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Biomedical subjects

M Tabata

Publications and source records attributed to M Tabata.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed2000

Effects of nasal continuous positive airway pressure on awake ventilatory responses to hypoxia and hypercapnia in patients with obstructive sleep apnea.

This study was aimed to examine the short- and long-term effects of nasal continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) on the chemosensitivity to hypoxia and hypercapnia in the patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Awake ventilatory responses to hypoxia and hypercapnia were examined in 28 patients (3 female) with moderate to severe OSA. All these tests were examined before and after 2 weeks of nasal CPAP. In 10 patients these tests were repeated after 3-6 months of nasal CPAP. All were also tested for spirometry and arterial blood gas analysis. Patients were middle-aged (48.9 +/- 9.9 years) and their mean apnea-hypopnea index was 58.3 +/- 20.4/hour. After 2 week of nasal CPAP, PaO2 significantly increased (77.7 +/- 11.8 vs. 84.6 +/- 9.8 mmHg) and PaCO2 significantly decreased (44.9 +/- 3.8 vs. 42.3 +/- 3.7 mmHg). The ventilatory response to hypoxia significantly decreased (0.80 +/- 0.51 vs. 0.61 +/- 0.51 liter/min/%) whereas the ventilatory response to hypercapnia significantly increased after 2 weeks (1.47 +/- 0.73 vs. 1.80 +/- 0.76 liter/min/mmHg). Similar findings were also observed after 3-6 months of nasal CPAP in 10 OSA patients. Nasal CPAP treatment can alter the ventilatory responses in patients with OSA.

Blood Gas Analysis↗
PubMed2000

[Successful treatment of a patient with recurrent ovarian clear cell adenocarcinoma under combination chemotherapy of 5-FU (civ) and low-dose CDDP (i.v.)].

Resistance to conventional chemotherapy including CDDP is the most important therapeutic problem in ovarian cancer. The combination chemotherapy of 5-FU (civ) and low-dose CDDP (i.v.) was applied to a patient with recurrent ovarian clear cell adenocarcinoma (stage IIa), which is often more resistant to systemic chemotherapy than other ovarian adenocarcinomas and is a poor prognostic factor. The patient underwent cytoreductive surgery. Then, 5-FU 375 mg/m2/day civ (days 1-5, 8-12, 15-19, 22-26) and CDDP 3.75 mg/m2/day i.v. (days 1-5, 8-12, 15-19, 22-26) were administered. After four courses of this treatment, there is no sign of recurrence. This result indicates that the combination of 5-FU and CDDP is useful in the treatment of recurrent ovarian cancers.

Adenocarcinoma, Clear Cell↗
PubMed2000

Dust exposure and lung cancer mortality in tunnel workers.

The eastern part of the Toyama Prefecture in Japan is one of the high-incidence areas of silicosis due to tunnel construction. In 1977 and 1978, we conducted a questionnaire survey primarily concerning the occupational history of all male inhabitants over 30 years of age living in five villages in this area and found 603 tunnel workers and inhabitants without dust history. These workers have been followed up to 1994 for about 17 to 18 years to clarify the relationship between tunnel work and lung cancer mortality. The SMR's of workers with dust exposure for all causes and for lung cancer was 120 and 188, respectively, which was significantly higher than those of the Japanese general population. After adjustment for age and smoking habits using Cox's proportional hazard model, tunnel work showed a significant relationship to mortality. Mortality risk ratio of tunnel workers was 2.15 compared with that of inhabitants without dust exposure history.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

[Anesthetic management of MICS with Port-Access system].

Port-Access system (P-A) is a catheter-based system for minimally invasive cardiac surgery (MICS) characterized by avoidance of full sternotomy with the aid of Endoaortic Clamp Catheter (EAC) for intra-aortic occlusion instead of the conventional external aortic crossclamping. In our hospital, eleven patients underwent MICS using P-A from August in 1998 to the present time. We compared the intra- and post-operative anesthetic management of these patients with that of fifteen patients done by using our conventional MICS method, Saitama Medical School system (SMS). Anesthetic management of these MICS patients is directed toward early extubation, and therefore all patients receive intravenous anesthesia with a small dose of fentanyl combined with inhalational agent or propofol. Without increasing the time of the cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) and the amount of the intraoperative bleeding, MICS with P-A needs more time to begin CPB than that with SMS because it takes more time to insert these catheters, especially EAC into the suitable position using transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) and fluoroscopy. The time to start CPB must be shortened by skilled cannulation. There is no difference in the postoperative length of ICU and hospital stays between P-A and SMS. In MICS, TEE is the window to the heart for both surgeon and anesthesiologist and used to guide for the placing of the catheters and weaning from CPB, and anesthesiologist should be skillful in using TEE to evaluate the de-airing procedure and assess volume load and contractility of the left ventricle.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Relationship between urinary cadmium and mortality among inhabitants living in a cadmium polluted area in Japan.

A 15 year follow-up study of 3119 inhabitants living in a cadmium polluted area was conducted to investigate the influence of environmental cadmium exposure on the mortality. The cumulative survival curves of the subjects with urinary cadmium concentration > or = 10 microg/g creatinine was lower than that of the subjects with < 10 microg/g creatinine in the men aged 50-59 and 60-69 years and in the women aged 60-69 and 70-79 years. In the men aged 50-69 years and the all aged women, the cumulative survival curves became lower in proportion to the increase of urinary cadmium concentration, when the subjects were divided into four groups according to the amount of urinary cadmium concentration (< 5, 5-9.9, 10.1-19.9, > or = 20 microg/g creatinine). These results suggested a dose response relationship between cadmium exposure and mortality.

Aged↗
PubMed1999

Antiangiogenic radioimmunotherapy of human solid tumors in SCID mice using (125)I-labeled anti-endoglin monoclonal antibodies.

Endoglin (CD105), which is a component of the TGF-beta receptor complex, is highly expressed at the surface of proliferating human endothelial cells such as those of tumor vessels. In the present study, we tested the antitumor efficacy of (125)I-labeled anti-endoglin monoclonal antibodies (MAbs), SN6f and SN6j, against s. c. tumors of MCF-7 human breast cancer cells in SCID mice by i.v. administration. SN6f and SN6j cross-react weakly with mouse endothelial cells, but show no significant reactivity with MCF-7 tumor cells. These MAbs are effectively internalized into the cells after binding to the cell surface antigen of endothelial cells. Four groups of SCID mice (n = 10 or 9 in each group) inoculated s.c. with 8 x 10(6) MCF-7 cells were treated with (125)I-SN6f (10 microCi), (125)I-SN6j (10 microCi), a (125)I-labeled isotype-matched control IgG (10 microCi) or PBS. The systemic therapy was performed in 2 series, i.e., on days 3, 5, 7 and days 58, 60, 62. Both (125)I-SN6f and (125)I-SN6j showed significant growth suppression of the tumors, whereas the (125)I-labeled control IgG did not show any significant antitumor efficacy. No significant toxicity or weight loss was observed in mice treated with either (125)I-SN6f or (125)I-SN6j. After 100 days of observation, autopsies revealed no significant organ damage. Our results show the possible usefulness of antiangiogenic radioimmunotherapy using (125)I-labeled anti-endoglin MAbs.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

Clinicopathological features and outcome of hepatic resection for intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma in Japan.

As a result of an increasing number of studies on the surgical treatment of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC), knowledge of its biological characteristics has been accumulating. We analyzed the clinicopathological features and outcome of 36 of 48 surgical patients with histologically proven ICC (75.0%) who underwent hepatic resection between March 1979 and July 1998. According to tumor location, 12 patients had the central type and 24, the peripheral type. The incidence of portal vein tumor thrombus and lymph node metastasis was higher in the central type than in the peripheral type. All 12 patients with the central type had stage IV disease, and none of them underwent complete resection, whereas 12 of the 24 patients with peripheral type tumors had stage IV disease; complete resection was achieved in 12 of the 24 patients with peripheral type tumors (50%). Outcome after resection was significantly poorer in the patients with the central type. The macroscopic type of lesion in the resected specimens was the mass-forming type in 15 patients (41.7%), the mass-forming + periductal-infiltrating type in 15 patients (41.7%), the periductal-infiltrating type in 3 patients (8.3%) and the intraductal growth type in 3 patients (8.3%). The macroscopic tumor type was associated with mode of tumor spread and outcome. All 3 patients with the intraductal growth type are alive without tumor recurrence 26-138 months after surgery. The survival rate was much higher in the patients with the mass-forming type than in those with the mass-forming + periductal-infiltrating type. Importantly, the outcome in the 17 patients who underwent resection for stage IV-B disease and who accounted for 47.2% of patients with resection in the present series was very poor, almost the same as that in the 12 patients who did not undergo resection. By selecting patients based on the biological characteristics of the tumor and taking into account patients' quality of life, complete surgical resection can be performed safely and is associated with long-term survival.

Aged↗
PubMed1999

Macronutrient self-selection through demand-feeders in rainbow trout.

The objective of this research was to test the ability of rainbow trout to feed on, and select from, three "pure" macronutrient diets formulated to contain only one macronutrient (protein, fat, and carbohydrate). The three diets were offered to fish in three different self-feeders, the fish having to choose from them in order to compose a nutritionally balanced diet. A total of 12 trout (115 g initial body weight) were held individually in 57 liter tanks at a constant 14 degrees C. The results demonstrated that the trout were capable of composing their own complete diet, with a higher preference for protein than fat and carbohydrate. Food intake was regulated to balance energy intake and maintain steady growth. Trout showed a strict diurnal feeding rhythm, which free run under constant light with an endogenous period ranging from 18.2 to 27.7 h. These results provide the first insight into macronutrient self-selection in trout and valuable information on their feeding preferences, which may be taken into consideration when investigating fish nutrition, feeding regulation, and the design of adequate diets.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

Microalbuminuria and hypertension in nondiabetic Japanese men.

To investigate the relationship between microalbuminuria and hypertension in nondiabetic subjects, we selected 245 Japanese men aged 35 to 69 years on the basis of the results of a 75 g oral glucose tolerance test. Prevalence of hypertension (blood pressure levels > or =140/90 mm Hg or treatment of hypertension) in microalbuminuria-positive (0.03 to 0.3 g/d) subjects was significantly higher than that in microalbuminuria-negative (<0.03 g/day) subjects. Also, the significant increase of levels of triglycerides, serum uric acid, and area of plasma insulin were recognized in microalbuminuria-positive subjects. Urinary albumin was significantly related to both systolic and diastolic blood pressure in a manner independent of these relevant factors, including area of insulin. With regard to renal functions, creatinine clearance of microalbuminuria positive subjects was significantly increased and fractional excretion of sodium of microalbuminuria-positive subjects was significantly decreased as compared with those of microalbuminuria-negative subjects. In normotensive subjects, serum uric acid, which is known to be related to sodium handling at renal tubules of microalbuminuria-positive subjects, was significantly higher than those of microalbuminuria negative subjects as well as triglycerides and area of insulin, without the differences of the levels of blood pressure and BMI. Therefore, it is suspected that microalbuminuria is a renal facet of insulin resistance, and a predictor value of hypertension.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Fractionated administration of irinotecan and cisplatin for treatment of lung cancer: a phase I study.

A combination chemotherapy of irinotecan (CPT-11) and cisplatin (CDDP) has been reported to be active for lung cancer. In the previous trial, however, diarrhoea and leucopenia became the major obstacle for sufficient dose escalation of CPT-11 to improve the treatment outcome. We conducted a phase I study to investigate whether the fractionated administration of CDDP and CPT-11 at escalated dose was feasible and could improve the treatment outcome. Twenty-four previously untreated patients with unresectable non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) or extensive disease of small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) were eligible. Both CDDP and CPT-11 were given on days 1 and 8, and repeated every 4 weeks. The dose of CDDP was fixed at 60 mg m(-2) and given by 1-h infusion before CPT-11 administration. The starting dose of CPT-11 was 40 mg m(-2), and the dose was escalated by an increase of 10 mg m(-2). The maximally tolerated dose of CPT-11 was determined as 60 mg m(-2) because grade 4 haematological or grade 3 or 4 non-haematological toxicities developed in six patients out of 11 patients evaluated. Diarrhoea became a dose-limiting toxicity. The objective response rates were 76% for NSCLC and 100% for SCLC. The recommended dose of CPT-11 and CDDP in a phase II study will be 50 mg m(-2) and 60 mg m(-2) respectively.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Angiosarcoma of the tongue: report of a case with immunohistochemical findings.

A case report of angiosarcoma of the tongue is presented. The specimen revealed single and clustered large, pleomorphic, and spindle-shaped cells with a markedly hemorrhagic background. Tumor cells showed expression of thrombomodulin and E-selectin, but no expression of Factor VIII-related antigen, Ulex europaeus agglutinin-1, vascular endothelial growth factor, and CD34. In the current study, immunohistochemical results using antibodies against thrombomodulin and E-selection supported the diagnosis of angiosarcoma.

Aged↗
PubMed1999

Effect of age and weaning on gastric mucosal injury in developing rats.

We evaluated ethanol- and HCl-induced mucosal damages in developing rats. The degree of damage induced by ethanol and HCl was greatest in 1-week-old rats and decreased significantly with age until 4 weeks; thereafter it increased again. To evaluate the effect of weaning on the maturational changes in mucosal defense, we compared ethanol-induced mucosal damage among three groups of newborn rats: (1) receiving milk only; (2) receiving only rat chow from 14 days of age, and (3) having free access to milk and chow. There were no significant differences at 18 and 21 days of age. The mucus thickness increased with age until 8 weeks and was not affected by weaning. In conclusion, developmental changes occur in gastric mucosal protection in rats. Weaning does not have a significant effect on these changes.

Aging↗
PubMed1999

Modified standard pancreaticoduodenectomy for the treatment of pancreatic head cancer.

Since 1980 extended surgery has been used to treat pancreatic cancer in many institutions in Japan in the hope of achieving curative resection and a good outcome. The resection rate increased, but the final outcome was unsatisfactory, and the question of postoperative quality of life (QOL) following extended surgery has instead become the central issue. During the past 22 years (October 1976 to June 1998) 169 of the 188 patients with invasive pancreatic ductal carcinoma at Mie University Hospital were treated surgically. A standard operation was performed in the early period (October 1976 to April 1981, n = 34), an extended operation was performed in the middle period (May 1981 to March 1993, n = 100), and a modified standard operation was performed in the late period (April 1993 to June 1998, n = 35). 'Standard operation' means pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) with D1 lymph node dissection (regional), and 'extended operation' means PD with D2-D3 lymph node dissection. Our 'modified standard operation' consists of PD with lymph node dissection limited to the anterior pancreaticoduodenal (APD), posterior pancreaticoduodenal (PPD), pyloric (PY), hepatoduodenal ligament (HDL), common hepatic artery (CH) and right half of the superior mesenteric (SM) nodes. Thus, the extent of lymph node dissection in the modified standard procedure lies between the level in the standard and extended procedure, but the PD is the same, with only slight modification in the reconstruction procedure. We consider the standard operation to be a less curative procedure and the extended operation to be a very stressful procedure and accordingly we have modified it (modified standard operation) in our recent cases out of consideration for patients' QOL. We found that postoperative QOL and survival were much better in the late period than in the early and middle periods.

Humans↗
PubMed1999

Nocturnal blood pressure during apnoeic and ventilatory periods in patients with obstructive sleep apnoea.

The exact nature of asleep blood pressure in relation to awake blood pressure is still unclear in patients with obstructive sleep apnoea. This study aimed: 1) to investigate the asleep blood pressure in both apnoeic and ventilatory periods; 2) to determine the diurnal and nocturnal factors correlated with the changes in blood pressure from apnoea to ventilatory periods during sleep. Thirty-two patients, newly diagnosed as moderate to severe obstructive sleep apnoea with a standard nocturnal polysomnography, were enrolled. The blood pressure was monitored by using the noninvasive continuous monitoring method during polysomnographic study. The mean blood pressures in ventilatory periods during nonrapid eye movement (NREM) and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep were 117.5+/-17.9 mm Hg and 128.8+/-21.9 mm Hg, and those in apnoea periods were 94.5+/-15.4 mm Hg and 102.7+/-19.0 mm Hg. The average blood pressure during NREM sleep (103.0+/-16.1 mm Hg) was higher than the awake blood pressure (97.0+/-15.7 mm Hg). The blood pressure during REM sleep was greater than that during NREM sleep. The changes in the nocturnal blood pressure from apnoea to ventilatory periods were inversely correlated with the age and nocturnal mean nadir saturation. In conclusion, patients with obstructive sleep apnoea have higher asleep blood pressure than awake blood pressure.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Analysis of gastrointestinal sounds in infants with pyloric stenosis before and after pyloromyotomy.

BACKGROUND: Although recent advances in computer technology enable us to analyze gastrointestinal sounds data objectively with ease, this clinical application has been investigated in only a few disorders. To investigate one potential role of this approach in pediatric practice, we recorded and analyzed gastrointestinal sounds in infants with hypertrophic pyloric stenosis (HPS), a motility-related disorder that is common in children. METHODS: In 15 infants with pyloric stenosis, gastrointestinal sounds were collected with a microphone placed 3 cm below the umbilicus for 60 minutes before pyloromyotomy and at 9 to 12 hours, 20 to 24 hours, 40 to 48 hours, and 112 to 120 hours after the operation. Data were entered into a computer to sum the amplitude of sound signals as a sound index (SI; mV per minute). In 12 infants, gastric emptying was measured immediately before each sound recording, using a marker dilution-double sampling method. RESULTS: Before surgery, the mean SI was 4.6 +/- 1.0 mV per minute, significantly less than in healthy controls (31.7 +/- 8.4 mV per minute). The SI remained in a similar range until 12 hours after operation, after which it began increasing to reach the normal range by 48 hours after operation (30. 0 +/- 9.4 mV per minute). Gastric emptying, also low in HPS before pyloromyotomy, increased by 4 to 5 times after surgery. There was a significant positive correlation between SI and gastric emptying. The incidence of postoperative symptoms (such as vomiting) were correlated significantly with SI at 24 hours after surgery. CONCLUSION: This study found decreased gastrointestinal sounds to be among physical findings suggestive of HPS and a useful indicator of gastric emptying and bowel motility after pyloromyotomy. Computer-assisted analysis of gastrointestinal sounds might be helpful in clinical practice for pediatric patients with some gastrointestinal disorders.

Analysis of Variance↗