[A case of multiple focal nodular hyperplasia in the liver].
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Female↗
Biomedical subjects
M Takada
Publications and source records attributed to M Takada.
[Early detection and diagnosis of breast cancer].
Various kinds of modalities have been used to detect and diagnose breast cancer. In order to detect early breast cancer, mass screening has been widely performed with physical examinations in Japan and mammography in the U. S and European countries. After detecting some abnormalities within the breast under basic screening, further examinations are required for a precise diagnosis. For this purpose, ultrasonography and/or thermography are used as a noninvasive image examination, and aspiration biopsy cytology and/or surgical biopsy are employed for the final diagnosis. Mammography with highly qualified equipment and its adequate performance is thought to be the most useful modality in basic screening for detecting nonpalpable breast cancer. Ultrasonography is valuable for differentiating whether the lesions detected on screening are malignant or benign. Thermography seems better in analysing the malignant potential of the lesions detected by other examinations. Aspiration biopsy cytology (ABC) is employed for final diagnosis. Fine needle ABC has the highest sensitivity (90.8%) compared to other modalities in this department of Fukushima Medical College Hospital. Positive diagnosis on ABC is not needed for surgical biopsy. However, suspected or negative findings on ABC are required for two-step surgical biopsy which should be performed at the outpatient clinic to obtain detailed information about the biological characteristics as well as pathological diagnosis.
Biopsy, Needle↗
[Respiratory arrest following diazepam administration during spinal anesthesia in a patient with myotonic dystrophy].
A 43 year old female with previously undiagnosed myotonic dystrophy received abdominal hysterectomy under spinal anesthesia. Respiratory arrest occurred when diazepam 5 mg was slowly administered intravenously during operation. Mask ventilation was continued during operation with nitrous oxide and pentazocine 30 mg i.v. After the operation ventilatory failure continued. Arterial blood gas analysis revealed pH; 7.21, Pao2; 57 mmHg, Paco2; 82 mmHg in spite of oxygen therapy by a face mask. For 5 days after the operation, oxygen therapy was necessary. The patient was diagnosed as myotonic dystrophy by further examination after the operation. In a patient with myotonic dystrophy, we should be very careful in administering a drug which may cause respiratory depression to prevent respiratory complication.
Adult↗
Diagnosis of post-transfusion graft-versus-host disease after formalin-fixation.
A 72-year-old woman with multiple recurrence of gallbladder cancer was treated by intrahepatic-arterial infusion of doxorubicin using an extracorporeal system of direct hemoperfusion with venovenous bypass. During this treatment, the patient received 600 ml of fresh whole blood and 30 units of platelet concentrate from five unrelated donors. Thereafter, high fever, skin rash over the whole body, and watery diarrhea developed, followed by leukopenia progressing to a fatal sepsis. Post-transfusion graft-versus-host disease (PT-GVHD) was suspected by the clinical manifestations and postmortem pathologic findings. To establish the diagnosis of PT-GVHD, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of DNA polymorphism associated with length variation in dinucleotide or trinucleotide microsatellite repeats at the loci of D6S89, int-2 protooncogene, and human growth factor with each of the different primer sets was performed using DNA from blood drawn from the patient with clinically established PT-GVHD of a donor origin and formalin-fixed pancreas of recipient origin. Genetic analysis revealed the changes in the patient's lymphocytes from that of the patient to that of donor origin. The present finding that formalin-fixed tissues can be used as a material of patient origin may contribute to accurate diagnosis of PT-GVHD after autopsy.
Aged↗
[Pharmacological action of anabolic steroids].
Anabolic steroids (AS) are derivatives of androgen (testosterone and its close relatives). AS have been primarily developed for clinical use as anabolic agents with the expectation that they would be relatively less androgenic than testosterone and its close relatives. Various AS are applied to clinical use, but none is free from androgenic activity. Relation between chemical structure and anabolic-androgenic potency of various AS is summarized. AS action in erythropoiesis operates through increased porphyrin formation and production of erythropoietin. Mechanism of AS action in bone formation is suggested that AS potentiate intestinal 1.25(OH)2D receptors. Identification of androgen receptors in normal human osteoblast-like cells suggest that AS act directly on receptor-mediated mechanism. The other action of AS is briefly summarized.
Anabolic Agents↗
[Clinical aspects of calcium metabolism disorders of the bone. II. Progress in diagnosis and treatment. 3. Metabolic diseases of the bone: 3) Current status and problems of quantitative analysis of bone minerals].
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Absorptiometry, Photon↗
[Clinical evaluation of ultrasonic measurement of the calcaneal bone].
We measured the speed of sound (SOS) and broadband ultrasound attenuation (BUA) in the calcaneal bone and compared those values with bone mineral density (BMD) as assessed by single X-ray absorptiometry and dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. Calcaneal speed of sound and broad band ultrasound attenuation showed an earlier decrease with age than lumbar BMD, Calcaneal SOS and BUA correlated well with calcaneal BMD. Calcaneal SOS correlated more closely with neck BMD than lumbar BMD measured by DXA. Furthermore, measurement of calcaneal SOS is more useful than measurement of lumbar BMD to evaluate femoral neck BMD, which might be very important for clinical purposes. Both body weight and height correlated well with calcaneal BMD but not so well with calcaneal SOS or BUA. As ultrasound emits no radiation, we can use it without the restriction of radiation protection.
Absorptiometry, Photon↗
3-Acetylpyridine neurotoxicity to the nigrostriatal dopamine system in mice.
Employing tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) immunohistochemistry, the neurotoxic effects of 3-acetylpyridine (3-AP), a potent neurotoxin selective to olivocerebellar climbing fibers, on the mesencephalic dopamine systems were investigated in mice. Systemic injections of 3-AP resulted in a large loss of TH-immunoreactive nigrostriatal neurons. On the other hand, 3-AP neurotoxicity to the mesolimbic dopamine system was much less drastic. The 3-AP-induced concurrent loss of olivocerebellar and nigrostriatal neurons may replicate an essential neuropathological feature of olivopontocerebellar atrophy-associated parkinsonism.
Animals↗
Identification of periaqueductal gray and dorsal raphe nucleus neurons projecting to both the trigeminal sensory complex and forebrain structures: a fluorescent retrograde double-labeling study in the rat.
The midbrain periaqueductal gray (PAG) including the dorsal raphe nucleus (DR) has been known to contain serotoninergic neurons projecting to many brain regions. Employing fluorescent retrograde double labeling combined with immunofluorescence histochemistry for serotonin (5-HT), we examined in the rat whether or not single PAG/DR neurons with 5-HT send their axons to both the trigeminal sensory complex and forebrain regions. Stereotaxic injections of Diamidino Yellow (DY) and Fast Blue (FB) were performed unilaterally; DY was injected into the caudal spinal trigeminal nucleus or principal sensory trigeminal nucleus, and FB into the ventrolateral orbital cortex, nucleus accumbens or amygdala. A small percentage of PAG/DR neurons were doubly labeled with DY and FB, and the majority of them showed 5-HT-like immunoreactivity (5-HT-LI). Most of these 5-HT-LI PAG/DR neurons that were indicated to send their axons simultaneously to both the trigeminal sensory complex and forebrain regions were distributed in the ventrolateral PAG subdivision and ventral aspects of the medial PAG subdivision at the middle and caudal PAG levels, bilaterally with a predominant distribution on the side ipsilateral to the injections. This indicates a possible role of these PAG/DR neurons in the limbic or affective-motivational aspect of the pain-related neural system.
Amidines↗
Demonstration of habenular neurons which receive afferent fibers from the nucleus accumbens and send their axons to the midbrain periaqueductal gray.
After injecting Phaseolus vulgaris leucoagglutinin (PHA-L) and wheat germ agglutinin conjugated with horseradish peroxidase (WGA-HRP), respectively, into the medial part of the nucleus accumbens (NA) and the midbrain periaqueductal gray including the dorsal raphe nucleus (PAG/DR) on one side of single rat brains, we observed that axon terminals labeled anterogradely with PHA-L made possible synaptic contact with neurons in the habenula (Hb) which were retrogradely labeled with WGA-HRP. These Hb neurons were distributed in the medial part of the lateral Hb. The results indicate that the medial part of the lateral Hb relays neuronal information from the medial part of the NA to the PAG/DR.
Animals↗
The sites of origin of dopaminergic afferent fibers to the lateral habenular nucleus in the rat.
The lateral habenular nucleus of the rat contains a dense plexus of dopaminergic fibers, which are more marked in the medial part of the lateral habenular nucleus than in its lateral counterpart. Employing a combination of fluorescent retrograde axonal tracing with fluorogold and tyrosine hydroxylase immunofluorescence histochemistry, we investigated the distribution of cells of origin of the dopaminergic afferent fibers to the lateral habenular nucleus in the rat. The cells double-labeled with both fluorogold injected into the lateral habenular nucleus and tyrosine hydroxylase antisera were seen in a variety of fore- and midbrain regions, including the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, medial preoptic area, periventricular, ventromedial, and dorsomedial hypothalamic nuclei, ventral tegmental area, interfascicular nucleus, substantia nigra pars compacta, ventrolateral division of the midbrain periaqueductal gray, and dorsal raphe nucleus. The double-labeled cells were located bilaterally with an ipsilateral predominance, and constituted approximately 10% of the total fluorogold-positive cell population. We have further observed by anterograde axonal tracing with Phaseolus vulgaris-leucoagglutinin that projection fibers arising from the sites of origin of the dopaminergic afferent fibers to the lateral habenular nucleus terminate mainly in the medial part of the lateral habenular nucleus, and to a lesser extent in its lateral counterpart. Thus, we have found in the present study that the dopaminergic neurons sending their axons to the lateral habenular nucleus are widely distributed in the A9, A10, A14, and A15 dopaminergic cell groups. Such dopaminergic neurons may exert regulatory influences upon many limbic-associated brain regions via the lateral habenular nucleus.
Afferent Pathways↗
Identification of premotor interneurons which project bilaterally to the trigeminal motor, facial or hypoglossal nuclei: a fluorescent retrograde double-labeling study in the rat.
With the aid of a fluorescent retrograde double-labeling technique, we examined in the rat the distribution of single neurons which project bilaterally to one of the orofacial motor nuclei (the trigeminal motor, facial and hypoglossal nuclei) by branching axons. The results suggested that premotor interneurons were distributed most frequently in the medial part of the parvicellular reticular nucleus; such neurons were further scattered in the other regions of the medullary reticular formation, in the regions around the trigeminal motor nucleus, in the parabrachial area, and in the mesencephalic reticular formation.
Animals↗
Collateral projections of single neurons in the periaqueductal gray and dorsal raphe nucleus to both the trigeminal sensory complex and spinal cord in the rat.
After injecting Diamidino yellow (DY) and Fast blue (FB), respectively, into the trigeminal sensory complex and lumbar cord segments, neurons were doubly labeled retrogradely with both DY and FB in the periaqueductal gray (PAG) and dorsal raphe nucleus (DR). The fluorescent retrograde double-labeling method combined with serotonin (5HT) immunofluorescence histochemistry revealed that more than 70% of the doubly labeled PAG/DR neurons showed 5HT-like immunoreactivity (5HT-LI). These 5HT-LI PAG/DR neurons may modulate nociceptors in the trigeminal sensory complex and spinal cord by sending axon collaterals to these regions.
Animals↗
Bilateral projections of single retinal ganglion cells to the lateral geniculate nuclei and superior colliculi in the albino rat.
Employing fluorescent retrograde double/triple labeling, we investigated bilateral projections of single retinal ganglion cells to the lateral geniculate nuclei (LGN) and superior colliculi (SC) in the albino rat. After separate injections of Fast Blue (FB) and Diamidino Yellow (DY), respectively, into the right and left LGN, a large number of retrogradely-labeled cells were distributed all over the retina contralateral to each injection. Ipsilaterally projecting ganglion cells, which were labeled with one tracer injected into the LGN, were found predominantly in the lower-temporal retinal region; approximately 56% (120-140 cells per retina) of them were further labeled with the other tracer injected into the contralateral LGN. The vast majority of these double-labeled cells were of large type (more than 20 microns in diameter). Similar findings were obtained after separate injections of FB and DY, respectively, into the right and left SC, or respectively, into the right SC and left LGN. After separate injections of FB, DY and rhodamine-B-isothiocyanate, respectively, into the bilateral LGN and unilateral SC, or respectively, into the unilateral LGN and bilateral SC, a number of cells triple-labeled with all tracers were localized in the lower-temporal retinal region; most of them were of large type. Thus, the bilateral projections from the lower-temporal retinal region representing binocular vision in the rat are indicated to be achieved not only by separate populations of ganglion cells each exclusively serving one side of the brain, but also by axon collaterals from single ganglion cells; the ganglion cells projecting bilaterally to the LGN or/and SC are primarily of large type corresponding probably to the Y cell in the cat retina.
Amidines↗
Demonstration of axon terminals of projection fibers from the periaqueductal gray onto neurons in the nucleus raphe magnus which send their axons to the trigeminal sensory nuclei.
Axon terminals of projection fibers from the periaqueductal gray (PAG) onto neurons in the nucleus raphe magnus (NRM) sending their axons to the principal sensory trigeminal nucleus (Vp) or caudal spinal trigeminal nucleus (Vc) were demonstrated light microscopically: In the rats which were injected with Phaseolus vulgaris leucoagglutinin (PHA-L) and wheat germ agglutinin conjugated to horseradish peroxidase (WGA-HRP) respectively into the PAG and trigeminal sensory complex (Vp or Vc), presumed axon terminals labeled anterogradely with PHA-L appeared to make synaptic contacts with NRM neurons labeled retrogradely with WGA-HRP.
Animals↗
Premotor neurons projecting simultaneously to two orofacial motor nuclei by sending their branched axons. A study with a fluorescent retrograde double-labeling technique in the rat.
Premotor neurons innervating simultaneously two of the trigeminal motor (Vm), facial (VII) and hypoglossal nuclei (XII) by sending their branched axons were demonstrated in the lower brain stem of the rat by means of a fluorescent retrograde double-labeling method with Fast Blue (FB) and Diamidino Yellow (DY). After injections of FB and DY, respectively, into the Vm and VII, into the Vm and XII, or into the VII and XII, the majority of neuronal cell bodies labeled doubly with FB and DY were distributed in the lateral tegmental field, especially its medial part in the medulla oblongata.
Amidines↗
Collateral projections of single neurons in the nucleus raphe magnus to both the sensory trigeminal nuclei and spinal cord in the rat.
After injecting Diamidino yellow and Fast blue respectively into the sensory trigeminal nuclei and spinal cord, we observed doubly labeled cells in the nucleus raphe magnus (NRM). Combining the fluorescent retrograde double labeling with serotonin (5-HT) immunofluorescence histochemistry, we further found that about 30% of the doubly labeled NRM neurons showed 5-HT-like immunoreactivity (5-HT-LI). Such 5-HT-LI NRM neurons may modulate nociceptive activities simultaneously in the sensory trigeminal nuclei and spinal cord by sending axon collaterals to these regions.
Animals↗
MPTP neurotoxicity to cerebellar Purkinje cells in mice.
The pyridine derivative 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) is recognized as a crucial neurotoxin which destroys nigrostriatal dopamine cells, thereby inducing neurological signs relevant to idiopathic Parkinson's disease. In the present study, we have revealed MPTP neurotoxicity to cerebellar Purkinje cells in mice. Systemic MPTP injections to mice resulted in a substantial loss of Purkinje cells in a dose-dependent fashion. The MPTP-induced Purkinje cell loss occurred markedly in the crus I and II ansiform lobules and the paraflocculus. Such a neurotoxic effect was largely prevented by the monoamine oxidase B inhibitors pargyline and deprenyl, and the dopamine uptake inhibitors mazindol and benztropine.
1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine↗