 67, 70, and 71 on the beta chain. Peptide-specific T-cell lines and clones were generated with cells from nonimmunized donors homozygous for DR1 or DR103 by using either individual peptides or peptide pools for the in vitro priming. Three of the peptides induced T-cell-specific proliferative response in both individuals, and these peptides were not among those with highest affinity. Most of the peptides induced strong responses against autologous APCs. This might reflect cross-reactivity between HIV and self-peptides. Definition of peptides that both show promiscuous binding to DR and elicit a strong T-cell response is important for design of efficient synthetic vaccines.

AIDS Vaccines↗
PubMed1994

Recombination fractions in the HLA system based on the data set 'provinces Françaises': indications of haplotype-specific recombination rates.

In the large genetic survey "Provinces Françaises' the recombination fractions in the HLA system have been estimated by a family analysis programme (FAP). A total of 1332 families were analysed and in general the findings were in agreement with recombination fractions reported previously. The maternal recombination rates were on average 1.8 times higher than the corresponding ones for males. The comparison of the recombination fractions with the corresponding physical distances suggests the existence of hot spots of recombination. The analysis did not show deviations from expected values for HLA-A and B alleles on HLA-A/B recombinant haplotypes. However, analysis of HLA-B/DR recombinant haplotypes showed a skewed distribution of B and DR alleles. The significance of the findings is difficult to evaluate as all results are estimated numbers and frequencies but a manual analysis of the recombinant families confirmed the observations. HLA-B/DR recombinant haplotypes carried often HLA-DR3 and DR11 whereas DR2 and DR7 were more rarely present on recombinant haplotypes. DR4 had an increased incidence on BF/DR recombinant haplotypes but not on A/B or B/BF recombinant haplotypes. Some of the haplotypes with the strongest linkage disequilibria as A1,B8,DR3 and A3,B7,DR2 seem to be less frequently involved in recombinations than other haplotypes. Variations of recombination rates depending on certain alleles or haplotypes might partially explain the conservation of some haplotypes or part of haplotypes in Caucasoids.

Alleles↗
PubMed1993

Association of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and class II major histocompatibility complex alleles with the secretion of TNF-alpha and TNF-beta by human mononuclear cells: a possible link to insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.

We have investigated the correlation between different tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and class II major histocompatibility complex alleles in the lipopolysaccharide- or phytohemagglutinin-induced secretion of TNF-alpha and TNF-beta by human monocytes and peripheral blood mononuclear cells in 87 unrelated Danish male individuals. Significant differences in TNF-alpha secretory capacity between TNF NcoI restriction fragment length polymorphisms, TNFa and TNFc microsatellite alleles and DR alleles were identified. No correlation with TNF-beta secretory capacity was found for any of the markers studied. TNF genotyping allowed us to define four extended HLA haplotypes which correlate with TNF-alpha secretory capacity. Two of these are DR4 positive: DQw8, DR4, TNFB*1, TNFa6, B44, A2 and DQw8, DR4, TNFB*2, TNFa2, B15, A2. Individuals carrying the TNFB*2, TNFa2 haplotype had a higher TNF-alpha secretory capacity than those carrying the TNFB*1, TNFa6 haplotype. In a group of DR3/DR4 heterozygous patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM), the frequency of the TNFa2 allele was higher than in HLA-DR matched controls, whereas the TNFa6 allele was more frequent in control individuals. In the DR3/DR4 heterozygous diabetic group 12/26 had the alleles combination DQw8, DR4 (Dw4), C4A3, TNFB*2, TNFa2, B15, whereas only 1/18 controls had this haplotype. This diabetogenic haplotype is identical to the DR4 haplotype which correlates with a higher TNF-alpha response. These observations suggest a direct role for the TNF locus in the pathogenesis of IDDM.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

A short-term cross-over study on oral administration of soluble and insoluble cobalt compounds: sex differences in biological levels.

This paper describes a blind cross-over study on the gastrointestinal uptake of soluble and insoluble cobalt compounds (8.5 mumol/day) in 12 male and 11 female volunteers. In a controlled study it was found that the gastrointestinal uptake of the soluble cobalt compound cobalt chloride was considerably higher than the uptake of the insoluble cobalt compound cobalt oxide (urine ranges: < 0.17-4373 and < 0.17-14.6 nmol/mmol creatinine, respectively). Surprisingly, it was shown that ingestion of controlled amounts of soluble cobalt compound resulted in significantly higher urinary cobalt levels (P < 0.01) in females (median: 109.7 nmol/mmol creatinine) than in males (median: 38.4 nmol/mmol creatinine). The results suggest that the gastrointestinal uptake of cobalt is higher for females than males. The present study shows that the normal levels of cobalt in blood and urine in a non-random-selected group of Danes are low. As the fraction of values below the detection limit of the analytical method was 0.19 and 0.33 for urinary cobalt in females and males, respectively, distribution-free one-sided tolerance intervals were chosen to describe the values. The precision of the estimate of the tolerance intervals was expressed as coverage intervals. In females the 95% one-sided tolerance limit calculated for cobalt in blood and urine was 8.48 and 55.10 nmol/l with coverage intervals of 90% +/- 6.5% and 95% +/- 4.2% at a probability of 0.95, respectively. Even though the studied groups of males and females were not representative for the general population, the study indicates that oral exposure may be important in occupational settings.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Typing of 4AOHW cells by allospecific natural killer cells.

Alloreactivity of human NK cells was tested on a subset of the 4AOHW cell panel. A total of 37 cells were typed with NK clones reactive with the NK-1, 2, 3, and 5 allospecificities. No cell was susceptible to lysis by both by anti-NK-1 and anti-NK-2 clones in accordance with the notion of a biallelic system, where the susceptibility toward lysis is a recessive trait. HLA homozygous cells were lysed either by the anti-NK-1 or anti-NK-2 clones while HLA heterozygous cells in some cases were not lysed by either clone. Negativity for the NK-1 specificity corresponded to the presence of asparagine and lysine at positions 77 and 80, respectively, in the second exon of HLA-C (alleles Cw2, 4, 5, and 6), while negativity for the NK-2 group corresponded to the presence of serine and asparagine, respectively, at these two positions (alleles Cw1, 3, 7, and 8). Too few cells were typed with clones reactive with the NK-3 and NK-5 specificities to enable an analysis of correlation between these specificities and HLA alleles.

Alleles↗
PubMed1993

Analysis of HLA-A/B recombinant families with new polymorphic markers.

The MHC in humans is a much studied region of the genome, the genes of which display a high rate of polymorphism and a high rate of linkage disequilibrium. Four families in which intra-class-I recombination has occurred have been analyzed with six polymorphic markers between HLA-A and -B in order to determine the full haplotypes of the whole families and to localize the points of crossover. The previously proposed order of the markers was confirmed by recombination mapping. In one family, the crossover was shown to have occurred in the 20-kb stretch of DNA bounded by the two markers (P3B and P5) between which no evidence of linkage disequilibrium was found, a region which constitutes of only about 1% of the distance between HLA-A and HLA-B. Although supportive of the suggestion of a hot spot of recombination in this region, based on the apparent lack of linkage disequilibrium between the markers P3B and P5, more such families need to be tested in order to confirm or refute this hypothesis.

Crossing Over, Genetic↗
PubMed1993

Optimization of a method for simultaneous analysis of cell surface phenotype and cell cycle in human bone marrow and peripheral blood leukocytes by flow cytometry: the value of both internal and external standards.

Three different methods for the simultaneous analysis of surface phenotype and DNA quantification were compared. One method, involving the fixation of cells in 70% ethanol, was convincingly superior, both with regard to the CV of the G0G1 peak and the intensity of the DNA labelling. Furthermore, the correlation between the surface antigen densities before and after fixation were high. Experiments evaluating the intraday and the interday variation of the DNA ratio (the mean channel of the G0G1 peak of the sample divided by the mean channel of the G0G1 peak of chicken erythrocytes), documented the former to be small, with S.D. values varying from 0.0 to 0.016, while the latter were considerably higher with S.D. values varying from 0.077 to 0.123. Since the intraday variation of the DNA ratio was consistently low and the interday variation strongly correlated to the position of the red fluorescence test beads, it was possible to minimize the interday variation of the DNA ratio, by calculating the DNA index as the ratio between the DNA ratio of the sample and that of an external control (buffy coat leukocytes). Analyzing normal bone marrow and calculating the DNA index (DI) on the basis of these ratios, the confidence limits of the DI were decreased by more than half the values obtained when DI calculation was based solely on an internal standard, thereby making subsequent ploidy determinations of patient samples more precise. We conclude that this setup of internal and external standards allows accurate determinations of DNA aneuploidy even in an assay where whole cells labelled for surface antigen and DNA content are analyzed.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

[Witch's howls].

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Blast Injuries↗