Biomedical subjects

M Tashiro

Publications and source records attributed to M Tashiro.

275 records · Page 16Linked to original sources

PubMedDate not supplied

Heparin bonding of the extracorporeal circuit reduces thrombosis during prolonged lung assist in goats.

This study investigated whether an artificial membrane lung of nonmicroporous polyolefin hollow fibers bonded with heparin could prolong venoarterial extracorporeal lung assist (ECLA) with low dose systemic heparin in goats. We compared heparin bonded circuits (Carmeda Bioactive Surface, "HB" group, n = 5) with non heparin bonded circuits ("NHB" group, n = 5) in venoarterial ECLA (V-A ECLA) for 7 days. Activated coagulation time (ACT) was maintained at approximately 130 sec by systemic infusion of small doses of heparin in the HB group, and at 200-230 sec in the NHB group. Thrombus formation was assessed by visual examination of the circuit, and possible cerebral embolization of thrombi was observed from behavioral abnormalities of the animals. The mean heparin dose given during ECLA was 20.4 +/- 3.6 U/kg per hr in HB, and 50.9 +/- 14.2 U/kg per hr in NHB, significantly less in HB than NHB (p < 0.01). Blood gas changes across the oxygenator, bypass flow rate, platelet aggregation activity, platelet counts, fibrin monomer (FM) test, and antithrombin-III (AT-III) activity did not differ between the two groups. In HB, thrombi were fewer and no abnormal neurologic symptoms were observed during ECLA. Numerous thrombi were observed in all oxygenators with NHB. One NHB goat developed convulsions and cerebral hemorrhage on the 6th day of ECLA. Nonmicroporous polyolefin hollow fibers can be bonded with heparin. An artificial membrane lung constructed of these fibers showed good anticoagulation by decreased thrombus formation with a small dose of infused heparin.

Animals↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Regional cerebral glucose metabolism of patients with malignant diseases in different clinical phases.

BACKGROUND: Psychological and psychiatric aspects of cancer patients have not been studied well in terms of functional neuroimaging. The aim of this pilot study was to investigate the relationship between regional cerebral metabolism and different clinical phases. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Relative cerebral glucose metabolism of 77 Japanese patients with various types of malignant diseases was studied by positron emission tomography with 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose. They were subgrouped into the 1) pre-treatment, 2) post-treatment, 3) recurrence and 4) terminal patient groups. These subgroups were compared to the control group of 17 in-patients with benign diseases, using voxel-based Statistic Parametrical Mapping software (SPM). RESULTS: Relative reduction in the regional cerebral metabolism was detected in the prefrontal and basolateral (inferolateral) prefrontal cortex, orbitofrontal cortex, anterior and posterior cingulate gyrus, insula, basal ganglia, hippocampus and thalamus in the pre-treatment group. The anterior and posterior cingulate gyri were hypometabolic only in the pre-treatment group. Hypometabolic areas were detected only in the basolateral prefrontal cortex, orbitofrontal cortex, ventral part of cingulate gyrus and insula in the post-treatment group. In the terminal group, the hypometabolic pattern seemed very close to that in the pre-treatment group. The results seemed to suggest that hypometabolic findings before treatments could reverse after treatments but became prominent again in terminal stages. These results do not contradict with previous epidemiological findings that high incidence of adjustment disorders was seen in earlier stages and more brain organic syndromes were seen in terminal stages. CONCLUSION: It could be speculated that decreased metabolism in early stages reflects state-dependent changes and that decreased metabolism in the terminal stages reflects organic brain damages. brain of cancer patients show a fluctuation in the regional metabolism. This finding might give a suggestion that functional imaging could be used as a supplementary method for psychological evaluation of patients with severe diseases.

Brain↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Pancytopenia in tuberous sclerosis.

A 46-year-old woman with edema and pancytopenia was referred for further evaluation. She was diagnosed as tuberous sclerosis with clinical manifestations such as facial adenoma sebaceous, ungual and periungual fibroma, subependymal nodules and renal angiomyolipoma. Her edema seemed due to hypercardiac function induced by massive anemia. X-ray revealed extraordinary thickening of the cortex of long bones of the extremities as well as patchy osteosclerotic findings in vertebra, suggesting that hematopoietic space was significantly reduced. Pancytopenia improved after splenectomy. Histological examination revealed several intrasplenic hemangiomas but its relationship to hypersplenism was not clear. It seemed that her massive pancytopenia was induced by a combination of hypersplenism and significant reduction in hematopoetic space. In tuberous sclerosis, various systemic complications sometimes induce severe hematological abnormalities. According to previous literatures, the present case of tuberous sclerosis manifested the most outstanding hematological complications.

Brain↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Depressive state and regional cerebral activity in cancer patients - a preliminary study.

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to investigate influences of depressive states, chemotherapy and existence of remaining tumors on the regional brain activity of cancer patients. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Positron emission tomography with 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose was performed on 21 patients with various types of cancer. Their brain images were compared to 10 age- and gender-matched control data using statistical parametric mapping (SPM). The patients were subgrouped into the with and without depression based on the scores on Zung's self-rating depression scale (SDS), with and without previous chemotherapy, and with and without existence of remaining tumors. RESULTS: Significant metabolic reduction was detected in the cingulate gyrus, prefrontal, dorsolateral prefrontal, temporoparietal cortices and basal ganglia in cancer patients. These findings were close to known lesions of major depression. Intra-group comparisons showed that these hypometabolic findings were associated with the depth of depressive state. Influences of chemotherapy and remaining tumors on the cerebral cortex seemed to be weaker than that of psychological factors. CONCLUSIONS: The present pilot study suggests that frontal hypoactivity commonly seen in cancer patients is likely to be associated with depression rather than chemotherapy or remaining tumors. A brain mapping technique might be useful in evaluating neuropsychiatric problems in cancer patients.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Intraluminal irradiation for T2M0 esophageal cancer: effect of patient selection on prognosis.

The contribution of intraluminal irradiation to the prognosis of T2M0 esophageal cancer was examined with reference to patient selection. To determine the effect of patient selection, we used esophagrams to assess the potential difficulty of inserting a tube for intraluminal irradiation in 39 patients who were treated with external irradiation prior to 1982. Twenty-two patients were assessed as likely to have been able to undergo intraluminal irradiation (group 1) while 17 were assessed as unlikely to have been able to undergo the procedure (group 2). Of 36 patients treated after 1983, 19 patients were treated with a combination of intraluminal irradiation and external beam therapy (group 3) and 17 by external irradiation alone (group 4). The median survival times of groups 1, 2, 3, and 4 were 10.8, 6.4, 12.0, and 8.5 months, respectively. The prognosis of patients treated with combination therapy (group 3) was superior to that of those treated before 1982 (groups 1 + 2). However, there was no improvement in the prognosis of T2M0 esophageal cancer treated by radiotherapy after the introduction of intraluminal irradiation, and the difference between the survival curves of patients treated by combination therapy (group 3) and with a wide esophageal lumen (group 1) was not significant. Our study thus showed that the selection of patients according to the insertability of the intraluminal therapy tube affected the prognosis.

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