Two novel gene mutations in type I antithrombin deficiency.
We studied the molecular basis of type I antithrombin (AT) deficiency in 2 Japanese families, in which affected persons had histories of recurrent venous thrombosis and low (about 50% of normal) levels of AT protein according to measurements by both functional and antigen assays. Southern blotting of DNA isolated from peripheral leukocytes revealed no abnormalities in all the cases examined. Direct sequencing of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) products from case I suggested a novel heterozygous nonsense mutation in exon 4 (GAG-->TAG at nucleotide position 7627, leading to Glu306 stop). The sequencing of the subclones of the patient's exon 4 products confirmed the nonsense mutation. No other sequence abnormalities were detected in the rest of the PCR products. The same mutation was detected in this patient's brother, who had a history of recurrent venous thrombosis and a reduced level of AT activity. In case 2, the direct sequencing of PCR products suggested a novel heterozygous 9-bp deletion in exon 3a (-CACTTC at nucleotide position 5354-5362, leading to the deletion of 3 amino acids, His120, Phel21, and Phe122). The 9-bp deletion mutation in the region of a unique quasi palindrome was confirmed by sequencing several of the subclones of the patient's exon 3a from the PCR products. No other mutations were found by direct sequencing of the rest of the coding regions. The 2 mutations found in this study are novel. The use of PCR and the sequencing of the PCR product subclones has simplified and confirmed the detection and characterization of the various AT mutations.