Biomedical subjects

M Tani

Publications and source records attributed to M Tani.

At least 235 records · Page 13Linked to original sources

PubMed1993

An autoreactive T cell clone generated in the autologous mixed lymphocyte reaction in a patient with gastric carcinoma.

Autoreactive T cell clones were established from a patient with early gastric carcinoma and a healthy control in order to investigate the mechanism of suppression of autologous mixed lymphocyte reaction (AMLR) and its significance in immune surveillance against tumor. Clone 3F6 from the gastric carcinoma patient responded to only autologous non-T cells with less reactivity than 4 clones from the control subject. The proliferative response of clone 3F6 to interleukin-2 and immobilized anti-CD3 antibody was also suppressed when compared with the control clones. Autoreactive T cells were able to kill tumor cells and autologous PHA-blasts. The cytotoxic activity of clone 3F6 was also markedly suppressed when compared with the control clones. This data suggests that autoreactive T cells may be impaired in cancer patients and that this immunological disorder might cause the defective immune surveillance against tumors.

Autoimmunity↗

PubMed1993

[Coronary flow dynamics in the right coronary artery providing collateral circulation: comparison before and after successful angioplasty with a Doppler catheter].

Coronary blood flow dynamics were investigated in 9 patients with isolated coronary artery disease of the left anterior descending artery (LAD) with good collateral flow (grade 2 or 3 of Rentrop's classification) from the right coronary artery (RCA) and 20 patients with normal coronary arteries as controls. The coronary flow velocity (Vs: systolic peak, Vd: diastolic peak, Vm: mean) was measured with a Doppler catheter and the diameter (D) by the edge detection method in the proximal portion of the RCA. Vs/Vd was calculated. The areas under the velocity curve during systole (integral of s) and diastole (integral of d) were measured to obtain the ratio (integral of s/integral of d). Peak to resting velocity ratio (PRVR) was obtained as an index of coronary flow reserve, using intracoronary injections of 6 ml contrast medium or 8-12 mg papaverine. These parameters before percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA), after PTCA, and in control subjects were compared. The collaterals disappeared angiographically immediately after successful PTCA. D (before PTCA: 3.2 +/- 0.1 mm, after PTCA: 3.3 +/- 0.1 mm, controls: 3.2 +/- 0.1 mm) and Vs did not vary between before and after PTCA and in control subjects (NS). The values of Vd, Vm decreased and Vs/Vd and integral of s/integral of d increased after PTCA to the values in the controls. PRVR obtained with contrast medium and papaverine also increased.

Aged↗

PubMed1993

[Lethal arrhythmias in a patient with coarctation of the aorta and severe heart failure: their control by combination of low dose amiodarone with procainamide for 3 years].

In 1970, a 19 year-old man was diagnosed as having coarctation of the aorta (CoA). But the patient and his family rejected further examination for CoA and high blood pressure was treated after that time. When the patient was 37 years old, he was admitted to our hospital because of congestive heart failure. During the 2nd admission for determining the operability of CoA in December, 1988, non-sustained ventricular tachycardia was detected. Immediately, intravenous administration of lidocaine or/and mexiletine were started. However, cardiac arrest occurred. After his recovery, lethal ventricular arrhythmias were still observed frequently despite administration of class Ia or Ib antiarrhythmic drugs. Oral amiodarone administration (600 mg) with procainamide (1000 mg) was started on 1st of May, 1989. Axillo-femoral bypass graft was performed during the 2nd admission because curable operation was abandoned because of severely impaired cardiac function. Subsequently, the patient was admitted 5 times due to exacerbated congestive heart failure. However, lethal arrhythmias were able to be controlled by the combination of low dose amiodarone (100-200 mg) with procainamide until he died of congestive heart failure on 9th of May, 1992. We reported a rare adult case with CoA and severe heart failure. Lethal arrhythmias in this case were well controlled by the combined administration of low dose amiodarone with procainamide regardless of severely impaired cardiac function.

Administration, Oral↗

PubMed1993

Surgical and medical management of patients with pulmonary metastasis from parathyroid carcinoma.

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to characterize patients with pulmonary metastasis of parathyroid carcinoma and to evaluate the long-term effect of surgical and medical therapy. METHODS: Seven patients with pulmonary metastasis of parathyroid carcinoma were treated between 1980 and 1992. Six patients underwent resection of pulmonary metastases, and one patient has had long-term bisphosphonate therapy alone. Bisphosphonate was also given before or after operation to three patients. RESULTS: Two patients underwent a unilateral thoracotomy for a single pulmonary lesion, and four other patients with multiple lesions underwent staged bilateral thoracotomies. The postoperative serum calcium level returned to normal after each thoracotomy in three patients who were alive and well 3, 8, and 12 years after the first thoracotomy. Hypercalcemia persisted in the other three patients. In two of the patients, bisphosphonate therapy was also unable to control hypercalcemia. In one patient the serum calcium level has been maintained in the 13 mg/dl range by bimonthly bisphosphonate therapy alone for 3 years. CONCLUSIONS: The aggressive surgical approach to pulmonary metastasis of parathyroid carcinoma was shown to be effective for palliation in selected patients. Bisphosphonate therapy is an alternative to resection but has only a temporary calcium-lowering effect.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1993

Endoscopic and clinicopathological features of primary gastric lymphoma.

Thirty-three patients with primary gastric lymphoma over a period of 32 years were studied. Endoscopic findings indicated that there were many cases of multiple lymphoma in the stomach, or with extensive tumor-infiltration, and that it was necessary to carefully inspect the entire stomach to determine the scope of resection and improve diagnostic accuracy. It is also particularly important not to damage the tissue during biopsy and to take deep large specimens from the ulcer margin, surrounding wall, and area of erosion. As compared clinicopathologically with gastric carcinoma, primary gastric lymphoma is found more frequently in younger females, with invasion of the entire stomach and extensive lymph node infiltration. By performing adequate resection of lymph nodes, as is done for gastric carcinoma, and administering appropriate combination chemotherapy, postoperative longterm results were similar to, or better than, those obtained with gastric carcinoma.

Adult↗

PubMed1993

Repeated canine herpesvirus (CHV) reactivation in dogs by an immunosuppressive drug.

To examine the possibility of repeated reactivation of canine herpesvirus (CHV), 2 serial treatments with the corticosteroid drug prednisolone (PD) were given at different periods following oral-nasal infection of pups and adult dogs. CHV was not recovered from infected, untreated dogs or from uninfected, treated controls. Viral reactivation of CHV, without clinical signs, was induced twice in 2/3 adults and in 2/3 pups treated at intervals that ranged from 1 to 3 months following the initial infections. Highest viral titers were obtained from nasal swab samples, with lower titers found in the oral pharynx, penis or vagina. In some, but not all dogs, the infectivity titers of the nasal secretion samples were higher after the initial prednisolone treatments than after the second treatments. The duration of viral shedding after the second series of steroid treatments also was shorter than the shedding period following the initial reactivations. The results presented here suggest that latent CHV occurs in both pups and adults dogs following infection and that active infections, with viral shedding, may occur repeatedly for prolonged, but undetermined, periods.

Age Factors↗

PubMed1993

Oxidative metabolism of omeprazole in human liver microsomes: cosegregation with S-mephenytoin 4'-hydroxylation.

Oxidative metabolism of omeprazole (OPZ) was studied in 14 human liver microsomes in relation to the 4'-hydroxylation capacity of S-mephenytoin. The formation of 5-hydroxyomeprazole and omeprazole sulfone (OPZ-SFN) from OPZ exhibited a biphasic kinetic behavior, indicating that at least two distinct enzymes are involved in either of the metabolic pathways of OPZ. By using a two-enzyme kinetic approach, the activities were described by high (Km1 and Vmax1)- and low-affinity components (Km2 and Vmax2). The respective mean (+/- S.D.) kinetic parameters for 5-hydroxylation and sulfoxidation were: Km1 = 6.0 +/- 2.4 and 10.2 +/- 7.2 microM and Vmax1 = 88.0 +/- 70.2 and 66.9 +/- 53.9 pmol/mg/min; Km2 = 106 +/- 127 and 482 +/- 472 microM and Vmax2 = 116 +/- 88 and 299 +/- 131 pmol/mg/min. Among these kinetic parameters, only the Vmax1 of 5-hydroxylation gave a close correlation with the corresponding parameter of S-mephenytoin (rs = 0.911, P < .01). In addition, OPZ and S-mephenytoin inhibited competitively each other's metabolism with the respective Ki values of 2.0 and 162 microM. Interestingly, OPZ-SFN also inhibited competitively 4'-hydroxylation of S-mephenytoin with a Ki value of 8.2 microM. Moreover, polyclonal antibodies raised against S-mephenytoin 4'-hydroxylase (P450 form) partially inhibited the 5-hydroxylation of OPZ, whereas no inhibition was observed for the sulfoxidation. These findings suggest that S-mephenytoin 4'-hydroxylase is an enzyme primarily responsible for the 5-hydroxylation of OPZ and further metabolism of OPZ-SFN, but not for the sulfoxidation of OPZ in human liver microsomes.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

2-Pyridinylmethylsulfinylbenzimidazoles↗

PubMed1993

[The human superior posterior serratus muscle supplied by both the intercostal and dorsal scapular nerves].

A case of the superior posterior serratus muscle on the left side supplied by both the intercostal and dorsal scapular nerves was observed in a 67-year-old Japanese male cadaver at Sapporo Medical College, 1991. The innervation and intramuscular nerve distribution of this case was investigated using a binocular microscope. The belly of this muscle consisted of three parts, which were inserted into the second, third and fourth ribs, respectively (Fig. 1). The second part inserted into the third rib consisted of two offshoots, namely a medial and a lateral offshoot. The latter almost totally covered the first part inserted into the second rib. This muscle was innervated by twigs from the dorsal scapular nerve (C5) and the superficial intercostal nerves (Th1 & Th2) of Kodama (Kodama, 1986). The superficial intercostal nerve of the first thoracic segment gave off two twigs to the muscle, the superior (medial) and inferior (lateral) (Fig. 1). The intramuscular nerve distribution of this case demonstrated that, except for the lateral offshoot, the innervation of the muscle belly showed roughly segmental tendency though all of the twigs communicated with each other (Fig. 2). The lateral offshoot was chiefly innervated by the twig from the dorsal scapular nerve. It is apparent that the muscle primordium with the twig from C5, which ordinarily is situated at the cranialmost portion of the belly, instead came to rest between the first part and the medial offshoot of the second part. As a result, this muscle belly was innervated partially in a non-segmental manner.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Aged↗

PubMed1993

A potent inhibitory effect of erythromycin and other macrolide antibiotics on the mono-N-dealkylation metabolism of disopyramide with human liver microsomes.

Clinical observation has suggested that erythromycin (EM) may cause an elevation in plasma disopyramide (DP) concentrations and thereby cause potentially fatal arrhythmias in certain patients. To determine whether EM would interfere with the in vivo pharmacokinetics of DP and whether other macrolides would share this action with EM, the effects of EM and other macrolide antibiotics on the in vitro DP metabolism to its major metabolite, mono-N-dealkyldisopyramide, were studied with human liver microsomes obtained from eight patients who underwent partial hepatectomy. The mono-N-dealkylation of DP proceeded with a biphasic enzyme kinetic profile, suggesting that at least two distinct enzyme sites or components are involved in the DP metabolism in humans. The high- and low-affinity sites gave the mean (+/- S.D.) Km of 5.7 +/- 2.8 and 724.7 +/- 427.4 microM, and Vmax of 2.90 +/- 1.17 and 18.20 +/- 8.84 nmol/hr/mg protein, respectively. Because the mean intrinsic clearance (i.e., Vmax/Km) for the high-affinity site (i.e., 0.79 +/- 0.69 ml/hr/mg protein) was about 30 times greater than that for the low-affinity site (i.e., 0.03 +/- 0.01 ml/hr/mg protein), the high-affinity site was considered more important in the DP metabolism at its therapeutic concentrations (i.e., 2-5 micrograms/ml or 5-14 microM). EM inhibited the high-affinity site activity in a noncompetitive manner with the mean Ki of 19.5 +/- 1.3 microM (n = 4). An EM concentration associated with a 50% suppression of the DP metabolism at 30 microM (i.e., IC50) was 94 microM.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Aged↗

PubMed1992

[A case of insulinoma with frequent hypoglycemic attacks not showing evident hyperinsulinemia].

Confirmation of inappropriate hyperinsulinemia is an indispensable requisite for the diagnosis of insulinoma. We report here a case of insulinoma without evident hyperinsulinemia at an early stage. The patient, a 49-year-old woman, had been admitted to our hospital for the evaluation of frequent hypoglycemic attacks. At that time, plasma immunoreactive insulin (IRI) after an overnight fast ranged from 7 to 16 microU/ml. The ratio of IRI/fasting blood sugar (FBS) (Fajans index; normal range, below 0.3) was always between 0.13 and 0.28 even at hypoglycemic states. In addition, because computed tomography and arteriography of the abdomen failed to settle the diagnosis of insulinoma, the patient was discharged and followed up at our outpatient clinic for 2 years. She was admitted to our hospital at 51 years of age for the re-evaluation of hypoglycemic attacks. Laboratory examinations revealed high fasting plasma levels of IRI ranging from 20 to 29 microU/ml. Fajans index also increased to 0.47-0.89. Celiac arteriography was able to confirm the existence of insulinoma. We suggest that insulinoma should be considered in the presence of unexplained hypoglycemic attacks even when there is no evident hyperinsulinemia.

Blood Glucose↗

PubMed1992

Antihypertensive and hormonal activity of MK 954 in spontaneously hypertensive rats.

MK 954 (DuP 753), a recently developed angiotensin II (Ang II) receptor antagonist, was administered orally for 2 weeks to spontaneously hypertensive (SHR) and Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKY). Whereas the basal levels of plasma Ang II were lower in SHR than in WKY, treatment with MK 954 markedly reduced blood pressure in SHR but not in WKY. Plasma renin activity, Ang I and Ang II were increased, while plasma aldosterone was decreased in both strains. These results no only indicate therapeutic efficacy of this agent in the chronic treatment of human hypertension, but also support the idea that the renin-angiotensin system plays an important role in the control of blood pressure in SHR.

Angiotensin I↗

PubMed1992

Defective autologous mixed lymphocyte reaction (AMLR) and killer activity generated in the AMLR in cancer patients.

The autologous mixed lymphocyte reaction (AMLR) and the killer activity generated in the AMLR (AMLR-killer) in the spleen and the peripheral blood of patients with gastric cancer were investigated. The AMLR in cancer patients was suppressed, especially in the spleen, compared to that seen in controls. There was no correlation between AMLR activity and the stage status of the cancer. The cytotoxic activity of AMLR-killer cells against various tumor-cell lines was also suppressed in the spleen, and had a tendency to be suppressed in the peripheral blood of cancer patients. The autologous tumor-killing activity of AMLR-killer cells was developed in cancer patients with high AMLR activity, but was not induced in patients with low AMLR activity. Autotumor killing activity was decreased by the elimination of CD4+ cells, whereas the elimination of CD16+ cells resulted in a marked reduction in cytotoxicity against K562, indicating that the non-specific killer cells which lysed K562 were different from the specific killer cells that lysed autotumor cells. This suggests that AMLR activity is related to the differentiation and proliferation of lymphocytes with specific or non-specific cytotoxic activity and that this activity plays an important role in immune surveillance against tumors.

Adult↗

PubMed1992

Clinical and immunological evaluation of intraoperative radiation therapy for patients with unresectable pancreatic cancer.

The clinical efficacy of intraoperative radiation therapy (IORT) and the changes of immunological parameters were investigated. Nine patients with unresectable pancreatic cancer were treated with IORT (2,500-3,500 cGy) and the changes of various immunological parameters were compared with those in 11 patients with advanced cancer who received external beam irradiation therapy (XRT), 2,500-3,500 cGy. After IORT, 71% of patients obtained pain relief, two of the nine patients showed a partial response, and the serum CA 19-9 level decreased in six patients. However, the median survival was only 210 days. Natural killer activity, lymphokine-activated killer activity, and interferon gamma-activated killer activity were not inhibited by IORT, and phytohemagglutinin-induced blastogenesis was actually augmented after IORT, whereas all these parameters were inhibited by XRT. Thus, it is suggested that IORT may augment or at least stabilize systemic antitumor immunity.

Aged↗

PubMed1992

In vitro generation of activated natural killer cells and cytotoxic macrophages with lentinan.

The in vitro effect of lentinan in inducing activation of killer cells and cytotoxic macrophages has been examined. Human peripheral blood mononuclear cells were cultured with lentinan for 2, 4 and 8 days. After 4 days cytotoxicity was increased 4% by lentinan less than 1,000 ng/ml. After 8 days, it was increased 12% by 25 and 1,000 ng/ml lentinan. The phenotype of the killer cells induced by lentinan was CD2+, CD16+ and CD56+, suggesting that they were natural killer cells. Macrophages separated from the spleens of 6 patients with gastric cancer were cultured with lentinan for 7 days, and their cytotoxicity increased 19%. The optimal concentration of lentinan was from 25 to 100 ng/ml. The findings suggest that the antitumour effect of lentinan is due to the activation of killer cells in vivo, because the optimal concentration of lentinan for the induction of killer cells in vitro was equivalent to the plasma concentration obtained after clinical doses of this agent.

Antigens, Surface↗

PubMed1992

Prospective and randomized clinical trial for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma--a comparison of lipiodol-transcatheter arterial embolization with and without adriamycin (first cooperative study). The Cooperative Study Group for Liver Cancer Treatment of Japan.

A randomized, controlled clinical trial comparing the use of lipiodol-transcatheter arterial embolization (L-TAE) in the presence versus the absence of Adriamycin (ADR) for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma was conducted from August 1988 through September 1989. In all, 125 Japanese hospitals participated in this study and 289 patients were entered in the trial. The patients were randomly allocated into group A (L-TAE) or group B (L-TAE + ADR) by telephone registration. There was no significant difference in background factors between group A and group B. Additional treatment, including repeated TAE or hepatic resection, was given to 189 patients. Among the four endpoints analyzed, the rate of tumor reduction and lipiodol accumulation in the tumor did not significantly differ between the two groups. The 3-year survival values for groups A and B were 33.6% and 34.9%, respectively; the difference was not significant. The serum alpha-fetoprotein level, however, decreased to a significantly greater extent in the group that received ADR than in the group that did not (P < 0.05). This result suggests that ADR has some favorable additional effect in L-TAE for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma.

Adult↗

PubMed1992

Prospective and randomized clinical trial for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma--a comparison of L-TAE with Farmorubicin and L-TAE with adriamycin (second cooperative study). The Cooperative Study Group for Liver Cancer Treatment of Japan.

A randomized clinical trial comparing L-TAE with Farmorubicin (FARM) and L-TAE with Adriamycin (ADR) in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma was conducted from October 1989 through December 1990. In all, 192 hospitals participated in this study and 117 patients were entered. The patients were randomly allocated to group A (L-TAE+FARM) or group B (L-TAE+ADR). There was no significant intergroup difference in background factors. Additional treatment consisting of repeated TAE or surgery was given to 66 patients. Four factors were analyzed in this study: the percentage of reduction in tumor size, the change in the AFP level, lipiodol accumulation, and survival. None of these factors differed significantly between the two groups. The final evaluation of this study will be based on differences in survival after a long-term follow-up. Toxic effects manifested less frequently in group A than in group B, and the decrease in the platelet count in the peripheral blood was significantly lower in group A than in group B. These results suggest that FARM exerts a more favorable effect than does ADR in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma.

Adult↗

PubMed1992

Radiotherapy of cholangiocarcinoma: the roles for primary and adjuvant therapies.

A total of 22 patients with cholangiocarcinoma who had been treated with external radiotherapy between 1978 and 1989 were analyzed. Of the 22 patients, 18 had cancer of the hepatic hilus (Klatskin) and 4 had intrahepatic biliary cancer; all but 2 of the subjects had advanced disease. In all, 16 patients underwent primary irradiation for unresectable tumors, 4 were subjected to adjuvant irradiation after gross tumor resection, and 2 received preoperative irradiation followed by gross tumor resection. The mean initial irradiation dose was 52.0 Gy (range, 26-78 Gy). The TDF (time-dose-fractionation) for the entire course of radiotherapy ranged from 49 to 154 (mean, 100). The median survival of all patients was 10 months, and the cumulative 1-year survival value was 37.7%. The external radiotherapy proved to be effective in the treatment of cholangiocarcinoma in terms of palliation and survival.

Adenoma, Bile Duct↗

PubMed1992

The promotive effect of interleukin 4 with interleukin 2 in the proliferation of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes from patients with malignant tumor.

In adoptive immunotherapy, the number of effector cells is one of the major factors relating to the therapeutic efficacy. We demonstrated that tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) were stimulated to proliferate by incubation with interleukin 2 (IL-2) plus interleukin 4 (IL-4). TILs cultured with IL-2 plus IL-4 increased 3.1-fold more than TILs cultured with IL-2 alone. However, IL-4 did not alter the cytotoxic activity of TILs against autologous tumor cells and established tumor cell lines. It is suggested that IL-2 receptor is related to the mechanism of the proliferation of activated TILs cultured by combination with IL-2 and IL-4. Thus, the combination of IL-2 and IL-4 may increase the efficacy of adoptive immunotherapy using activated TILs.

Cytotoxicity, Immunologic↗