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Biomedical subjects

M Tanabe

Publications and source records attributed to M Tanabe.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1997

Comparison of 99mTc-Technegas SPECT with 133Xe dynamic SPECT in pulmonary emphysema.

This study was undertaken to compare axial images of 99mTc-Technegas SPECT (Technegas) with those of 133Xe gas dynamic SPECT in patients with pulmonary emphysema. There were 20 patients, 19 males and 1 female. All patients except one ex-smoker were heavy smokers with a mean age of 68.1 years. For Technegas scintigraphy, the patients inhaled 505 MBq 99mTc-Technegas in several tidal volume breaths in the supine position without breath holding. For 133Xe gas scintigraphy, the patients inhaled 370 MBq 133Xe gas. 133Xe gas dynamic SPECT was performed in the equilibrium phase for the last minute of the 3 minute inhalation in a closed circuit, and in the washout phase for 6 minutes of inhalation in a semi-closed circuit, by means of a gamma camera with dual detectors (Picker model Prism 2000). Abnormal findings included heterogeneity, defects and hot spots on Technegas images and on retention images taken 3 minutes after 133Xe gas washout. In 2 of 20 patients, the degree of abnormal findings on Technegas images depended on the area of 133Xe gas retention in the washout phase. In 3 patients, the degree of abnormal findings on both Technegas SPECT and 133Xe gas dynamic SPECT images were equivalent. In the remaining 15 patients, more detailed findings and a greater area were shown by Technegas SPECT than 133Xe gas dynamic SPECT. We conclude that in patients with pulmonary emphysema Technegas SPECT can demonstrate ventilation impairment more easily than 133Xe gas dynamic SPECT.

Aged↗
PubMed1997

Assessment of technetium-99m Technegas scintigraphy for ventilatory impairment in pulmonary emphysema: comparison of planar and SPECT images.

Pulmonary emphysema can be diagnosed easily by X-ray CT (CT) as a low attenuation area. Recently Tc-99m-Technegas (Technegas) has been used for ventilation scintigraphy. The present study was undertaken to assess the usefulness of planar and SPECT images by using Technegas scintigraphy in patients with pulmonary emphysema. Technegas scintigraphy, CT and pulmonary function tests were performed in 20 patients (males, age 32-78 years). We classified the findings of Technegas images into 4 grades. Comparing planar and SPECT images of Technegas, more detailed findings were shown by SPECT than by planar images in mild cases (6 cases, 30%). In more severe cases, findings of SPECT and planar images were equivalent (14 cases, 70%). The degree of abnormal findings obtained by SPECT was equivalent to that obtained by CT in severe cases (6 cases, 30%). SPECT should be excluded in advanced stages as indicated by planar images.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

The role of ERCP in biliary atresia.

BACKGROUND: It is not easy to discriminate between infantile hepatitis and biliary atresia in spite of several diagnostic tests including laboratory analyses, ultrasound, and hepatobiliary scans. ERCP is the most useful procedure for visualization of the extrahepatic biliary system, but ERCP is still an uncommon procedure in children. METHODS: ERCP examination was performed in 52 infants with biliary atresia (10 with infantile hepatitis, 5 with congenital biliary dilatation, 3 with paucity of intrahepatic bile duct, 2 with duodenal atresia, and 1 with postoperative jaundice of hepatoblastoma) aged from 8 days to 300 days (mean, 71 days). RESULTS: ERCP was successful in 47 with biliary atresia, in 9 with infantile hepatitis, and 10 with another disease. Liver biopsy was performed in 1 infant with hepatitis in whom the cannulation failed; in 9 with hepatitis in whom the cannulation was successful, exploratory laparotomy could be avoided. The ERCP findings in 46 patients with biliary atresia (excluding 1 in whom evaluation could not be performed because of poor x-ray quality) were classified into four patterns. CONCLUSIONS: A success rate of ERCP examinations in infants was 88%, so ERCP is recommended to make a correct decision regarding the need for surgery in cholestatic disorders.

Biliary Atresia↗
PubMed1997

Detection of tumor thrombus in children using color Doppler ultrasonography.

Color Doppler ultrasonography (CDUS), which provides information regarding both the tissue and the blood flow simultaneously in real time, is a relatively new and noninvasive technique for the evaluation of organ perfusion. The authors investigated the usefulness of CDUS in the detection of tumor thrombus in 34 children who had malignant tumor (21 neuroblastomas, 2 Wilms' tumors, 5 hepatoblastomas, 2 rhabdomyosarcomas, and 4 others) who underwent CDUS between April 1992 and March 1995 in our department. The CDUS showed tumor thrombus in four patients (11.8%). Three thrombi (in one patient each with neuroblastoma, Wilms' tumor, and hepatoblastoma) were situated in the inferior vena cava, and one (in a patient who had hepatoblastoma) in the portal vein. Each tumor thrombus was monitored and followed up using CDUS every month during the entire clinical course; two of the four thrombi remained despite intensive treatments. The authors have found CDUS to afford rapid and noninvasive detection of tumor thrombus, and it proved useful not only in the detection of tumor thrombus but also in its follow-up in these children who had malignant tumor.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1997

Intracranial germinoma with Down's syndrome: a case report and review of the literature.

BACKGROUND: Down's syndrome's association with malignancies such as leukemia is well known, but its association with brain tumor appears to be rare. We reviewed such rare cases of Down's syndrome and intracranial germ-cell tumor. CASE REPORT: A 10-year-old boy with Down's syndrome and intracranial germinoma located in the left basal ganglia is reported. The patient presented with right hemiparesis and was treated with a combination of surgery, chemotherapy with cisplatin and etoposide, and irradiation. CONCLUSIONS: We speculate that the percentage of germ-cell tumors is high among Down syndrome patients with brain tumors and that the most common site is the basal ganglia.

Basal Ganglia↗
PubMed1997

Picolinic acid and indole-2-carboxylic acid: two types of glycinergic compounds modulate motor function differentially.

1. A putative agonist for the strychnine-sensitive glycine receptor picolinic acid was tested for its anticonvulsant activities in mice and muscle-relaxant activities in rats and compared with indole-2-carboxylic acid (I2CA), an antagonist for the strychnine-insensitive glycine receptor. Their effects on segmental reflexes in the cat spinal cord were examined to elucidate their sites of action. 2. Picolinic acid (200 and 400 mg/kg IP) delayed the onsets of strychnine- but not pentylenetetrazole-induced seizures. It delayed the onsets of bicuculline-induced seizures only at the higher dose. I2CA (200 and 400 mg/kg IP) delayed the onsets of these 3 kinds of seizures. Both compounds reduced muscle tone in rat decerebrate rigidity at a dose of 100 mg/kg IV. 3. Picolinate methylester, a picolinate derivative with higher lipophilicity, depressed spinal reflexes in both intact and spinalized cats at cumulative doses of 25 to 200 mg/kg IV. I2CA (50 mg/kg IV) inhibited spinal reflexes only in intact preparations. 4. These results suggest that the anticonvulsant and muscle-relaxant activities of picolinic acid (PA) are due to inhibition of spinal neurons, but that I2CA selectively affects supraspinal structures.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

Preparation of human whole lungs inflated and fixed for radiologic-pathologic correlation.

RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES: The authors evaluated a modified method of lung inflation and fixation for radiologic-pathologic correlation of lung disease. METHODS: Fifty-five whole human lungs obtained at autopsy were examined. Fifty lungs were cannulated via the main bronchus and distended with 20% formalin. The cannula was clamped for 15 minutes, 30 minutes, 2 hours, 2 days, 4 days, or 6 days. Then the formalin was expelled with air at a pressure of 10 cm H2O. The lung was fixed with a mixture of polyethylene glycol 400, 95% ethyl alcohol, 40% formalin, and water. In the five lungs that were not cannulated, the formalin was expelled manually. RESULTS: The degree of inflation of 46 cannulated specimens was rated as good in 42, moderate in four, and poor in nine. Histologic preservation was not evaluated in 23 of 55 specimens because of postmortem autolysis. It was rated as good or moderate in 29 specimens. Both inflation and staining were rated as good in 21 specimens. CONCLUSION: This modified method of preparation of inflated, fixed lung provides good histologic preservation and radiographic appearance of lung.

Cadaver↗
PubMed1997

Isolation and characterization of the glycoprotein fraction with a proliferation-promoting activity on human and hamster cells in vitro from Aloe vera gel.

Fractions of leaf gel from Aloe barbadensis Mill. were prepared by gel permeation using DEAE Sephadex A-25, Sepharose 6B, and Sephadex G-50 columns. These were then tested by in vitro assays for proliferation of human normal dermal and baby hamster kidney cells. The glycoprotein fraction promoted cell growth, while the neutral polysaccharide fraction did not show any growth stimulation. Moreover, the polar-colored glycoprotein fraction strongly inhibited the in vitro assays. An active glycoprotein fraction (protein 82%, carbohydrate 11%) examined on polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) and SDS-PAGE showed a single band. Its molecular weight was 29 kD on a Sephadex G-50 column and its isoelectric point was pH 6.8. Immunoblotting after SDS-PAGE showed that the glycoprotein was composed of two subunits (14 kD). Deglycosylation of glycoprotein (Pg21-2b fraction) by trifluoromethanesulphonic acid provided a protein band with a molecular weight of 13 kD on SDS-PAGE. The colored glycoprotein fraction was shown on SDS-PAGE to be a mixture with a molecular weight of 18 kD-15 kD. It was later hydrolyzed with 10% H2SO4 to produce phenolic substances.

Aloe↗
PubMed1997

Endoscopic variceal ligation using a clipping apparatus in children with portal hypertension.

BACKGROUND AND STUDY AIMS: Endoscopic variceal sclerotherapy (EVS) is a procedure frequently used to control bleeding from esophageal varices in adults. The use of EVS has been restricted in children due to the associated risks. The present paper describes the safety and efficacy of a new apparatus for endoscopic variceal ligation with clipping (EVLC). PATIENTS AND METHODS: Endoscopic variceal ligation using a clipping apparatus (HX-3 L, Olympus, Tokyo, Japan), was carried out in 12 children with portal hypertension (four with extrahepatic portal vein obstruction and eight with congenital biliary atresia; four boys and eight girls, age range 2-14 years). A total of 417 variceal clipping procedures were carried out in 56 separate EVLC sessions; 118 esophageal varices and 65 gastric fundic varices were ligated using 417 clips. Initially, the EVLC sessions were repeated at approximately monthly intervals until the varices were eradicated, but the interval was gradually extended to twice a year or once a year. RESULTS: Varices were successfully ligated at the first attempt in 414 (99.3%) of the 417 clipping procedures. The esophageal varices were initially eradicated in all patients. The follow-up period ranged from nine to 48 months, and complete variceal eradication or reduction of the grade of the varices was obtained in 11 of the 12 patients after initial eradication during this period. CONCLUSIONS: These data indicate that EVLC offers advantages in the treatment of patients with esophageal varices combined with gastric fundic varices.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

Favorable donor site for epidermal cultivation for the treatment of burn scars with autologous cultured epithelium.

It is very important to determine from where we select the donor skin for epidermal cultivation in the treatment of burn scar disfigurement. To prove this point, we compared the appearance and histology of grafted sites according to the different donor sites. Thirty-eight patients with skin color difference and irregular contours of matured burn scars were superficially abraded and underwent autologous cultured epithelial grafting. These patients were followed more than 2 years. The donor skin for epidermal cultivations was taken from the buttock (group 1, 8 patients), sole (group 2, 6 patients), and adjacent to the site of the scar (group 3, 24 patients). In group 3, skin elasticity was also measured after 2 years. Hypo- and hyperpigmentation were well treated with autologous cultured epithelial grafting. The most favorable results in terms of color match were obtained in group 3, where the skin color resembled surrounding normal skin. The skin tension returned to almost normal. In group 2, the histology of the grafted site resembled the sole epidermis. It was concluded that the general principle of conventional skin grafting (i.e., "closer is best") was also correct in cultured epithelial grafting. Furthermore, it was revealed that cultured epithelium has a site specificity even after grafting.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

Treatment of giant congenital nevi with cryopreserved allogeneic skin and fresh autologous cultured epithelium.

Giant congenital nevi, confluent over 10% to 52% of the body surface area, were treated in 5 pediatric patients with allogeneic skin and autologous cultured epithelium (ACE). The lesions were excised to the adipose tissue and the wound was covered with cryopreserved or fresh allografted skin. Later, the skin surface was abraded and ACE was applied. The size of the cultured graft ranged from 360 to 900 cm2 (average, 630 cm2). In 3 patients the wounds healed well. Allograft cryopreservation averaged 50 days. The average interval to ACE application after skin grafting was 10 days. Histological rejection was minimal. In 2 patients the cultured grafts did not take. The wounds were covered with split-thickness skin grafts. In one such patient, a fresh allograft was used. In the other, ACE was applied 27 days after skin grafting. Vigorous rejection reaction was observed. Cryopreservation of allogeneic skin may be important in the treatment of human leukocyte antigen-mismatch patients with giant nevi, and ACE should be applied within 10 days of skin grafting.

Cells, Cultured↗
PubMed1997

Gas exchange function through the mastoid mucosa in ears after surgery.

Gas exchange function through the mastoid mucosa was investigated in ears after surgery using nitrous oxide. Increase in the mastoid pressure was assessed by a micropressure sensor placed in the mastoid cavity during the second-stage revision operation performed under general anesthesia using 67% nitrous oxide, 33% oxygen, and sevoflurane on 14 ears with chronic adhesive otitis media or cholesteatoma as well as on seven ears without inflammation as controls. All seven control ears showed pressure increase in the mastoid in various degrees. In the 14 postoperative ears, nine of the 10 ears on which the mastoid mucosa had previously been able to be preserved in various degrees showed pressure increase in the mastoid, but none of the remaining four ears, which had previously had mastoidectomy, showed any pressure increase. The presence or absence of the mastoid pressure increase of those ears was also found to be correlated well with the presence or absence of mastoid aeration on computed tomography examined just before the second-stage operation. These results appear to indicate that, in ears after surgery, recovery of both the gas exchange function and aeration in the mastoid is expected only when the mastoid mucosa can be preserved even partially.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

Index for predicting post-operative residual liver function by pre-operative dynamic liver SPET.

To predict residual liver function before hepatic resection, we devised a predictive index by combining clearance values with functional liver volume measured by liver dynamic single photon emission tomography (SPET). Forty-seven patients with liver disease underwent liver dynamic SPET with 99Tcm-Sn colloid before hepatic resection. There were no operation-related deaths. Three patients died from hepatic failure more than 1 month following the operation. Their predictive indices were 0.24, 0.33 and 0.34. When the predictive index was above 0.35, no patient had symptoms of hepatic failure or died. Our data suggest that when the predictive index is above 0.35, there is a low probability of hepatic failure after hepatectomy.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

HSF4, a new member of the human heat shock factor family which lacks properties of a transcriptional activator.

Heat shock transcription factors (HSFs) mediate the inducible transcriptional response of genes that encode heat shock proteins and molecular chaperones. In vertebrates, three related HSF genes (HSF1 to -3) and the respective gene products (HSFs) have been characterized. We report the cloning and characterization of human HSF4 (hHSF4), a novel member of the hHSF family that shares properties with other members of the HSF family yet appears to be functionally distinct. hHSF4 lacks the carboxyl-terminal hydrophobic repeat which is shared among all vertebrate HSFs and has been suggested to be involved in the negative regulation of DNA binding activity. hHSF4 is preferentially expressed in the human heart, brain, skeletal muscle, and pancreas. Transient transfection of hHSF4 in HeLa cells, which do not express hHSF4, results in a constitutively active DNA binding trimer which, unlike other members of the HSF family, lacks the properties of a transcriptional activator. Constitutive overexpression of hHSF4 in HeLa cells results in reduced expression of the endogenous hsp70, hsp90, and hsp27 genes. hHSF4 represents a novel hHSF that exhibits tissue-specific expression and functions to repress the expression of genes encoding heat shock proteins and molecular chaperones.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1997

Synthesis and biological activity of a 1 alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D2 analog bearing an amide group in the side-chain.

Synthesis of a 1 alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D2 analog (3), in which the double bond in the side-chain is replaced by an amide group, is described. Condensation of a carboxylic acid (8) with an amine (6) gave an amide (9), which in turn led to 3 via several steps. The analog (3) could not bind to the chick cytosol vitamin D receptor, which indicated the importance of the hydrophobic interaction of the C(22)-C(23) double bond in 1 alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D2 (2) with the vitamin D receptor.

Ergocalciferols↗
PubMed1997

Progressive effects of phloridzin on melanogenesis in B16 mouse melanoma cells.

When we studied the effects of polyphenols from apple fruits on melanogenesis in B16 mouse melanoma cell lines, phloridzin had dose-dependent progressive effects on melanogenesis between 10 and 500 micrograms/ml without inhibiting cell growth. At a concentration of 500 micrograms/ml, phloridzin increased the melanin content in the cells to 181% of that in control cells. In contrast, phloretin, the aglycon of phloridzin, did not activate melanogenesis in the cells and was cytotoxic at a concentration of 5 micrograms/ml. Phloridzin increased the activity of tyrosinase to 223% of that in control cells. Furthermore, phloridzin inhibited the activity of protein kinase C (PKC), which is recognized to regulate tyrosinase activity. The inhibition of PKC activity continued for 120 min from the addition of phloridzin. Therefore, we estimated that the activation of melanogenesis by phloridzin resulted from the increase of tyrosinase activity caused by the inhibition of PKC activity.

Animals↗