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Biomedical subjects

M Takayama

Publications and source records attributed to M Takayama.

At least 199 records · Page 11Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

Placental protein 21. Localization in human placenta and concentrations in the body fluids of men and nonpregnant and pregnant women.

The immunohistochemical localization of placental protein 21 (PP21) was marked in the syncytial brush border and basal membrane during the 1st and 2nd trimesters of pregnancy and also in the chorionic epithelial brush border and basement membrane at term. A weaker stain was found in the cell membranes of amniotic epithelial and chorionic trophoblast cells. Neither heparin nor changes in temperature significantly influenced PP21 concentration. Relatively high serum PP21 concentrations were measured during the follicular and luteal phases in healthy nonpregnant women and in healthy men whose seminal plasma also showed a high PP21 concentration. Serum PP21 levels in normal pregnancy rose from a median of 29.1 ng/ml at 6-7 weeks of gestation to 82.0 ng/ml at 36-37 weeks of gestation. Although maternal urine showed low PP21 levels during pregnancy, amniotic fluid PP21 levels were higher at 7-21 weeks of gestation than at term. Cord blood sera showed almost the same PP21 concentration as maternal sera, but retroplacental blood showed much higher levels. Maternal serum PP21 levels in hydatidiform mole patients did not differ from the normal pregnancy range, although their molar vesicular fluids contained higher PP21 concentrations. These results suggest an extraplacental source for PP21.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Postsystolic shortening of acutely ischemic canine myocardium predicts early and late recovery of function after coronary artery reperfusion.

Postsystolic shortening and thickening of ischemic and postischemic myocardium are well-recognized phenomena, but their significance is controversial. To discover whether postsystolic shortening and thickening might represent an active process and to establish their place as possible predictors of functional recovery during and after recovery from ischemia, we examined correlations in severely ischemic dyskinetic myocardial segments in 14 open-chest anesthetized dogs (90 minutes' ischemia, n = 9; 180 minutes' ischemia, n = 5) between the magnitudes of postsystolic shortening and thickening during ischemia and either the magnitudes of systolic shortening and thickening in the same segments before coronary occlusion or the magnitudes of shortening and thickening at 30-60 minutes and at 2-3 weeks after reperfusion. We found positive correlations between preocclusion shortening and postsystolic shortening (r = 0.44, n = 33 myocardial segments; p less than 0.02) and between preocclusion thickening and postsystolic thickening (r = 0.73, n = 13 segments; p less than 0.01), both measured at 5 minutes after onset of ischemia. Strong correlations were found also between postsystolic shortening and thickening measured immediately before reperfusion and systolic shortening and thickening measured after recovery at 2-3 weeks (r = 0.73, n = 28; p less than 0.001 for shortening; r = 0.79, n = 12; p less than 0.01 for thickening). Significant but less-exact correlations were found between postsystolic shortening and thickening measured immediately before reperfusion and early recovery of shortening and thickening at 30-60 minutes after reperfusion (during the "stunned myocardium" period). Postsystolic shortening and thickening persisted early after reperfusion in dogs that had had 90 minutes of ischemia, and this predicted further significant return of function at 2-3 weeks. However, dogs that had had 180 minutes of ischemia did not have postsystolic shortening or thickening during early recovery and showed no further return of function at 2-3 weeks. The magnitudes of postsystolic shortening and thickening immediately before reperfusion were better predictors of late return of function than the histological appearance of the ischemic segments at 2-3 weeks or the magnitude of their blood flow during ischemia (15 +/- 3 micron microspheres). From correlations made immediately before reperfusion with those at functional recovery after reperfusion, we conclude that postsystolic shortening and thickening of dyskinetic myocardial segments are markers of their potential for recovery.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1988

[Radiotherapy for T1 and T2 carcinomas of the tongue: combination therapy using low-dose external irradiation and an interstitial implant].

Between January 1975 and October 1984, 114 previously untreated patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue were treated by a radical course of irradiation at the Jikei University Hospital. Of these patients, eighty with T1 or T2 lesions are analyzed in this paper, some having been treated with an interstitial implant alone or with a combination of external irradiation and an interstitial implant. The two-year local control rate of the primary lesion reached 85% in T1 patients, and 68% for those graded T2. Late radiation injuries were seen in 18% of the cases with local control beyond one year. Most of these injuries, however, healed with conservative therapy. The cumulative 5-year survival rate was 75% in T1 patients, and 52% for those graded T2. The combination of low dose external irradiation (20-30 Gy) and an interstitial implant showed the same local control rate, the same incidence of late injury, and the same survival rate as those who received an interstitial implant alone. In cases that were given combination therapy, the sum dose of about 80 Gy was necessary for local control.

Brachytherapy↗
PubMed1987

Effect of intravenous streptokinase on left ventricular function and early survival after acute myocardial infarction.

In a double-blind trial of streptokinase for acute myocardial infarction, 219 consecutive patients presenting with infarction within four hours (mean, 3.0 +/- 0.8) of the onset of chest pain were randomly assigned to treatment with streptokinase (1.5 million units) or placebo, given intravenously over 30 minutes. The primary end point of the study was left ventricular function in patients with first infarctions. Patients who could undergo beta-blockade also received intravenous propranolol. Heparin (for 48 hours) and a combination of low-dose aspirin and dipyridamole were administered to both groups until cineangiography was performed at three weeks. In the patients with first infarctions treated with streptokinase, the left ventricular ejection fraction was 6 percentage points higher (streptokinase vs. placebo, 59 +/- 10.5 vs. 53 +/- 13.5 percent; P less than 0.005), with benefit to patients with either anterior infarction (57 +/- 11.9 vs. 49 +/- 15.9 percent; P less than 0.05) or inferior infarction (60 +/- 9.1 vs. 55 +/- 11.3 percent; P less than 0.05). Left ventricular function was improved regardless of whether concomitant propranolol was given. Survival (at 30 days) was improved with streptokinase: 2 deaths occurred among 79 patients who received this drug, as compared with 12 deaths among 93 patients who received placebo (2.5 vs. 12.9 percent, P = 0.012). Rates of reinfarction (streptokinase vs. placebo, 3 vs. 1 percent) and requirements for surgery or angioplasty (7 vs. 5 percent) were similar in the two groups. We conclude that administration of intravenous streptokinase (1.5 million units) to patients with a first myocardial infarction results in improved left ventricular function and short-term survival.

Adrenergic beta-Antagonists↗
PubMed1987

Post-systolic shortening: a marker of potential for early recovery of acutely ischaemic myocardium in the dog.

Regional diastolic wall motion was studied with sonomicrometry in 30 open chest anaesthetised dogs after left anterior descending stenosis or occlusion. Post-systolic shortening and thickening, defined as the magnitude of segment shortening or wall thickening that occurred after end systole, was measured in peripheral and central ischaemic segments. These post-systolic events developed concurrently with impaired systolic shortening or thickening, either immediately after acute coronary occlusion or during progressive stenosis, and persisted with the development of dyskinesis and during reperfusion. The magnitude of these events in dyskinetic segments of 24 dogs was considerable, reaching 50(2)% (mean(SEM)) and 33(3)% of shortening or thickening that was present before coronary occlusion. Post-systolic shortening and thickening were maximum at 100(2) ms after peak negative dP/dt. Significant correlations were found between systolic shortening or thickening before coronary occlusion and post-systolic shortening (r = 0.74, 56 segments) or thickening (r = 0.84, 19 segments) after occlusion, but there was no correlation between post-systolic shortening or thickening and dyskinetic lengthening or thinning. In seven dogs followed for 4 h after coronary occlusion post-systolic shortening fell by 15% in peripheral segments and by 70% in central segments (p less than 0.002). In 17 dogs reperfused after 60 (n = 9) or 90 (n = 8) min of coronary occlusion the maximal recovery of systolic shortening early after reperfusion was significantly related to the magnitude of post-systolic shortening immediately before reperfusion (60 min occlusion r = 0.84, 90 min occlusion r = 0.88). These data show that post-systolic shortening is a marker of potential for early recovery of function of acutely ischaemic myocardium and suggest that it is due, at least in part, to an active process.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1987

Serum concentration of placental proteins (PP5 and PP10) in toxemia of pregnancy as related to intrauterine growth retardation.

Maternal serum concentrations of placental proteins 5 (PP5) and 10 (PP10) were measured by radioimmunoassay in 568 samples obtained from 308 healthy pregnant women and 63 women having toxemia of pregnancy. Below-normal PP5 values were more widely distributed in the mild than in the severe toxemia group, while the incidence of above-normal PP5 values was found only in the severe toxemia group. The incidence of below-normal PP10 values was higher in the severe than in the mild toxemia group. Our study thus suggests that simultaneous measurement of PP5 and PP10 concentrations in maternal serum in toxemia of pregnancy is a useful monitoring technique for predicting progressive pathological change and placental dysfunction related to IUGR.

Female↗
PubMed1987

Diagnostic reliability of simultaneous measurements of beta human chorionic gonadotropin and pregnancy-specific beta-1-glycoprotein in serum of patients with trophoblastic disease.

Serum levels for beta-human chorionic gonadotropin (beta-hCG) and pregnancy-specific beta 1-glycoprotein (SP1) in patients with trophoblastic disease were measured by radioimmunoassay and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The beta-hCG:SP1 ratios were below 1.0 in all 22 cases of complete hydatidiform mole and in 8 of 9 cases of partial hydatidiform mole. Two (10.5%) of 19 cases of invasive mole involving metastasis had ratios that rose above 1.0 during chemotherapy. Ratios ranged from 1.6 to 29 in 11 of 15 cases of choriocarcinoma before chemotherapy. The remaining 4 cases, diagnosed within 3 months of antecedent pregnancy, had ratios below 0.99. Thus, the difference between choriocarcinoma and nonchoriocarcinoma beta-hCG:SP1 ratios may be due to trophoblastic differentiation based on the developmental stage and with trophoblast age, or due to the mass and potential activity of trophoblastic cells.

Choriocarcinoma↗
PubMed1987

[Results of fetoscopic examinations at our hospital].

From 1983 to 1985, antenatal diagnosis by fetoscopy under ultrasound guidance has been performed at our institute for 17 pregnant women between 15 and 34 weeks of gestation. Indications for fetoscopy were visualization of the fetus, placenta, and amniotic membrane for morphological anomaly and fetal blood sampling for coagulation disorder. The diagnosis, made by visual observation of the fetus, blood coagulation tests, and karyotyping revealed 12 normal fetuses and 5 abnormal fetuses (one having chromosome abnormality, one amniotic band syndrome, one cephalothracopagus, one Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome, and one sacral tumor). Courses of pregnancy following fetoscopy resulted in four normal full-term deliveries, six premature deliveries due to four hydramnions and two spontaneous ruptures of the membrane more than 14 weeks after fetoscopy. Three other pregnancies were interrupted due to intrauterine fetal death 11 weeks after fetoscopy in one case and to therapeutic abortion for maternal complications such as toxemia of pregnancy in two cases. The outcome of one case was unknown because the mother had moved away. The other pregnancy is still under observation at the third trimester. Although no complications in the fetuses were seen following fetoscopy, complications in the mothers included two cases of genital bleeding, one case of amniotic fluid leakage, and one cases of abruption of the fetal membrane. Symptoms in all four cases disappeared during several days of bed rest. These results demonstrate the importance of fetoscopy in prenatal diagnosis.

Amniotic Band Syndrome↗
PubMed1986

Abnormally large placenta associated with Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome.

A 37-year-old G1-P1 was diagnosed by ultrasonography at 26 weeks of gestation as having an abnormally large placenta with hemangiomas and a fetus associated with exomphalos. Placental protein 5 levels were relatively high in placental protein levels in maternal serum. The infant, delivered by cesarean section at 34 weeks, had the typical clinical features associated with Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome. The abnormally large placenta weighed 1,492 g, measured 25 X 25 X 5.1 cm, and featured multiple hemangiomas. Microscopic placental features included edematous villi, increased fibrin deposition, intervillous thrombi, and multiple angiomatous and cellular chorangiomas.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

[Results of radiation therapy of nasopharyngeal cancer].

The results of irradiation therapy for nasopharyngeal carcinoma in 49 patients treated at the Department of Radiology, Jikei University of Medicine, between 1968 and 1981 are reviewed. The CR rate increased in proportion to increased dosage, especially in well-differentiated squamous cell carcinoma. The five-year cumulative survival rate was 40% in all stages. Severe late radiation injury occurred in two patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Cytological and histopathological studies of otitis media with effusion.

Middle ear fluid contains such cells as neutrophils, macrophages, and lymphocytes. There have been numerous reports dealing with these cellular components in the fluid. This study was undertaken to investigate interrelation between the type of predominant cells in the fluid and the stage of disease in adults and children. The study also included bacterial isolation from fluid for comparison of detection rates between adults and children, and microscopic examination of temporal bone from 2 adult patients with otitis media with effusion complicating tumors of head and neck. Thirty-two ears of adult patients and 40 ears of children both having received myringotomy were studied. The fluid specimens were obtained from middle ears examined microscopically with May-Giemsa stain and with alpha-Naphthyl butyrate esterase and Naphtohol AS-D chloroacetate double stains for identification of macrophages. Histopathological studies of the temporal bone were examined with hematoxylineosin stain. In adults, neutrophils were predominant in the fluid of 54.5% of subacute cases while the predominant cell type was macrophages in 45% of chronic cases. Neutrophils were the predominant type in 62.2% of children with chronic stage. Bacteria were demonstrated in 26.0% of the adult cases and in 21.6% of the children. By histopathological examination of the temporal bones, neutrophils were found in the fluid of case 1, and a large number of macrophages in the fluid and fibrosis of the tympanic cavity were found in case 2.

Adult↗