To establish mineral and trace element requirements for very low birth it is important to prevent bone mineral disorder. Those infants fed mother's milk only are thought to be at higher risk of this disorder. Both calcium and phosphorus supplementation were thought to be needed to prevent it. Copper and zinc are important as cofactors of major enzymes involved in the synthesis of collagen. These trace elements especially zinc may not be enough for very low birth weight infants fed mother's milk. At present however the relationship between these trace elements and minerals, and bone metabolic disease in preterm infants is not completely clear.

Humans↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Early cellular and molecular changes in ischemia/reperfusion injury: inhibition by a selectin antagonist, P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1.

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Adenosine↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Initial ischemia/reperfusion injury influences late functional and structural changes in the kidney.

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Animals↗

PubMedDate not supplied

A new rapid method for quantification of PCBs in transformer oil.

In order to improve the efficiency and cost-effectiveness of the PCB analysis, the DMSO partition and SPE extraction were applied to clean up the PCB-contaminated transformer oils and PCB level was determined by means of the quadrupole GC/MS. The analysis data obtained from this method were compared statistically to that from the standard method.

Chemistry Techniques, Analytical↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Foci of signal intensities different from fat in well-differentiated liposarcoma and lipoma: correlation between MR and histological findings.

To investigate the histological features of foci, which showed signal intensities different from fat by magnetic resonance (MR) imagings in well-differentiated lipoma-like liposarcomas and a case of lipoma, a retrospective review of these lipomatous tumors was performed to correlate MR and histological findings. Microscopic findings revealed that these foci were also composed of lipomatous tissue. Well-differentiated liposarcoma and benign lipoma associated with such foci should be differentiated from dedifferentiated liposarcoma based on the histological findings.

Adipose Tissue↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Phase I and pharmacologic study of oral (E)-2'-deoxy-2'-(fluoromethylene) cytidine: on a daily x 5-day schedule.

(E)-2'-deoxy-2'-(fluoromethylene)cytidine (FMdC), one of the most potent inhibitors of ribonucleoside diphosphate reductase, was selected for clinical development because of its novel mechanisms of action, and strong antitumor activity against experimental tumor models. This study was designed to determine the toxicities, maximum-tolerated dose (MTD), and pharmacokinetic profile of FMdC. FMdC was given orally for 5 consecutive days every 3 or 4 weeks in patients with advanced solid tumors. The starting dose was 8 mg/m2/day. Pharmacokinetic studies were carried out on days 1 through 5 of the first cycle. Ten patients with non-small cell lung cancer received 15 courses of FMdC at doses which were de-escalated from 8 mg/m2/day to 2 mg/m2/day because of unexpected severe toxicities at the starting dose level. Neutropenia was the dose-limiting toxicity. Thrombocytopenia and anemia were mild. Flu-like symptoms and fever were the common non-hematologic toxicities. The MTD was 4 mg/m2/day, since four of six patients developed grade 3-4 neutropenia. At the 4 mg/m2/day dose level, the mean terminal half-life, maximum plasma concentration (Cmax), plasma clearance, and mean residence time on day 1 were 3.20 h, 15.8 ng/ml, 2.91 l/h/kg, and 4.03 h, respectively. The recommended dose for phase II studies with this schedule is also 4 mg/m2/day for 5 days. Further investigations are necessary to establish optimal dosing schedules and routes for the administration of FMdC.

Administration, Oral↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Prediction of functional outcome after stroke rehabilitation.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study is to identify predictors of functional outcome after acute stroke inpatient rehabilitation using raw Functional Independence Measure (FIM) total scores. DESIGN: Multivariate analysis was performed on data collected retrospectively from stroke rehabilitation patients. Six independent variables were obtained from patients' medical records. RESULTS: The FIM total scores at the time of discharge from the hospital correlated strongly with FIM total scores at the time of admission to the hospital and correlated negatively with age and OAI using the Spearman's rank correlation method. The FIM total scores at the time of hospital admission were the best predictor of FIM total scores at the time of discharge from the hospital. However, the nature of the stroke, gender, and LOHS did not correlate with FIM total scores at the time of discharge from the hospital. CONCLUSIONS: Because FIM total scores at the time of hospital admission and discharge are highly correlated, FIM total scores at the time of hospital admission can be used to establish a rehabilitation program, to inform the patient and family about the possibility of recovery, and to assess the amount and quality of care given in the home or discharge placement.

Activities of Daily Living↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Intrapleural administration of cisplatin and etoposide to treat malignant pleural effusions in patients with non-small cell lung cancer.

BACKGROUND: To determine the efficacy, toxicity and pharmacokinetics of intrapleural cisplatin (CDDP) and etoposide as a treatment for malignant pleural effusions (MPE) in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). METHODS: Seventy patients with MPE associated with NSCLC were enrolled in this study. In 68 patients, a catheter was inserted into the pleural cavity, within 24 h after complete drainage of the pleural effusion, CDDP (80 mg/m2) and etoposide (80 mg/m2) were simultaneously administered successfully via the catheter and the catheter was clamped. Seventy-two hours later, the catheter was unclamped to allow drainage. The catheter was removed when the accumulated intrapleural fluid decreased to 20 ml or less per day. RESULTS: The pharmacokinetic profiles showed high maximum concentrations of CDDP (free form, 88 microg/ml) and etoposide (182. 4 microg/ml) in intrapleural fluids. CDDP did not remain for a long period (free form, beta-phase half-life = 10.51 h) in the fluids, while etoposide persisted for a long period (beta-phase half-life = 62.53 h). The overall response rate was 46.2%, the median survival time 32.3 weeks, the 1-year survival rate 28.7% and the 2-year survival rate 12.8%. The most serious adverse reactions were WHO grade 3 anemia (3 patients), grade 3 nausea and vomiting (17 patients), grade 3 constipation (1 patient), grade 3 pulmonary toxicity (1 patient), grade 4 fever (1 patient), grade 3 infection (1 patient) and grade 3 mental disorder (1 patient). CONCLUSION: Intrapleural administration of CDDP and etoposide was an effective and acceptable regimen for patients with MPE due to NSCLC.

Adenocarcinoma↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Phase II study of vinorelbine in heavily previously treated small cell lung cancer. Japan Lung Cancer Vinorelbine Study Group.

Twenty-four previously treated patients with refractory or relapsed small cell lung cancer (SCLC) were entered into a prospective, multicenter phase II study. All 24 patients had been pretreated with some form of cisplatin-based chemotherapy. The median time of chemotherapy was 4.2 months (range 1.4-9.4 months). Patients were treated with a dose of 25 mg/m2 of vinorelbine weekly. Twenty-four patients were eligible for response and for toxicity. Partial response was observed in 3 out of 24 eligible patients (12.5%; 95% confidence interval, 2.7-32.4%). All 3 patients who responded had previous chemotherapy including vincristine. The most common toxicity was leukopenia (91.7%, 66.7% in WHO 3-4 grade) and anemia (70.8%, 20.8% in WHO 3 grade). Nonhematological toxicities were moderate and mild. These results support a two-state sequential study design of previously untreated patients for further phase II study in SCLC.

Aged↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Lack of c-mpl proto-oncogene transcripts and growth-stimulatory effects of thrombopoietin on human small cell lung cancer cell lines.

Thrombopoietin (TPO) is a recently discovered hematopoietic growth factor which stimulates the production and maturation of megakaryocytes. In this study, we used a modified MTT assay to examine the in vitro growth-stimulatory effects of recombinant human (rh) TPO and recombinant human stem cell factor (rhSCF) on eight small cell lung cancer (SCLC) cell lines and one leukemic cell line, CMK, with megakaryocytic characteristics. rhTPO did not reveal any stimulatory effects on all eight SCLC cell lines, while rhSCF demonstrated a modest growth-stimulatory effect on one etoposide-resistant SCLC cell line (H69/VP). The transcripts of c-mpl, the receptor of TPO, was not detected in all SCLC cell lines by RT-PCR analysis, while those of c-kit, the receptor of SCF, were detected in five of eight SCLC cell lines. Our data suggest that rhTPO does not promote the growth of SCLC cell lines and may be clinically applicable for patients with this disease. Moreover, rhSCF may cause adverse effects in part of the SCLC patients.

Base Sequence↗