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Biomedical subjects

M Tayama

Publications and source records attributed to M Tayama.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

Diagnosis of atlantoaxial subluxation in Morquio's syndrome and spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia congenita.

Compression of the spinal cord due to atlantoaxial subluxation was diagnosed in a patient with Morquio's syndrome and in another with spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia (SED) congenita by cervical radiography and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The patient with Morquio's syndrome, a 15 year old boy, had no neurologic symptoms and his somatosensory evoked potential (SSEP) was normal. However, MRI demonstrated spinal cord compression at C1-C2. In contrast, the patient with SED congenita, an 11 year old girl, had neck pain, hyperreflexia and loss of vibration sense in both legs. These findings were explained by the absence of P3 and later waves in SSEP and by compression of the spinal cord observed on MRI. Both SSEP and MRI should be used for evaluating disorders in which atlantoaxial subluxation might be present.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Reduced thyroid-stimulating hormone response to thyrotropin-releasing hormone in autistic boys.

The thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and prolactin responses to thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) were compared among four groups of boys--41 autistic, 12 mentally retarded (MR), 12 with minimal brain dysfunction (MBD) and five controls. The autistic boys were divided into two groups: DQ(IQ) greater than or equal to 80 and DQ(IQ) less than 80. Mean TSH basal and peak levels were significantly lower in both autistic groups than in the MR, MBD and control groups. Mean TSH peak value minus basal value (p-b) was significantly lower in both autistic groups than in the control group. Mean prolactin levels and p-b value did not differ among groups. It is suggested that there may be enhanced dopaminergic and/or reduced serotonergic activity in the central nervous system of autistic children, together with hypothalamic dysfunction.

Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity↗
PubMed1991

[A case with MELAS associated with epilepsia partialis continua].

We report a 14-year-old boy with mitochondrial myopathy, encephalopathy, lactic acidosis, and strokelike episodes (MELAS) who presented repeated episodes of abdominal pain and vomiting since the age of 8 years. In addition, he developed strokelike episodes with myoclonic seizures and transient hemiplegia on three occasions. At the age of 14-1/12-years, he also developed epilepsia partialis continua persisting for 10 days, which was associated with myoclonic seizures synchronized with spike discharges at the right central area. Laboratory examination disclosed increased levels of lactate and pyruvate in serum and CSF and low density areas in the bilateral temporal regions on CT scan. Muscle biopsy showed scattered ragged-red fibers. The enzyme activities (pyruvate dehydrogenase complex, pyruvate carboxylase, phosphoenol pyruvate carboxykinase, and cytochrome c oxidase) and the rates of decarboxylation of [3-14C]pyruvate in cultured skin fibroblasts were within normal ranges.

Acidosis, Lactic↗
PubMed1991

Reduced midbrain and pons size in children with autism.

Recent reports suggested functional abnormalities of the brain stem in autistic children. Moreover, structural brain abnormalities have also been reported, so we analyzed magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan in autistic children. MRI scans for 29 autistic children were compared with 15 control MRI scans. The midbrain and pons were measured. The midbrain and pons size were found to be significantly smaller in the autistic group. This suggests that the structure of the brain stem is anatomically altered in autistic children.

Autistic Disorder↗
PubMed1990

Cranial MR imaging in patients with von Recklinghausen's disease (neurofibromatosis type I).

MR imaging was performed for 24 patients with von Recklinghausen's disease. Twenty of the 24 patients showed abnormal findings in MR imaging. In many cases, the lesions were multifocal. In 14 patients small focal areas of increased signal on T2-weighted images were thought to represent heterotopias or hamartomas. Eight patients had optic tract gliomas. Three patients had parenchymal gliomas. In one patient, white matter showed high intensity on T2-weighted images representing delayed myelination. The rate of abnormal findings was higher for MR imaging than CT. MR imaging was found to be an excellent imaging method for known diseases and for detecting lesions in asymptomatic patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

[Electrophysiological studies on hydranencephaly].

Electrophysiological studies were performed on two children with hydranencephaly that was diagnosed by CT and/or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Case 1 was a 4-months-old boy who had no rostral tissue above the midbrain. Case 2 was a 5-years-old boy in whom CT showed the presence of the thalamus. Short latency somatosensory evoked potentials (SSEP) in both cases exhibited the absence of cortical activity (N1 and P4) with the preservation of waves of brainstem origin. However, in case 1, the wave component N0 was not observed, while N0 was seen in case 2. Thus, the N0 was component of SSEP on median nerve stimulation in children, which corresponds to N16 in adults, may originate in the thalamus.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1990

[Thyroid cancer metastasis to the lumbar spine successfully treated by embolization and radioiodine. A case report].

A 82-year-old woman suffered from a metastatic lesion of follicular carcinoma of the thyroid to the fourth lumbar spine, which compressed the spinal nerves and caused lumbar pain and paresthesis of the lower limb. External irradiation, 5200 RAD, was carried out. Total thyroidectomy was done for the preparation of radioiodine(131I) therapy. Two weeks later, embolization of lumbar arteries was performed to prevent the progression of the spinal cord damage during a period waiting for 131I administration. The size of the lumbar lesion decreased, and lumbal pain and spinal cord symptoms disappeared. After administration of 131I, the metastatic lesion became further smaller.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1989

Sleep in the Down syndrome.

Polysomnographic recordings were obtained for 10 Down syndrome (DS) children (6 males and 4 females, 9 months to 7 years old) and 16 age-matched normal controls. The present study was conducted to study the sleep characteristics of DS patients of this age group. The percentage of each sleep stage, rapid eye movements (REMs)/min, time intervals between REMs(I)/min, times of awakening in the middle of sleep, body movements (BMs) and twitch movements (TMs) were studied. I/min was divided into three frequencies: I less than 1 sec, l less than or equal to I less than 2 sec and I greater than or equal to 2 sec. Two of the 10 patients showed an increase in the percentage of REM sleep. In the group aged 1 to 5 years old, the REMs/min and I/min (I less than 1 sec) values were higher than those in normal controls (p less than 0.05). Many times of awakening in the middle of sleep (greater than or equal to 5 times and/or greater than or equal to 60 min) were observed in 4 cases. The frequency of BMs in total sleep was higher than that in controls (p less than 0.01). Five of the 10 cases showed an abnormal pattern as to the frequency of BMs during each sleep stage. The frequency of TMs was less than that in controls (total sleep and stage 1, p less than 0.05; stage REM, p less than 0.01). Seven of 9 cases showed an abnormal pattern as to the frequency of TMs during each sleep stage.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Child↗
PubMed1989

Magnetic resonance imaging in autism: preliminary report.

MRI was performed for 18 autistic patients, 11 patients with uncomplicated mental retardation (MR) and 18 controls. In autism and MR, and altered left/right relationship of the frontal lobe volume was observed. The altered asymmetry was more severe in autism than in MR. The brain stem was smaller in MR than in the controls, and the right operculum was smaller in MR than in autism. These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that some autisms may involve a type of early developmental abnormality. Furthermore, our results suggest that autism may involve a type of structural brain impairment different from MR.

Autistic Disorder↗
PubMed1989

[Clinical experience with clarithromycin in the pediatric field].

Clarithromycin (TE-031, A-56268) was orally administered to 20 children with the following acute bacterial infections; 1 case of acute pharyngitis, 3 cases of acute tonsillitis, 11 cases of acute bronchitis, 1 case of exacerbation of chronic bronchitis, 1 case of acute bronchopneumonia, 2 cases of Mycoplasma pneumonia and 1 case of impetigo. Clinical effectiveness was obtained in 15 out of the 20 cases (75.0%). No clinical side effects and laboratory abnormalities were observed. The above results suggest that TE-031 is a useful antibiotics for treating pediatric patients with various bacterial infections.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1989

[Short latency somatosensory evoked potentials following median nerve stimulation in children].

We investigated short latency somatosensory evoked potentials (SSEP) to median nerve stimulation in normal children and children with neurological disorders. The waveform of SSEP in normal children was almost the same as that in adults. The peak latency and interpeak latency in normal children changed during their development. Moreover, after 3 years of age, each peak latency was positively correlated with the body length and arm length. Each peak latency per 1 m of body length decreased with age. We examined SSEP in children with various neurological disorders and found that SSEP was useful for evaluating sensory functions and somatosensory damages in children who were unable to cooperate in clinical examinations. Using SSEP, we could estimate the distal margin of the lesion in the somatosensory pathway, but it was difficult to determine the accurate range of the lesion.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Short latency somatosensory evoked potentials in children with autism.

SSEP were recorded in normal volunteer, autism, MBD and MR groups in order to find electrophysiological evidence of a brain lesion. Peak latencies per 1 m body length, P1/H, P2/H and P3/H in MR, and P3/H in autism, were greater than those in normal controls. The values of interpeak latencies per 1 m body length, P1-P3/H and P2-P3/H in autism and MR, were greater than those in normal controls. These in MBD were not different from in normal controls. The cause of the increase in P1/H in MR is unknown. The increases in P1-P3/H and P2-P3/H suggest that in autism and MR there is brainstem dysfunction. It is not clear whether there is a relationship among autism, MBD and MR.

Autistic Disorder↗
PubMed1985

Short latency somatosensory evoked potentials to peroneal nerve stimulation in normal Japanese children.

Short latency somatosensory evoked potentials (SSEP) were elicited by stimulation of the peroneal nerve in 68 normal children of 39 weeks to 15 years old. In all subjects, three positive potentials (P1, P2 and P3) and one negative potential (N1) were consistently recorded. A further positive potential (P4) after N1 was not always observed. There was no change of wave form with development. P1, P2, P3 and N1 might be generated in subcortical structures; caudal cervical spine, brainstem, thalamus and thalamocortical pathway, respectively. The latency of each peak per one meter body length decreased with age until 5 or 6 years of age. Moreover, the latency between peaks per one meter body length also decreased with age until 5 to 6 years of age. These findings are consistent with the development of SSEP on median nerve stimulation and with the developmental phenomenon of spinal conduction velocity, and might be related to the increase in the diameter and the progressive myelination of nerve fibers.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Spinal evoked potentials in normal Japanese infants and children.

The spinal evoked potentials on right peroneal nerve stimulation were recorded with surface electrodes in 58 normal children of 41 weeks to 15 years old. Bipolar recordings were performed. In all subjects, tri- or quadri -phasic potentials with poorly defined initial positive phases were recorded. The latency of the evoked potentials increased progressively from the lumbar to cervical location. The peripheral conduction velocity from the stimulating cathode in the popliteal fossa to the lumbar recording location increased until 4 or 5 years, and then reached a plateau. Spinal conduction velocity between the lumbar and cervical locations increased until 7 years, and then remained constant.

Adolescent↗