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Biomedical subjects

M Thomas

Publications and source records attributed to M Thomas.

At least 757 records · Page 42Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

Effect of laser versus placebo in tennis elbow.

The purposes of this study were to compare the pain alleviating effects of laser treatment and placebo in tennis elbow. Also, the effects of laser radiation on the radial sensory nerve conduction, and the temperature changes in the tissue surrounding the treated radial nerve were studied. The results show that laser treatment is not significantly better than placebo in treating tennis elbow. Furthermore, no significant change was noted in the evoked sensory potential as well as subcutaneous temperatures in either experimental or control groups as a result of the applications of the laser radiation treatment.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

AIDS in psychiatry.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1986

Metabolism of 5-hydroxyicosatetraenoate by human neutrophils: production of a novel omega-oxidized derivative.

Human neutrophils incorporated 5-hydroxy-E,Z,Z,Z-6,8,11,14-eicosatetraenoic acid (5-HETE) into cellular triglyceride and phospholipid. They also metabolized 5-HETE into a novel, extracellularly released derivative, 5,20-dihydroxy-E,Z,Z,Z-6,8,11,14-eicosatetraenoic acid (5,20-diHETE). 5,20-diHETE formation predominated at higher substrate concentrations and longer incubation intervals. In the absence of added 5-HETE, 1 X 10(8) neutrophils stimulated with 20 microM ionophore A23187 produced up to 243 ng of 5,20-diHETE, indicating that both endogenously formed and exogenously added substrate could be oxidized at carbon 20. 5,20-diHETE was about 10- to 100-fold weaker than 5-HETE in enhancing human neutrophil degranulation responses to platelet-activating factor. omega-Oxidation appears to be a general enzymatic mechanism for inactivation of arachidonic acid metabolites.

Calcimycin↗
PubMed1986

[Phenytoin treatment of motor diarrhea in diabetic patients].

Phenytoin (diphenylhydantoin) was used in doses of 300 mg/24 hours to treat severe motor diarrhoea in 5 diabetic patients. The patients had been insulin-dependent for 2 to 17 years and had advanced neuropathy. In each case, malabsorption, lesions of the colon or small bowel, endocrine tumour or parasitic, infectious and inflammatory causes could be excluded. Under phenytoin the diarrhoea ceased in all 5 patients within 24 to 48 hours. It recurred in 4 of them within 48 hours when treatment was withdrawn to disappear within the same length of time when it was reintroduced. No relapse was observed for periods of 3 months to 5 years under phenytoin maintenance treatment. The mechanism of action of phenytoin may suggest that diabetic diarrhoea is hormone-mediated or caused by an effect on the autonomous nervous system or on the peptidergic system, but no definite conclusion can be reached in the present state of our knowledge.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Synergism between cytosolic and mitochondrial oxidation: its possible relevance to the metabolism of vitamin D3 in the kidney.

Using frozen liver sections and quantitative cytochemistry it has been established that when cells are allowed to oxidize a cytoplasmic and a mitochondrial substrate simultaneously the resulting oxidative activity is markedly higher than the sum of the oxidation of each substrate measured separately. In the present study this type of synergistic interaction has been confirmed in the kidney, particularly in cells of the pars recta. Our results support the evidence of the influence of cytoplasmic NADPH on the intramitochondrial oxidative process and it is suggested that, in cells of the pars recta, cytosolic NADPH may be involved in intramitochondrial mixed function oxidases such as 1 alpha-hydroxylase: these results could further elucidate the mechanism responsible for the production of the hormonal form of vitamin D3.

Anaerobiosis↗
PubMed1986

Parathyroid hormone and neonatal calcium homeostasis: evidence for secondary hyperparathyroidism in the Asian neonate.

Calcium, 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25 OHD), and parathyroid hormone (PTH) concentrations were measured in 11 Asian and ten Caucasian pregnant women at parturition and in their respective newborns following a full term normal delivery. Maternal calcium and 25 OHD concentrations were significantly lower while PTH concentrations were significantly greater in Asians than those in Caucasians. There was a significant inverse relationship between calcium and PTH and the relationship between 25 OHD and PTH concentrations. Neonatal calcium and 25 OHD concentrations were also significantly lower and PTH concentrations significantly higher in Asians than those in Caucasians. There was a highly significant inverse correlation between neonatal calcium and PTH concentrations. Three of the 11 Asian babies had supranormal concentrations of PTH in their cord blood. We conclude that PTH participates in neonatal calcium homeostasis and Asian newborns have frequent secondary hyperparathyroidism.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

[Current ideas on the treatment of obesity].

Until such time as new products under development provide us with the ideal drug, current research on the treatment of obesity concentrates on diet and way of life. The value of leguminous plants and a reasonable amount of fruit is emphasized, and prescription is assisted by computer programs. Physical exercise, particularly when moderate and prolonged, uses lipolysis for the best. Pharmaceutical research is directed towards drugs acting on the hypothalamus, devoid of amphetamine-like effects (e.g. d-fenfluramine, PM 170, mazindol or even naloxone and bombesin), acting on insulin secretion (e.g. phenytoin) or directly stimulating lipolysis in fatty tissue (e.g. RO 220654).

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Change in adaptive behaviour of severely and profoundly mentally handicapped adults in different residential settings.

A demographic sample of 28 severely and profoundly mentally handicapped adults with a mental age of four years and below were assessed on Part 1 of the Adaptive Behavior Scale (ABS) at three points 18 months apart. The Griffiths Mental Development Scales and Reynell Developmental Language Scales were also conducted at the first and last assessment points. The subjects were resident in either a small community-based home, the parental home or other residential institutions. The small-home group showed the greatest adaptive behaviour change particularly in the areas of independent functioning, domestic skills and self-direction and on the scale total. Although reservations are expressed on the accuracy of assessment, the ABS data and the comparative result received some validation from the mental age and language assessments. Gains were independent of subject characteristics. The study adds to the literature showing adaptive behaviour gains arising from transfer from institutional to more normal residential environments. However, in attributing the results found to the general characteristics of the residential settings, the explicit programming emphasis of the small-home service should not be overlooked.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Low 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D, secondary hyperparathyroidism, and normal osteocalcin in elderly subjects.

The relationship among serum vitamin D metabolites, PTH, and osteocalcin concentrations was investigated in 20 elderly subjects. All except 2 had subnormal 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations. Eighteen (90%) had subnormal serum 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D [1,25-(OH)2D] concentrations, while 8 subjects (40%) had elevated PTH concentrations. There was a highly significant inverse relationship between PTH and 1,25-(OH)2D concentrations. Serum osteocalcin concentrations were not elevated in any subject, and in fact, the mean osteocalcin concentration was in the lower part of the normal range. These data indicate no compensatory increase in 1,25-(OH)2D in response to secondary hyperparathyroidism and no increase in osteocalcin in response to hypersecretion of PTH in the elderly. These 2 defects may contribute to the bone disease of the elderly.

Aged↗
PubMed1986

The use of gentamicin-PMMA chains in abdominal surgery: a pilot study of prophylaxis against wound infection.

A prospective study was carried out to examine the effectiveness of gentamicin-impregnated polymethylmethacrylate beads in the prevention of wound sepsis after gastro-intestinal surgery. The beads were laid in the abdominal and perineal incisions (61 wounds) of 55 patients at the end of the operative procedures, and were withdrawn in stages from the fifth post-operative day. This method of administration results in a sustained high antibiotic concentration in the wound with low serum and urine concentrations, thus eliminating the dangers of gentamicin toxicity. Wound infection occurred in only 1 instance, a favourable result when compared to historical controls. It is suggested that further controlled studies of this method of topical prophylactic antibiotic administration are indicated.

Abdomen↗