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Biomedical subjects

M Thompson

Publications and source records attributed to M Thompson.

At least 343 records · Page 19Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

Short-term efficacy and tolerance of tiaprofenic acid ('Surgam') in rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis: multi-centre, placebo-controlled trials.

Two multi-centre, placebo-controlled, crossover trials of tiaprofenic acid were conducted to an identical design: one in 80 patients suffering from rheumatoid arthritis, the other in 60 patients suffering from osteoarthritis. After a washout period, each patient received 600 mg tiaprofenic acid daily and placebo each for 1 week. The results were similar for both trials. Tiaprofenic acid was more effective than placebo in both rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis and differences in all the assessments of efficacy used were statistically significant. This significance was attained from the first day in rheumatoid arthritis and from the second day in osteoarthritis. Tiaprofenic acid was as well tolerated as placebo. Routine laboratory tests revealed no adverse effects. Possible side-effects, which were predominantly mild and related to the gastro-intestinal system, were reported by 23% patients with tiaprofenic acid and 21% patients with placebo. The 2 patients withdrawn for possible side-effects were both receiving placebo.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Defense mechanisms, somatic symptoms and lateral eye movements in females.

Research with male subjects has related lateral eye movements to preferred mode of defense and psychosomatic symptoms. However, previous research has systematically excluded female subjects which precluded the investigation of hypothesized but not yet confirmed patterns of sex differences. The present study examined the relationship between lateral eye movements, psychological defenses, and somatic symptoms in females. Lateral eye-movement patterns were assessed for 32 female undergraduate students, who were then administered the Defense Mechanism Inventory and Body Symptom Questionnaire. The data indicated no relationship between eye-movement patterns and either defensive style or somatic symptoms. Previous concerns about using female subjects in lateral eye-movement studies appear justified as this may decrease the probability of finding effects of lateralization.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Carcinofibroma--a variant of the mixed Mullerian tumour. Case report.

An endometrial neoplasm composed of both stromal and epithelial elements, in which only the epithelial element appeared malignant, is reported. Only two similar cases have previously been described. In view of the rarity of these neoplasms, little is known about their behaviour and this presents problems of management particularly in a young patient.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

A cost-effectiveness analysis of screening for hepatitis B surface antigen in India.

We have developed a quantitative model to study the impact of screening for the hepatitis B surface antigen using either second-generation (counterimmunoelectrophoresis) or third-generation (radioimmunoassay) tests. This model was fashioned for general use but was applied to data on hepatitis for India, in an attempt to determine what factors would most influence the decision to institute a screening program for the surface antigen in that country. Screening for the surface antigen should reduce post-transfusion hepatitis B significantly--second-generation testing by 81% and third-generation testing by 99.4%. The marginal cost of substituting counter-immunoelectrophoresis testing for no testing is 557 rupees per case averted, and that of substituting radioimmunoassay for counterimmunoelectrophoresis testing is 1,120 rupees per case averted. Sensitivity analyses suggest that the major impact on costs will result not from changes in the sensitivity or specificity of new screening tests, but rather in their costs.

Cost-Benefit Analysis↗
PubMed1981

The effects of a preoperational puppet show on anxiety levels of hospitalized children.

This study investigated effects of a preoperative puppet show on anxiety levels of hospitalized children as measured by the Palmar Sweat Index (PSI). Subjects were 28 children, ages 2-7 years inclusive, randomly assigned to treatment and nontreatment groups. Treatment consisted of a puppet show designed to familiarize patients with hospital routines and operational procedures. Two PSI measures were collected for each subject. Analyses of variance were used to test mean differences with data categorized by treatment, by sex, and by interaction of sex and treatment. No interaction was found between treatment and sex. Treatment was associated with a significant reduction in anxiety from the time of admission to the period immediately following the puppet show.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1981

Calcium transport by cardiac sarcoplasmic reticulum: modulation of halothane action by substrate concentration and pH.

The response of calcium transport to halothane by the cardiac sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) was investigated to determine whether the SR is a site for anesthetic depression of the myocardium. It was observed that halothane could both stimulate (by 800%) and inhibit (by 500%) calcium transport. The varied effects are dependent on adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and calcium and hydrogen ion concentrations. At 2.25% halothane, the Km for ATP is decreased from 2.35 to 0.712 mM and Vmax is decreased from 292 to 149 nmoles/mg/2min. It was found that the steady-state level of calcium in the SR was decreased by 33% by halothane at pH 6.9, whereas halothane had no effect at pH 7.3. It was concluded that the SR is an unlikely site of halothane-induced myocardial depression in the normal heart when substrate concentrations and pH are maintained. In the ischemic heart in which the pH and substrate concentration have decreased, the interaction of halothane with the SR might contribute to a decrease in Ca2+ for contraction.

Adenosine Triphosphate↗
PubMed1981

Calcium uptake by isolated sarcoplasmic reticulum: examination of halothane inhibition, pH dependence, and Ca2+ dependence of normal and malignant hyperthermic human muscle.

Ca2+ uptake and release in muscle homogenates and fragmented sarcoplasmic reticulum were examined in biopsy specimens from nonsusceptible and malignant hyperthermia (MH) susceptible patients. Ca2+ flux was examined by the filter binding assay technique using 45Ca. It was found that Ca2+ uptake and release were the same in both normal and MH muscle homogenates. Halothane inhibited the uptake of Ca2+ by the sarcoplasmic reticulum. The halothane inhibition of Ca2+ uptake in normal and MH sarcoplasmic reticulum was fitted to a single line with a correlation coefficient (r) of -0.958. The pH and Ca2+ dependence of Ca2+ uptake were the same for both normal and MH sarcoplasmic reticulum. The pK for Ca2+ uptake is approximately 5.9. It is concluded that the Ca2+ uptake function of the muscle from the five patients with MH examined is not abnormal and might not be the locus for the initiation of MH.

Calcium↗
PubMed1981

Left atrial transport function.

These studies show that the left atrial booster pump action serves as a supercharger which can increase left ventricular stroke volume in the range of 25 percent; and in patients with aortic stenosis, stroke work in the range of 50 percent (4). These changes can occur in the face of increased resistance to left ventricular filling in clinical conditions such as aortic stenosis where there is diminished left ventricular compliance and in mitral stenosis where there is stenotic resistance to left ventricular filling from the atrium. In spite of this fact, assessment of left atrial function by measurement of cardiac output changes occurring after return from atrial fibrillation to normal sinus rhythm yields erratic and confusing results. The reason for this is that atrial function, per se, is not a primary determinant of steady state cardiac output. Sequential A-V pacing may temporarily increase stroke volume in an acute setting like myocardial infarction. Nevertheless, one cannot infer from such observations that the use of permanent transvenous A-V sequential pacing will augment steady state cardiac output over a period of time. This is an important point to remember when considering the use of sequential A-V pacing, since it requires insertion of more complicated pacing and sensing wires as well as a more complex circuitry. All of these features lead to an increased risk of pacemaker malfunction. This increased risk of malfunction is not justified unless there is good evidence that atrial contribution is important in a given patient.

Aortic Valve Stenosis↗
PubMed1981

Predicting vocational aptitude of mentally retarded persons: a comparison of assessment systems.

The relationship between the AAMD Adaptive Behavior Scale (ABS), the Behavioral Characteristics Progression Scale, and the McCarron-Dial Work Evaluation System and the vocational competencies of mentally retarded clients, as typically assessed by the San Francisco Vocational Competency Scale, was examined. Results were discussed in terms of the general applicability of the McCarron-Dial Work Evaluation System in assessing vocational potential of retarded persons when compared to either the ABS or the Behavioral Characteristics Progression Scale.

Adult↗