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Biomedical subjects

M Tabata

Publications and source records attributed to M Tabata.

At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMed1995

[Induction chemotherapy followed by adjuvant surgery (IC-AS) in patients with stage I-II small cell lung cancer (SCLC)].

Ten patients with stage I-II SCLC received IC-AS between 1984 and 1993. As induction chemotherapy, COMP-VAN alternating chemotherapy and CAV-PVP hybrid chemotherapy were administered. The former consisted of a 4-drug combination of cyclophosphamide (CPA), vincristine (VCR), methotrexate (MTX) and procarbazine alternated with a 3-drug combination of etoposide (ETP), adriamycin (ADM) and nimustine every 4 weeks. In the latter, a 3-drug combination of CPA, ADM and VCR given on day 1, and a 2-drug combination of ETP and cisplatin on day 8, were repeated every 4 weeks. All the patients had an objective response, including one complete response by induction chemotherapy. Post-operative pathology revealed SCLC in 4 patients, adenocarcinoma in 2 and no tumor (pathological CR) in 4. Four patients relapsed, and a intrathoracic relapse was experienced in only 2 patients. Six patients have died: 3 from relapsing SCLC, 2 from stomach cancer, and 1 from squamous lung cancer, who was salvaged from relapsing SCLC. The median survival time was 27.5 months, and the 3-year survival rate 37.5%. These results indicate that IC-AS is highly effective for stage I-II SCLC and warrant additional studies comparing IC-AS with chemo-radiotherapy.

Aged↗
PubMed1995

Plasma insulin and blood pressure in normotensive Japanese men with normal glucose tolerance.

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether blood pressure within the normal range is associated with plasma insulin concentration in a Japanese population with normal glucose tolerance. METHODS: We studied 491 normotensive Japanese men with normal glucose tolerance, who had never been treated with antihypertensive medications. Plasma glucose and insulin response during a 75-g oral glucose-tolerance test, blood pressure, body mass index, serum lipids, alcohol consumption and smoking status were obtained. The subjects were divided into quartiles according to mean blood pressure level (< 79, 79-84, 85-91 and > or = 92 mmHg). To eliminate possible confounding factors, analysis of covariance was also performed. RESULTS: In univariate analyses the plasma insulin response after an oral glucose load, especially after 60 min, was significantly related to blood pressure level. Plasma glucose was related to blood pressure level only at fasting. When adjusted for age, body mass index, plasma glucose response and alcohol consumption, plasma insulin concentrations after 30 and 60 min in the highest quartile were significantly higher than those in the lowest quartile. CONCLUSIONS: Blood pressure was significantly and independently related to plasma insulin level after an oral glucose load in normotensive Japanese men with normal glucose tolerance. The results suggest that the relationship between blood pressure and insulin resistance already exists in a prehypertensive state even in a lean Asian population.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Isolation and characterization of two cDNAs encoding 4-coumarate:CoA ligase in Lithospermum cell cultures.

Two near full-length cDNAs (LE4CL-1, LE4CL-2), which encode 4-coumarate:CoA ligase (4CL), were cloned from a library of Lithospermum erythrorhizon cell suspension cultures by the use of heterologous probe of potato 4CL. These cDNAs are 2.1 kb and 2.2 kb in length, respectively. LE4CL-1 encodes 636 amino acids, whose homologies to the 4CL protein sequences known to potato, parsley, pine and rice, were found to be 68%, 66%, 56% and 50% (identities on amino acid level), respectively, whereas those of the predicted translation product of LE4CL-2 (594 amino acids) to the above 4CL proteins were 49 approximately 54%. The similarity of the deduced amino acid sequences between the two 4CLs from Lithospermum cell cultures was 49% in identity. Northern analyses showed that the mRNA levels of both LE4CL-1 and LE4CL-2 were much higher under illumination than in the dark, as reported for the 4CL genes of such plants as parsley. In comparison of mRNA levels of LE4CL-1 and LE4CL-2, the former was demonstrated to be generally higher than the latter by means of an application of RT-PCR. The genomic southern blot experiments suggested that there are probably three copies of LE4CL-1 in the Lithospermum genome DNA, whereas only one copy was detected for LE4CL-2.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1995

[Gingival metastasis of large-cell lung cancer that produced G-CSF].

A 68-year-old man was referred to our hospital for further examination of a gingival mass. Chest radiographs and magnetic resonance imaging disclosed a bulky mass originating in the upper portion of the left lung, in contact with a chronic empyema lesion that first occurred after resection for pulmonary tuberculosis. Examination of a specimen obtained by percutaneous needle biopsy of the mass led to the diagnosis of large-cell carcinoma. Laboratory findings on admission showed marked leukocytosis (48,100/microliter) without evidence of severe a bacterial infection. The level of G-CSF in serum was abnormally high (246 pg/ml, normal value: < 30 pg/ml). Chemotherapy with vindesine, ifosfamide, and cisplatin resulted in shrinkage of the gingival mass, and a decrease in the G-CSF level to 66 pg/ml. Immunohistochemical staining with an anti-G-CSF monoclonal antibody to the primary lung tumor and the gingival mass obtained at autopsy was positive for cytoplasmic G-CSF.

Aged↗
PubMed1994

Prognostic factors of renal dysfunction induced by environmental cadmium pollution.

To assess the influence of environmental cadmium (Cd) exposure on long-term outcome, a follow-up study was conducted from 1981-1982 to March 1991 on 3178 inhabitants living in the Cd-polluted Kakehashi River basin. The standardized mortality ratios of the urinary beta 2-microglobulin (beta 2-MG)-, protein-, and amino acid-positive subjects of both sexes and the urinary glucose-positive female subjects were higher than those of the subjects with urinary-negative findings or the general Japanese population during the observation period. After adjusting for age using Cox's proportional hazards model, significant associations were found between mortality and urinary indices. In multiple comparisons using all of the indices, urinary protein and beta 2-MG in the women and urinary protein in the men were the factors most contributing to the mortality rates. In the urinary protein-negative female group as well, a significant association was found between urinary beta 2-MG and mortality. These results suggest that the prognosis of subjects with Cd-induced renal dysfunction is unfavorable, with the mortality rate increasing even in the early stage of proximal tubular dysfunction. Urinary protein and urinary beta 2-MG are important prognostic factors, with the latter, in particular, considered to be useful as an early index predictive of premature mortality.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1994

Genetic control of geranial formation in Perilla frutescens.

A novel chemotype (C type) having a lemon-like odor segregated out in the F2 progeny of a cross between PK and PL chemotypes of Perilla frutescens. Chemical analysis of C-type plants revealed that geranial was the major component of essential oils in the leaves. Genetic analysis suggested that geranial is accumulated by individuals homozygous for two pairs of recessive, polymeric genes, fr1 and fr2, which are incapable of converting geranial into perillene.

Acyclic Monoterpenes↗
PubMed1994

Experimental study of the pathogenesis of acute acalculous cholecystitis: role of autonomic denervation.

This study was undertaken to elucidate the role of autonomic denervation in the pathogenesis of acute acalculous cholecystitis. In Experiment I, the gallbladder was denervated by performing either celiac neurotomy (sympathetic denervation) or truncal vagotomy (parasympathetic denervation), or both, in dogs. In Experiment II, 45-min ischemia and 90-min reperfusion of the gallbladder with or without autonomic denervation were performed by simultaneously occluding the middle hepatic artery and superior mesenteric vein. Celiac neurotomy, and truncal vagotomy, or both, did not cause cholecystitis. Sympathetic denervation, however, decreased the amount of mucin in the gallbladder mucosa and parasympathetic denervation caused reduction of the tissue blood flow, as well as the accumulation of lipid peroxide and xanthine oxidase in the gallbladder mucosa. These changes were most remarkable 1-2 weeks after denervation and were alleviated 4 weeks after denervation. Ischemia-reperfusion 2 weeks after denervation caused more severe cholecystitis than ischemia-reperfusion alone. The most severe inflammation developed in animals that received both celiac neurotomy and truncal vagotomy. These results suggest that autonomic denervation alone does not induce acute cholecystitis, but that it plays an important role in the progression of the inflammatory process in ischemia-reperfusion injury.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1994

Melatonin signal transduction in the goldfish, Carassius auratus.

Generation and reception of melatonin signals in the goldfish, Carassius auratus, are reviewed. The photoreceptive pineal gland of the goldfish generates circulating melatonin rhythms according to a given photoperiod under light-dark cycles and in a circadian manner under continuous dark conditions. Melatonin is also produced in the retina in a similar fashion. Melatonin produced in the pineal gland and retina is considered to act as internal zeitgeber in the brain and retina, respectively, controlling various physiological events via specific melatonin binding sites that are coupled with G protein. The goldfish exhibit clear diurnal locomotor activity rhythms under light-dark cycles and free-running rhythms under constant conditions. However, the relationship between melatonin and locomotor activity rhythms in the goldfish remains unclear. Further studies should be required to demonstrate the roles of melatonin in the circadian system in this species.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Serum creatinine level in predicting the development of hypertension. Ten-year follow-up of Japanese adults in a rural community.

In a 10-year prospective study, we investigated the utility of the serum creatinine level in predicting the development of hypertension in Japanese adults, all of whom lived in a rural community. The study included 229 subjects, 91 men and 138 women aged 30 to 69 years, who were normotensive (systolic blood pressure 140 mm Hg or less and diastolic blood pressure 90 mm Hg or less) and had no prior history of antihypertensive treatment at baseline (1979 to 1980). Hypertension was defined as systolic blood pressure more than 140 mm Hg and diastolic blood pressure more than 90 mm Hg and starting antihypertensive medication. Stepwise proportional hazard analysis selected serum creatinine (P < .001) as an independent, significant predictor of hypertension together with systolic blood pressure (P < .001), age at entry (P < .001), body mass index (P = .008), and diastolic blood pressure (P = .011). The age- and sex-adjusted relative risk for subjects with a serum creatinine level of 1.2 mg/dL or higher compared with those with a level less than 1.1 mg/dL was 0.42 (95% confidence interval, 0.25 to 0.71). The mechanism of this association might relate to muscle mass and physical exercise or, possibly, to a primary renal abnormality. It appeared that the serum creatinine level may be useful in predicting future hypertension.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Potassium/energy and phosphorus/calcium ratios reflect the quality of nutrition.

A nutritional survey and questionnaire regarding dietary habits were administered to 649 men ranging in age from 35 to 64 years receiving a one-day health screening examination. First, comparisons of nutrient intake based on the nutrient rate of the Recommended Dietary Allowances for Japanese (RDA), and the total score on the questionnaire regarding dietary habits according to the RDA rates of total energy and calcium (Ca) were investigated. Then, the comparisons of intake of food groups, intake of nutrients and the total score on the questionnaire regarding dietary habits according to potassium/energy (K/E) ratio and phosphorus/calcium (P/Ca) ratio were determined. Last, differences between comparisons with the nutrient rates of RDA and comparisons with K/E ratio and P/Ca ratio were investigated. The following results were obtained: 1. Even in the group with RDA rates of total energy or Ca of > or = 90% and < or = 110% the RDA rates of some other nutrients were out-side the appropriate range. 2. In the group with high K/E ratios, as compared to the group with low ratios, the intake of potatoes, pulses, fruits, green/yellow vegetables, other vegetables, soy sauce, other beverages, fish/shellfish, and milk products showed high values, while cereals and fats/oils showed low values. For this reason, in the former group as compared to the latter, the intake and RDA total energy rate showed low values whereas the intake and RDA rates of nutrients such as Ca, Fe, and vitamin A were low. 3. In the group with high P/Ca ratios, as compared to the group with low ratios, the intake of beer and meats showed high values while that of pulses, green/yellow vegetables, and milk products showed low values. For this reason, in the former group as compared to the other groups, despite the fact that the intake and RDA total energy rate tended to be higher, the intake of nutrients such as Ca, P, K, and vitamin A showed lower values. 4. The RDA rates of all of the nutrients of group with a high K/E ratio and the group with a low P/Ca ratio generally showed largely appropriate values. 5. These results suggest that indices reflecting the balance of minerals such as the K/E and P/Ca ratios more objectively reflect the quality of nutrition than comparisons based on the RDA rates of total energy and specific-nutrient.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

[A study of thyroid hormone levels of inhabitants of the cadmium-polluted Kakehashi River basin].

We compared thyroid hormone levels of inhabitants (19 men and 16 women) of the cadmium (Cd)-polluted Kakehashi River basin in Ishikawa Prefecture, with those of subjects (23 men and 47 women) living in a non-polluted area. In addition, we investigated the relationships between the thyroid hormone levels and indices of renal dysfunction induced by Cd exposure. The following results were obtained: 1) The free T4 level of females was significantly lower than that of controls. 2) The T3 level of inhabitants of both sexes was significantly higher than that of controls. 3) The level of free T4 among females became lower with the increases of urinary beta 2-microglobulin (beta 2-MG), urinary protein, urinary sugar, urinary amino acids and serum creatinine (Cr) levels, and with decreases of creatinine-clearance (CCr) and %TRP. 4) We could not find any relationship between the increase of T3 and the indices of renal dysfunction induced by Cd exposure in either sex.

Cadmium↗
PubMed1994

Comparative study on mortality patterns in Japan and China.

On the basis of the 1990 Chinese death notice data and 1990 Japanese populations vital statistical materials, the mortality patterns and proportions of individual causes of death in the two countries were compared. In both sexes, the mortality rates were the highest in almost all age groups in Chinese rural areas followed by urban areas and Japan. In Japan and in Chinese urban areas, malignant neoplasms cardiovascular diseases and cerebrovascular diseases were the major causes of death, with these three making up about 60% of the total. In Chinese rural areas, these three conditions were responsible for 43% of all deaths, a considerably lower figure as compared to those in the other two areas, and the mortality rates for infectious diseases and accident/suicide were higher than those in the other two areas. Of the three major adult diseases, cerebrovascular diseases were found to be especially frequent in both Chinese urban and rural areas. On the other hand, ischemic heart disease was found at comparable levels in Japan and China and the rate was lower than in other developed countries. Site-specific mortality rates for malignant neoplasms were characterized by high rates for lung, liver and esophageal cancers in China. The mortality rates for bronchitis in both Chinese urban and rural areas were markedly higher than those in Japan These differences in mortality rates and proportions of individual causes of death between China and Japan are thought to be attributable to the differences in medical services and the level of risk factors for each disease.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

Polymyalgia rheumatica and thyroid papillary carcinoma.

This is a case report of a 64-year-old woman with polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR) and thyroid papillary carcinoma. Peripheral blood lymphocyte response to pokeweed mitogen, concanavalin A and phytohemagglutinin was increased compared to controls during aggravation of PMR. These responses were normalized to control values after low-dose corticosteroid therapy (prednisolone 10 mg; 7 days and 7.5 mg; 3 days) and PMR symptoms disappeared. The patient had undergone total neck thyroidectomy and metastatic neck lymph node dissection three and six years after the onset of PMR, respectively. Nine months after the removal of metastatic lymph nodes, she was free of symptoms of PMR and peripheral blood lymphocyte response to mitogens was within the control range. PMR appeared to be a component of the long-standing paraneoplastic syndrome, induced by the tumor which had impaired cell-mediated immunity.

Carcinoma, Papillary↗
PubMed1994

Serum gamma-glutamyl transferase level in predicting hypertension among male drinkers.

In a 10 year prospective study, we investigated the utility of the level of serum gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT), a biological marker of alcohol consumption, in predicting the development of hypertension in Japanese male drinkers, all of whom lived in a rural community. The study included 77 men, aged 30-69 years, who were normotensive (SBP < or = 140 mmHg and DBP < or = 90 mmHg) and who had no prior history of antihypertensive treatment at baseline (1979-80). Hypertension was defined as SBP of > 140 mmHg and/or DBP of > 90 mmHg and/or starting antihypertensive medication. The age-adjusted relative risk for subjects with a serum GGT level of 20 U/l or higher compared with those with a level of < 10 U/l was 4.18 (95% confidence interval, 1.59-11.01, P = 0.004). The relative risk remained significant after adjustment for baseline BP level and the amount of alcohol consumption. These results suggest that the serum GGT levels may predict the future development of hypertension among drinkers.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

[A case of advanced gastric cancer surviving 3 years and 6 months after resection of Krukenberg's tumor].

Total gastrectomy was performed in a patient with an advanced gastric cancer (stage III). One year and eleven months postoperatively, Krukenberg's tumor was recognized and the prognosis was considered to be poor. A recurrence of ascites was identified. After resection of tumor, CDDP was administered intraperitoneally, and 5-FU tablets were administered orally as a maintenance therapy for a long term. The patient has continued to be in a good condition without any sign of recurrence for three years and six months (ie, five years and five months after previous gastrectomy).

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1994

[Successful treatment of two patients with advanced gastric cancer by neoadjuvant chemotherapy with EAP regimen].

Two patients with unresectable gastric cancer accompanied with multiple liver metastases were treated with a 3-drug combination consisting of etoposide, adriamycin, and cisplatin (EAP) as neoadjuvant chemotherapy. After confirmation of maximal response to EAP, both patients received surgical resection of the primary tumor and infusion of cisplatin and 5-FU into hepatic artery, and they survived 15.0 and 15.8 months, respectively. These results indicate that neoadjuvant chemotherapy with EAP regimen is useful in the treatment of advanced gastric cancer.

Adenocarcinoma↗