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Biomedical subjects

M Taniguchi

Publications and source records attributed to M Taniguchi.

At least 415 records · Page 23Linked to original sources
PubMed1996

[The metabolism of glucose and lipids in patients with liver disease undergoing upper abdominal operation and the influence of the difference of intraoperative fluids].

To clarify the change of glucose and lipids metabolism in patients with liver disease undergoing upper abdominal operation, we examined the serum level of glucose, total ketone body, free fatty acid and l-lactate. At the end of the operation, 1-lactate level increased and total ketone body level elevation was suppressed as the bleeding increased. Also in patients undergoing hepatectomy, total ketone body level elevation was suppressed. From these results, we concluded that gluconeogenesis and utilization of fatty acid in the liver were augmented. These metabolic changes were not different between the group infused with lactated Ringer and the group infused with acetated Ringer.

Abdomen↗
PubMed1996

[Epidural anesthesia for patients with bronchial asthma].

The choice of epidural anesthesia for patients with bronchial asthma is controversial. We used epidural anesthesia during surgery in 16 cases of asthma. Epidural anesthesia produced by 1% or 2% lidocaine or mepivacaine without epinephrine did not induce asthmatic attack in any patients. After epidural block, general anesthesia was induced with midazolam and vecuronium and endotracheal tube was inserted in 9 patients. Asthmatic attack occurred in two patients. In one patient it occurred by the endotracheal intubation and in another patient during thyroidectomy under nitrous oxide - oxygen - sevoflurane anesthesia, although no attack was observed in 7 patients. Two patients were considered to be in severe state of bronchial asthma and they had been on steroid drug and inhalation therapy before surgery. Both patients recovered soon with antiasthmatic therapy. These results suggest that epidural anesthesia has little or no relevance to asthmatic attack.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

mel-18, a Polycomb group-related mammalian gene, encodes a transcriptional negative regulator with tumor suppressive activity.

The mammalian mel-18/bmi-1 gene products share an amino acid sequence and a secondary structure, including a RING-finger motif, with the Drosophila Polycomb group (PcG) gene products Psc and Su(z)2, implying that they represent a gene family with related functions. As Drosophila PcG gene products are thought to function as transcriptional repressors by modifying chromatin structure, Mel-18/Bmi-1 might be expected to have similar activities. Here we have analyzed the function of mel-18 and found that Mel-18 acts as a transcriptional repressor via its target DNA sequence, 5'-GACTNGACT-3'. Interestingly, this binding sequence is found within regulatory or non-coding regions of various genes, including the c-myc, bcl-2 and Hox genes, suggesting diverse functions of mel-18 as the mammalian homolog of the PcG gene. We also demonstrate that mel-18 has tumor suppressor activity, in contrast to bmi-1, which has been defined as a proto-oncogene.

3T3 Cells↗
PubMed1995

Selective reduction of T cells bearing invariant V alpha 24J alpha Q antigen receptor in patients with systemic sclerosis.

A novel subset of T cells characterized by the expression of an invariant T cell antigen receptor (TCR) encoded by V alpha 24J alpha Q gene segments was investigated in patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc). Polymerase chain reaction analysis demonstrated that the V alpha 24 TCR repertoire was selectively used in CD4-CD8- double-negative T cells both in patients and in healthy individuals, while almost all families of TCR V alpha were expressed in single-positive T cell fractions. The V alpha 24+ double-negative T cells were increased by approximately fivefold in patients. However, sequence analysis clearly showed significant differences in the V alpha 24 TCR repertoire dominating in patients and healthy donors. In healthy individuals, the invariant V alpha 24J alpha Q was expanded and comprised 20-50% of the total TCR-alpha, while their selective reduction was observed in SSc patients who also showed expansion of invariant V alpha 24 TCR other than V alpha 24J alpha Q. Analogous to murine invariant V alpha 14J alpha 281 TCR, these results suggest that T cells with invariant V alpha 24J alpha Q TCR would function as regulatory T cells, whereas T cells bearing other invariant V alpha 24 TCR in SSc patients could be autoaggressive T cells in nature.

Asian People↗
PubMed1995

Association of the "major histocompatibility complex subregion" I-J determinant with bioactive glycosylation-inhibiting factor.

Murine suppressor T-cell hybridoma cells (231F1) secrete not only bioactive glycosylation-inhibiting factor (GIF) but also an inactive peptide comparable to bioactive GIF peptide in its molecular size and reactivity with anti-GIF; the amino acid sequence of the inactive peptide is identical to that of the bioactive homologue. The inactive GIF peptide in culture supernatant of both the 231F1 cells and a stable transfectant of human GIF cDNA in the murine suppressor T hybridoma selectively bound to Affi-Gel 10, whereas bioactive GIF peptides from the same sources failed to bind to the gel. The inactive cytosolic human GIF from the stable transfectant and Escherichia coli-derived recombinant human GIF also had affinity for Affi-Gel 10. Both the bioactive murine GIF peptide from the suppressor T hybridoma and bioactive recombinant human GIF from the stable transfectant bound to the anti-I-J monoclonal antibody H6 coupled to Affi-Gel. However, bioactive hGIF produced by a stable transfectant of human GIF cDNA in BMT10 cells failed to be retained in H6-coupled Affi-Gel. These results indicate that the I-J specificity is determined by the cell source of the GIF peptide and that the I-J determinant recognized by monoclonal antibody H6 does not represent a part of the primary amino acid sequence of GIF. It appears that the epitope is generated by a posttranslational modification of the peptide.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1995

Receptor-mediated toxicity to pericytes of advanced glycosylation end products: a possible mechanism of pericyte loss in diabetic microangiopathy.

The influence of advanced glycosylation end products (AGE) on bovine retinal pericytes was investigated. When pericytes were cultured with AGE-bovine serum albumin (BSA), pericyte growth was significantly retarded in a dose-dependent manner. They also exhibited an immediate toxicity to pericytes. However, MRC-5 human fibroblasts were totally resistant to AGE-BSA. Moreover, antisense oligonucleotides complementary to mRNA coding for AGE receptor were found to reverse the AGE-induced decrease in viable pericyte number, although the mRNA level was about one order of magnitude lower in pericytes than in the fibroblasts. These results indicate that pericytes may possess a peculiar sensitivity to AGE, and that AGE ligand-receptor interactions may play an important role in the pathogenesis of pericyte loss, the principal change in diabetic microangiopathies.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Aspartate aminotransferase isozymes in Panicum miliaceum L., an NAD-malic enzyme-type C4 plant: comparison of enzymatic properties primary structures, and expression patterns.

Panicum miliaceum has at least three isozymes of aspartate aminotransferase (AspAT); the cytosolic and mitochondrial isozymes (cAspAT and mAspAT) are major components and the third is a minor isozyme. Fractionation of leaf subcellular components showed that the minor isozyme was localized in plastids (pAspAT). We purified the three isozymes from green leaves of P. miliaceum. Both cAspAT and pAspAT consisted of triple subforms having the same molecular size but different isoelectric points. No substantial difference in enzymatic properties was observed among these isozymes besides the pH profiles. We isolated a full-length cDNA clone for pAspAT. This clone contains an open reading frame that encodes 457 amino acids. The amino-terminal region of the pAspAT precursor shares common features of plastid transit peptides. The amino acid sequence of P. miliaceum pAspAT shows higher similarity with other plant pAspATs than P. miliaceum cAspAT and mAspAT. The mRNA levels of the three isozymes were high in leaves compared with roots and mesocotyls. The three isozymes showed different expression patterns against environmental stimuli such as light and nitrate. The activities and protein levels of cAspAT and mAspAT increased during greening in accordance with those of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase and NAD-malic enzyme involved in the C4 pathway, primarily as a consequence of the increase in the levels of their mRNAs. By contrast, pAspAT was constitutively expressed during greening. The activity and protein levels of cAspAT and mAspAT selectively increased during recovery from an nitrogen deficit, primarily as a consequence of increase in the levels of their mRNAs while those of pAspAT remained unchanged.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1995

Intracellular injection of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate increases a conductance in membranes of turtle vomeronasal receptor neurons in the slice preparation.

Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3) was injected into turtle vomeronasal receptor neurons in the slice preparation under a whole-cell patch clamp, and the evoked current was measured. Application of 0.1 mM IP3 evoked a prolonged, inward current (52 of 98 neurons) with an average peak amplitude of 89.9 +/- 10.9 pA. The reversal potential of the response induced by IP3 was estimated to be -32.3 +/- 1.5 mV (6 neurons). Bathing the neurons in 10 microM ruthenium red solution greatly reduced the IP3 evoked inward current to 18.0 +/- 4.6 pA (5 neurons). This is the first study to demonstrate that the membranes of the turtle vomeronasal neurons carry IP3-activated conductance.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Limited T cell antigen receptor repertoire in tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte and inhibition of experimental lung metastasis of murine melanoma by anti-TCR antibody.

We analyzed the variability of T cell Ag receptor in tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in primary and metastatic melanomas. Using a very sensitive inverse/double step PCR, we found the preferential V alpha usage of TCR in tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in which some TCR sequences were homogenous. However, the profile of TCR V alpha expression was different in primary and metastatic melanomas. V alpha 8+, V alpha 2+, V alpha 4+, and V alpha 3+ TCR were the most dominant repertoires in primary melanoma, whereas V alpha 3+ and V alpha 4+ TCR dominated metastatic melanoma. Depletion of V alpha 3 T cells by the injection of tumor-bearing mice with anti-V alpha 3 Ab resulted in protection against experimental lung metastasis, indicating that V alpha 3+ regulatory T cells exist in the tumor site and help metastatic tumor growth.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1995

Positive selection of invariant V alpha 14+ T cells by non-major histocompatibility complex-encoded class I-like molecules expressed on bone marrow-derived cells.

V alpha 14+ T cells are a unique subset expressing an invariant T-cell antigen receptor alpha chain encoded by V alpha 14 and J alpha 281 gene fragments with a 1-nt N region. Most invariant V alpha 14+ T cells develop in extrathymic organs, independent of thymus, and expand at a high frequency in various mouse strains regardless of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) haplotype. In this paper, we show that the positive selection of invariant V alpha 14+ T cells requires a beta 2-microglobulin-associated MHC class I-like molecule not linked to the MHC on chromosome 17. This was determined by linkage analysis on DNA from recombinant mice generated by crossing a C57BL/6 mouse with a wild mouse, Mus musculus molossinus, that is negative for invariant V alpha 14 TCR expression. However, the peptide transporter TAP1 is not necessary for positive selection of invariant V alpha 14+ T cells, indicating the direct recognition of the MHC class I-like molecule without peptide by the invariant V alpha 14 TCR. Further, experiments with bone marrow-chimeric mice show that invariant V alpha 14+ T cells in the periphery are selected by bone marrow cells, suggesting a unique lineage of V alpha 14+ T cells differentiated through a selection process distinct from that of conventional alpha beta TCR+ T cells.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Restricted V beta gene usage of tumour-infiltrating T lymphocytes in primary gastric malignant B-cell lymphoma.

Ten cases of primary gastric malignant lymphoma (PGL) were investigated by immunohistochemical and molecular genetic analysis. These cases were diagnosed histopathologically as follicular small cleaved cell type (1 case), diffuse small cleaved cell type (3 cases) and diffuse large cell type (6 cases) based on the WF (Working Formulation) classification. Seven cases classified as small cleaved or diffuse large cell type belong to low (4 cases) or high (3 cases) grade MALT lymphoma according to Isaacson's classification. All PGL belonged to B lineage cells according to immunohistochemical study and immunoglobulin rearrangements. Rearrangements of TCR beta chain genes were observed in four of the ten cases. The possibility that the TCR beta rearrangements were caused by tumour-infiltrating T-cells (TILs) was supported by the following observations: the tumours did not show T- and B-cell biphenotype, TCR beta exhibited functional VDJ rearrangement and V beta usage pattern was not a neoplastic type. Analysis of the repertoire of the TCR beta chain in TILs revealed a common usage of V beta 2 in the above four cases, and furthermore, predominant usage of a particular beta chain composed of V beta 2-D beta 2.1-J beta 2.3 was observed in one of the four cases. These results indicate that the TILs of PGL have a restricted TCR repertoire.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Report on the first annual survey of home parenteral nutrition in Japan.

An annual survey of the current national status of home parenteral nutrition (HPN) in Japan was begun in 1991, with a total of 231 registered patients from 142 institutions providing adequate data for evaluation and analysis. HPN was given for an average of 683 +/- 764 days to 93 patients with malignant diseases and 138 with benign disease, including 53 with inflammatory bowel disease and 79 with short bowel syndrome, 107 (46.3%) of whom were successfully rehabilitated. By the end of 1990, 61% of the patients investigated were still on HPN, 7% had already completed HPN, and 26% had died, the deceased accounting for 54% of the patients with malignant diseases and 7% of those with benign diseases. A total of 321 catheters had been used by all 231 patients, the most common being the subcutaneously implanted type, accounting for 33% of all catheters. By the end of 1990, 32% of these 321 catheters were still in place, 18% had been removed on the termination of HPN and 44% had been removed due to complications of total parenteral nutrition, including 20% for catheter fever. Rehospitalization was required in 62% of the patients, the cause being HPN-related in 21% of the total patients. Metabolic complications were experienced by 60% of the patients, but none of these were severe although 6% required hospitalization.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Enhanced susceptibility of audiogenic seizures in Fyn-kinase deficient mice.

Mice with a mutation in fyn genes were examined for their susceptibility to acoustically primed audiogenic seizures. Homozygous mutant (fynz/fynz) mice were significantly more likely to have seizures and to show the stronger seizure syndrome (clonus). These results indicate that the susceptibility of acoustically primed audiogenic seizures is enhanced in the Fyn kinase deficient mice.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

[Effect of premedication and barbiturate hypnotics on motor evoked potentials induced by magnetic cortex stimulation].

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of the premedication and the influence of the two barbiturates methohexital and thiopental on magnetically evoked compound muscle action potentials (magnet MEP) in humans. METHODS: 40 Patients (ASA-PS I-II) undergoing lumbar nucleotomy were included in this study after obtaining written informed consent. The study was approved by the local ethical committee. All patients were premedicated with 0.5 mg atropine, 25 mg promethazine and 50 mg pethidine. For induction of anaesthesia patients randomly received methohexital or thiopental by continuous infusion with increasing infusion rates every 15 seconds up to a minimal anaesthesia level in 15 minutes. Transcranial magnetic stimulation was delivered by the magstim 200 magnetic stimulator. Magnetic MEPs were recorded from the surface of the short abductor pollices muscle. MEP-examination was performed preoperatively, after premedication and every two minutes during the induction of anaesthesia. Every other two minutes the patients level of consciousness were assessed and documented. Statistical calculations were performed with the U-test. RESULTS: No statistical differences were found for the mean induction time in the two groups. No statistical difference in amplitude and latency could be observed between the preoperative values and the values measured after premedication. During anaesthesia induction the amplitude decreased in both groups. In 25 of the 40 cases, the MEP disappeared completely before the patients fell asleep. The thiopental group showed a significantly lower incidence of MEP preservation (20%) compared to methohexital (50%). CONCLUSIONS: Premedication with atropine, promethazine and pethidine has no influence on magnetic MEP. Methohexital allows the highest incidence of successful MEP recordings with sufficient anaesthesia. A success rate of only 50% even in cases without motorpathway affection makes the application of magnetic MEP an unreliable tool for intraoperative monitoring.

Adjuvants, Anesthesia↗