Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

M Takada

Publications and source records attributed to M Takada.

At least 541 records · Page 30Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

[Restorative effect of muroctasin, MDP-Lys (L 18), on leukopenia caused by anticancer chemotherapy in lung cancer--comparative study by envelope method].

Muroctasin, a derivative of MDP, is known to augment the number of WBC via colony-stimulating factor. Muroctasin has been expected to be promising for application to leukopenia caused by anticancer chemotherapy. When WBC decreased to less than or equal to 3,000/mm3 after the 1st course of chemotherapy, 131 patients with lung cancer, who were previously classified by chemotherapy combination, were enrolled in the study and randomized into 3 groups, 200 micrograms (H), 100 micrograms (L) and untreated control (C) groups. The patients were then subcutaneously treated once daily for 6 consecutive days. WBC and its differential count were measured on days 4, 7 and 15 after commencement of the study. WBCs in H and L groups showed greater recovery than in C group. In WBC differential count, the recovery of neutrophil was prominent in muroctasin-treated groups. A portion of immature neutrophil in bone marrow was also increased by muroctasin treatment. In the present study, the usefulness of muroctasin in leukopenia was indicated when administered at dosages of 200 micrograms for 6 days.

Acetylmuramyl-Alanyl-Isoglutamine↗
PubMed1988

[Clinical study of extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy].

Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy was performed on 81 patients with urolithiasis (35 patients with ureteral stones, 25 patients with renal stones less than 2 cm in diameter, and 21 patients with renal stones more than 2 cm in diameter) at Kanbara Hospital from August to October, 1986. A 4 Fr catheter was placed transurethrally in the ureter up to the stone to identify the stone position and the degree of fragmented stones. In four patients with staghorn calculi, a double-J catheter was placed in the ureter to prevent stone street formation. More than 50% of the patients with renal stones less than 2 cm in maximum diameter and ureteral stones had satisfactorily excreted fragments or sand of crushed stones not later than 2 weeks after the operation. However, in patients with renal stones more than 2 cm in maximum diameter, it took much more time to discharge the crushed stones compared with the foregoing two groups and some patients needed further management to remove the remnants. Combined treatment, ureteral catheterization or endoscopic operation with ESWL is recommended for treatment of renal stones larger than 2 cm in diameter.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

[Studies on an appropriate intra thoracic administration of cisplatin and sodium thiosulfate in malignant pleural effusion].

Twenty-eight patients with malignant pleural effusion received instillation of cisplatin (CDDP) into the pleural cavity to examine the pharmacokinetics and side effects of CDDP Thirteen patients received high-dose CDDP (120 mg/m2-160 mg/m2) in combination with sodium thiosulfate (STS), while 15 others received CDDP alone (80 mg/m2). Total Pt and non-protein-bound Pt (free Pt) concentrations in the pleural effusion and plasma were determined by flameless atomic absorption spectrometry. In one patient, Pt concentrations of intact CDDP and STS-bound CDDP were determined using high performance liquid chromatography and flameless atomic absorption spectrometry. Instillation of CDDP at 160 mg/m2 into the pleural cavity was achieved by concurrent use of STS in the large dose (STS 20 g/m2 1 hr later, totalling 625-fold molar ratio to CDDP). When CDDP was combined with STS, there was alleviation in hematological, renal and auditory toxicity but not in nausea, vomiting or anorexia. When CDDP was instillated into the pleural cavity at 150 mg/m2 (in combination with STS equivalent to 200-fold molar ratio to CDDP), a high Pt concentration of intact CDDP could be maintained in the pleural effusion over a prolonged period of time, recording 8.80 micrograms/ml even as late as 12 hr after instillation. On the other hand nearly all of the free Pt concentration for the first 2 hr was considered to be due to intact CDDP. Once systemically administered, STS quickly moved into the pleural effusion, binding with CDDP in the pleural cavity and thus probably reducing its anti-tumor effect. STS did not greatly affect the plasma concentration of total Pt when it was administered at a 100-fold molar ratio to CDDP, yielding only p poor effect. Our findings suggest that malignant pleural effusion could be effectively treated by the instillation of CDDP 80 mg/m2 into the pleural cavity.

Aged↗
PubMed1988

[Detection of Chlamydia trachomatis by several methods in the uterine cervix of pregnant women].

Most pregnant women who have Chlamydia trachomatis (C. trachomatis) in the uterine cervix are asymptomatic. Several ways of detecting C.trachomatis were tested on 331 pregnant women, as well as 146 female patients attending our STD clinic as a control. 1) The detection rates for C.trachomatis in the cervix of pregnant women were 5.1% using the cell culture method, 2.4% with Micro Trak, and 2.2% employing Chlamydiazyme. These rates were higher in those patients visiting the STD clinic. 2) In pregnant women, the positive rate of Chlamydiazyme was 66.7% in the cell culture-positive cervical specimens, whereas Micro Trak was positive in 33.3%. 3) The antibody-positive rate was 84.6% in cases with PID caused by C.trachomatis. The antibody was found in only 17.7% of the pregnant women. Additionally, no significant correlation was noted between the antibody titer and C.trachomatis colonization in specimens obtained from the cervix of pregnant women. Although Micro Trak, Chlamydiazyme and possibly the microplate immunofluorescence antibody technique can be substituted for a cell culture method for detecting C.trachomatis in cases of symptomatic infection, these tests are not considered to be useful for screening Chlamydia-positive pregnant women.

Antibodies, Bacterial↗
PubMed1987

Long descending direct projection from the basal ganglia to the spinal cord: a revival of the extrapyramidal concept.

Our retrograde fluorescent labeling study shows that a distinct cell group of the subthalamic nucleus, posited in the basal ganglia, directly sends long descending axons contralaterally to the upper cervical segments (C1-C5) of the spinal cord in the rat. A large population (60-70%) of these subthalamic cells projecting to contralateral spinal levels give off axonal branches innervating the ipsilateral globus pallidus. Now, the classical concept of the 'extrapyramidal' motor system needs to be reconsidered. Furthermore, our results may provide a morphological substrate for the onset of a violent form of dyskinesia, 'hemiballism', which occurs in the contralateral limbs both clinically and experimentally following discrete lesions in the subthalamic nucleus or its fiber connections with the globus pallidus.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

A direct projection from the tuberomammillary nucleus to the spinal cord in the rat.

After injections of retrograde fluorescent tracers (True blue (TB), Diamidino yellow (DY) and Fluorogold) into the upper cervical segments of the rat spinal cord, a group of labeled neurons were consistently found bilaterally in the tuberomammillary nucleus (TM) of the hypothalamus with an ipsilateral predominance. The data from injections of two different tracers (TB and DY) in the same animal suggest that the vast majority of TM cells projecting to the spinal cord rarely give off divergent axon collaterals to the frontal/prefrontal cortices, striatum, amygdala and superior colliculus.

Amidines↗
PubMed1987

Glycine: an alternative transmitter candidate of the pallidosubthalamic projection neurons in the rat.

Autoradiographic retrograde tracing techniques with radioactive transmitters were used to analyse the identity of a putative transmitter in the rat pallidosubthalamic (GP-STN) pathway. One to 2 hours after the stereotaxic injection of 3H-glycine restricted to the STN, a large number of neuronal somata were radiolabeled in the GP. No comparable labeling was observed following the injection of 3H-gamma-aminobutyric acid (3H-GABA) into the same nucleus even with survival times as long as 6 hours. Specifically, no significant somatic labeling was detected either in the GP or in the caudoputamen (CPU). Only when 3H-GABA was injected into the substantia nigra did CPU and GP neurons become labeled. On the contrary, STN neuronal somata were invariably labeled 6 hours after the intrapallidal injection of 3H-GABA, whereas no perikaryal labeling was observed in the STN after 3H-glycine injection into the GP. The perikaryal labeling was prevented in all cases by intraventricular administration of colchicine 1 day before the isotope injections. The observations suggest that 3H-glycine was preferentially transported retrogradely through the GP-STN pathway, and 3H-GABA through the STN-GP projection. In view of the recent controversy on the role of GABA as a putative transmitter of the GP-STN projection, we now propose glycine as an alternative transmitter candidate of these critically situated neurons in the basal ganglia.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Organization of ventral tegmental area cells projecting to the occipital cortex and forebrain in the rat.

Our horseradish peroxidase retrograde tracing study revealed a specific subpopulation of ventral tegmental area (VTA) neurons that send axons to the occipital cortex in the rat. A fluorescent retrograde tracing study demonstrated that neuronal populations in the VTA projecting to the occipital cortex are distributed in a manner separate from those projecting to forebrain structures such as the frontal/anterior cingulate cortices and nucleus accumbens. The scarcity of collateral projections from the VTA contrasts with the extensive collateralization of projection neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta. Projections to the occipital cortex may define the distribution of cells comprising the VTA and thus the clear hodological separation of the A9 and A10 dopamine cell groups.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

The rat striatum: a target nucleus for ascending axon collaterals of the entopedunculo-habenular pathway.

Direct projections from the entopeduncular nucleus (Ep) to the striatum were examined in the rat using retrograde tracing techniques. After injecting horseradish peroxidase (HRP) into the caudoputamen (CPU), labeled fibers could be traced medially to go through and/or terminate in both the globus pallidus (GP) and Ep ipsilateral to the injection. Interestingly, HRP-positive neuronal perikarya were observed in the Ep as well as in the GP after the CPU injections. These labeled Ep neurons were medium in size and restricted to the rostral 1/3 of the nucleus, in a distribution which overlapped the terminal fields from the CPU. A fluorescent tracer injection into the CPU resulted in retrograde labeling of Ep cells in the same fashion as after HRP injections. A second experiment was designed to determine whether the Ep cells projecting to the CPU have axon collaterals to any of the other known terminal fields of the Ep. Following True blue (TB) injections into the CPU and Diamidino yellow (DY) injections into the lateral habenular nucleus (lHb), all the TB-positive neurons in the rostral 1/3 of the Ep were unequivocally double-labeled with DY. On the other hand, the TB-labeled Ep neurons were never double labeled with DY injected into the centre median-parafascicular complex (CM-Pf) or ventroanterior-ventrolateral complex (VA-VL) of the thalamus or nucleus tegmenti pedunculopontinus pars compacta (TPC). The present study shows that single Ep neurons in the rostral 1/3 of the nucleus innervate both the striatum and lHb, and raises the possibility that these neurons may have a critical role in integrating motor and limbic functions in the basal ganglia.

Amidines↗
PubMed1987

Intracerebral MPTP injections in the rat cause cell loss in the substantia nigra, ventral tegmental area and dorsal raphe.

A retrograde tracer was combined with intracerebral injections of high doses of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) to examine its neurotoxic effects on rat midbrain structures projecting to the striatum. MPTP injections into the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc) and ventral tegmental area (VTA) caused a huge cell loss in both regions. Furthermore, since MPTP infusions into the medial forebrain bundle produced destruction of dorsal raphe neurons (presumably serotonergic), as well as of dopaminergic SNc/VTA neurons, its neurotoxic effects in the rat are 'relatively non-selective' rather than 'relatively selective'.

1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine↗
PubMed1987

Tissue factor activity in leukemia cells. Special reference to disseminated intravascular coagulation.

Tissue factor activity (TFA) of 10(8) leukemia cells was measured in 82 patients with acute nonlymphoid leukemia by the clotting method. The TFA bore a significant correlation to the development of disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) in these cases. Mean TFA value with standard deviation (SD) was 8.3 +/- 6.3 U in 48 cases with DIC, which was significantly higher than 0.3 +/- 4.2 U in 34 cases without DIC. Whereas Mean TFA in non-M3 was 0.9 +/- 6.3 U which was significantly lower than 37.2 +/- 2.3 U in M3, some non-M3 showed TFA as high as M3 and were complicated by DIC. In heparin treatment, dosage of heparin could not be controlled by either APTT or AcCT but was controlled by the extent of TFA of leukemia cells. Retrospective analysis of clinical features revealed that 97000X + 9000 units/day (X = logarithm value of TFA) of heparin is an adequate dosage for the successful treatment of DIC when TFA of leukemia cells is 0.8 U or more.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Direct projections from the dorsal column nuclei and the spinal trigeminal nuclei to the cochlear nuclei in the cat.

A retrograde and anterograde wheat germ agglutinated horseradish peroxidase WGA-HRP study in the cat indicated that some neurons in the dorsal column nuclei and the interpolar and caudal spinal trigeminal nuclei send fibers to the dorsal and ventral cochlear nuclei; to the pyramidal cell layer of the dorsal cochlear nucleus and to the cochlear granule cell domain, bilaterally with an ipsilateral dominance.

Animals↗