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Biomedical subjects

M Tashiro

Publications and source records attributed to M Tashiro.

At least 163 records · Page 9Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

Correction of ornithine transcarbamylase (OTC) deficiency in spf-ash mice by introduction of rat OTC gene.

We introduced rat ornithine transcarbamylase (OTC) gene into OTC-deficient spf-ash mice by mating spf-ash heterozygotes with transgenic mice which carried recombinant DNA composed of 1.3 kb of the 5' flanking region of the gene fused onto rat OTC cDNA. The liver OTC activity of hemizygous spf-ash mice which carried the transgene was about twice that of nontransgenic spf-ash mice, and the small intestinal OTC activity was 6 times higher; the values being 12% and 27% of the control levels, respectively. The transgenic spf-ash mice showed normal hair growth without sparse fur, nearly normalized urinary orotic acid excretion and normalized serum citrulline concentration.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Synthesis of the NS 2 nonstructural protein messenger RNA of influenza A viruses occurs in the absence of viral protein synthesis.

The NS 2 messenger RNA (mRNA) of several influenza A viruses was shown to be synthesized in primary transcription. Analysis of in vitro translation products of mRNAs from infected MDCK cells treated with cycloheximide indicated that the NS 2 mRNA in addition to the NS 1 mRNA was synthesized with PR/8, Udorn, and Aichi viruses. The findings indicated that the NS 1 mRNA of these viruses was able to be spliced into the NS 2 mRNA as a primary transcript without viral protein synthesis, although the extent of splicing varied among different virus strains.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Pneumotropic revertants derived from a pantropic mutant, F1-R, of Sendai virus.

Revertants were isolated from the protease activation mutant of Sendai virus, F1-R, which causes a systemic infection in mice. The fusion (F) glycoprotein of F1-R is susceptible to activation cleavage by ubiquitous cellular proteases and is thus responsible for pantropism in mice (Tashiro et al., 1988. Virology 165, 577-583). The revertants regained several phenotypes of wild-type virus; they required exogenous trypsin for activation of the F protein in cell cultures and in nonpulmonary mouse tissues and they were exclusively pneumotropic in mice. On the other hand, phenotypes of F1-R that remained unchanged by the revertants were bipolar budding in polarized epithelial cells, enhanced electrophoretic migration of the matrix protein, and the lack of a glycosylation site in the F2 subunit of the F protein. Comparative RNA sequence analysis of the F gene of the revertants revealed that the reduced cleavability of the F protein of the revertants was the result of the predicted single amino acid reversion (Pro to Ser) at residue 115 adjacent to the cleavage site. Thus the sequence at the cleavage site of the revertants was Ser-Lys compared with Pro-Lys for F1-R and Ser-Arg for wild-type virus. The results indicate that enhanced cleavability of the glycoprotein, a feature often associated with multiple basic residues within the cleavage site of paramyxovirus F proteins and influenza virus hemagglutinins, can also be determined by a single basic amino acid following proline. Additionally, the revertants were less susceptible to the activator for wild-type virus present in mouse lungs and less pathogenic for this organ than wild-type virus. These results provide further evidence that proteolytic activation of the F protein by host proteases is the primary determinant for organ tropism and pathogenicity of Sendai virus in mice. One of the revertants was also temperature sensitive (ts); the ts lesion in the nucleoprotein gene was identical to that found in ts-f1, the ts host range mutant from which F1-R was derived.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1991

The amino acid sequence of a Bowman-Birk type proteinase inhibitor from faba beans (Vicia faba L.).

The amino acid sequence of a Bowman-Birk type proteinase inhibitor (FBI) from seeds of faba bean (Vicia faba L.) was determined by analysis of peptide fragments generated by reduction and S-carboxymethylation of enzymatically modified inhibitors, which were obtained from native FBI by limited proteolysis with TPCK-trypsin or TLCK-chymotrypsin at pH 3.5. The established sequence showed that FBI is highly homologous with Vicia angustifolia inhibitor (VAI0 but lacks the portion corresponding to the C-terminal 9 amino acids of VAI. The trypsin reactive-site peptide bond in FBI was also indicated to be Lys(16)-Ser(17) and the chymotrypsin reactive-site peptide bond to be Tyr(42)-Ser(43) by limited proteolysis with TPCK-trypsin or TLCK-chymotrypsin and by sequence comparison with other Bowman-Birk type inhibitors.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1991

Anaplastic large cell lymphoma, so-called Ki-1 lymphoma: a report of a case of long course.

A 55-year-old female with a complaint of tumors on the right lower extremity was reported. The condition was diagnosed as anaplastic large cell lymphoma, so-called Ki-1 lymphoma, by its histological and immunohistochemical features. The clonal proliferation of the infiltrating cells of the skin lesions was confirmed by the analysis of T cell receptor gene rearrangement. The lesions have repeatedly occurred on the right lower extremity for more than ten years. In this report, we also discuss the prognosis of anaplastic large cell lymphoma with or without skin lesions.

Anaplasia↗
PubMed1991

Immunolocalization of desmoglein I ("band 3" polypeptide) on acantholytic cells in pemphigus vulgaris, Darier's disease, and Hailey-Hailey's disease.

Acantholysis is defined as loss of coherence between epithelial cells and is histologically shown in several bullous diseases. It was postulated that desmoglein I, one of the major transmembrane glycoproteins of the desmosome, may adhere to the attachment plaque inside the cell and contribute to desmoglea outside the cell. In this study we used a well characterized antibody against desmoglein I for immunofluorescence and immunoelectron microscopic techniques on 2 cases each of pemphigus vulgaris and Darier's disease and one case of Hailey-Hailey's disease. In the normal epidermis desmosomes were demonstrated in dotted or rim-like patterns along cell periphery on immunofluorescence study. In pemphigus vulgaris dotted or rim-like patterns were still identified in many acantholytic cells, particularly in early phase of acantholysis. In Darier's disease and Hailey-Hailey's disease, dotted or rim-like patterns were already lost in early acantholysis and immunoreactive desmoglein I proteins were observed diffusely in the cytoplasm. Immunoelectron microscopy confirmed these immunofluorescence observations. It was suggested that in pemphigus vulgaris desmoglein I is unlikely to be the primary site of acantholysis because dotted or rim-like patterns of immunoreactive desmoglein I are relatively preserved on lesional cells, whereas in genodermatoses such as Darier's disease and Hailey-Hailey's disease primary abnormalities of desmosomes may be involved in their acantholysis.

Acantholysis↗
PubMed1991

Short arm deletion of chromosome 1: del(1)(p13.3 p22.3) in a female infant with an extreme tetralogy of Fallot.

High-resolution chromosome analysis showed the karyotype 46,XX,del(1)(p13.3 p22.3) in a female infant with an extreme tetralogy of Fallot and multiple congenital anomalies. The patient showed characteristic features: upper and lower eyelids connected to each other by a string-like epithelium, low hairline, epicanthal folds, saddle nose with a broad, flat root, micrognathia, short neck, high-arched palate, prominent xiphisternum, wide-spaced nipples, bilateral pes equinovarus, fifth toes that overlapped the fourth toes bilaterally, a deep fissure between the first and second toes bilaterally, and abnormal flexions of fingers and toes. Growth and psychomotor retardation were also noted. Cardiac catheterization revealed an extreme tetralogy of Fallot complicated by a patent ductus arteriosus. Ventricular tachycardia and ventricular premature beats developed during the neonatal period and did not respond well to anti-arrhythmic drugs. She died of the anoxia caused by closure of the patent ductus arteriosus when she was 7 months old.

Cardiac Catheterization↗
PubMed1991

Basigin, a new member of the immunoglobulin superfamily: genes in different mammalian species, glycosylation changes in the molecule from adult organs and possible variation in the N-terminal sequences.

Basigin is a new member of the immunoglobulin superfamily with homology to both the immunoglobulin V domain and major histocompatibility complex class II antigen beta-chain. Southern blot analysis indicated that the basigin gene was present as a single copy or as a few copies per mouse genome. Although a homologous gene was detected in the hamster and human, Southern and Northern blotting experiments indicated considerable species specificity in the basigin structure. The molecular weight of N-glycanase-treated basigin from embryonal carcinoma cells was about 32,000 and was close to the value of basigin polypeptide inferred from the cDNA sequence; the result confirmed the open reading frame of basigin. Upon Western blotting, large amounts of basigin were detected in the mouse kidney as a glycoprotein bound to Ricinus communis agglutinin (RCA)-I and as a glycoprotein bound to concanavalin A; the molecular weight of the former was 38,000-43,000, and of the latter was 30,000. Basigin of the molecular weight of 48,000 was detected in RCA-I-binding glycoproteins of the liver, small intestine and spleen. Thus, different forms of basigin can be produced by different modes of glycosylation. Another source of heterogeneity of basigin may be differences in N-terminal sequences, since cDNA clones with different 5' coding sequences were identified.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1991

Purification, characterization, and amino acid sequence of foxtail millet trypsin inhibitor III.

One of the major trypsin inhibitors of foxtail millet, Setaria italica, was purified from a seed extract to an electrophoretically homogeneous protein by methods including chromatofocusing and affinity chromatography. This inhibitor (FMTI-III) was shown to be specific and single-headed for trypsin. The molecular weight and the amino acid composition together with the above nature were identical with those of another major trypsin inhibitor (FMTI-II) previously purified from foxtail millet grain. Sequence analysis of FMTI-III indicated that the protein contains 67 amino acid residues, the sequence of which is the same as that of FMTI-II except for the replacement of the C-terminal glutamine by glutamic acid. This single amino acid substitution had no effect on inhibitor-enzyme association.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1991

Molecular biology of the pathogenesis of Sendai viruses.

Protease activation mutant (ts-f1) was isolated from persistently infected cells, and a pantropic mutant, F1-R, was derived from ts-f1. The mutants have been found to be extremely useful for investigations on the molecular biology of paramyxoviruses. The genome of the mutants has been sequenced and mutations were revealed in several proteins encoded by the genes. Three of the six mutations in the fusion (F) proteins were considered prime candidates for the determinants of pantropism. Characterization of the revertants, that are no longer pantropic and derived from F1-R, revealed that the mutation at amino acid residue (115 Arg to Pro) of the F protein is responsible for pantropism. Another important finding was bipolar budding of F1-R in polarized epithelial cells and mouse bronchial epithelium. It has been postulated that mutation(s) in the matrix (M) protein may be associated with bipolar budding since the revertants retained this phenotype of F1-R.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

[HTLV-I associated myelopathy (HAM) and sarcoid myopathy].

A 65-year-old house-wife developed dirty erythematous rash on her face in April, 1989. Almost simultaneously, she complained of muscle soreness and weakness on both lower extremities. Pathological findings of the skin biopsy at that time was consistent with those of sarcoidosis with moderate inflammatory cell infiltration. In December, 1989, when she was admitted to our hospital, her lower extremities were paretic with marked spasticity, and mild bladder dysfunction was noted. HTLV-I antibody titers in serum and cerebrospinal fluid were significantly elevated. Biopsied limb skeletal muscle revealed the findings of the sarcoid myopathy with small inflammatory cell infiltration in endomysium. HLA haplotypes showed A24, B7, BW61, CW7, CW8, DR1 and DR4 which show relatively common types of those in HAM. Corticosteroid treatments including the methylprednisolone pulse therapy healed the skin lesion, but did not improve her neurological signs. Paraplegia and urinary disturbance were progressive. It is concluded that the inflammatory sarcoid myopathy with HAM in this patient may be caused by a common abnormal immunological background.

Aged↗
PubMed1991

Case report: computed tomography findings in Williams-Campbell syndrome.

Williams-Campbell syndrome is a rare type of cystic bronchiectasis that is due to defective cartilage of fourth-to sixth-order bronchi. The diagnosis has been made either at autopsy or by bronchographic findings. The article describes an adult case of this syndrome with CT findings that are characteristic of this entity. CT showed areas of emphysematous lung parenchyma distal to the dilated bronchi, suggesting bronchiolitis obliterans secondary to proximal cystic bronchiectasis. These findings are useful in differentiating Williams-Campbell syndrome from other causes of cystic bronchiectasis, thus obviating bronchography.

Bronchiectasis↗
PubMed1991

[The effect of drug therapy and stellate ganglion block with or without oxygen inhalation on sudden hearing loss].

Forty-one patients suffering from sudden hearing loss were studied by the following method. Twenty patients (group A) were treated with oral administration of prednisolone, intravenous administration of vitamin B and C, furosemide and stellate ganglion block. Another 21 patients (group B) were treated with oral administration of these drugs, stellate ganglion block and oxygen inhalation. Forty six percent of all these patients, 35 percent of group A and 57 percent of group B, regained less than 20 dB of their normal hearing level. The patients who are younger, having shorter duration from first finding of symptoms to starting of therapy and smaller average deficiency of hearing, without dizziness are easy to recover. Oxygen inhalation with drug therapy and stellate ganglion block is a useful treatment for sudden hearing loss.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Zinc deficiency: report of three cases.

Acrodermatitis enteropathica has been reported as the skin disorder due to the congenital disturbance of zinc absorption in the intestine. We report on three patients with skin eruptions that resembled acrodermatitis enteropathica. Two were thought to have resulted from intravenous hyperalimentation and the other from artificial feeding.

Acrodermatitis↗