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Biomedical subjects

M T Shaw

Publications and source records attributed to M T Shaw.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1977

Lack of prognostic value of the periodic acid-Schiff reaction and blast cell size in childhood acute lymphocytic leukemia.

Conflicting evidence has been published as to the prognostic significance of the periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) reaction and cell size in acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL). Therefore, a large collaborative study was undertaken to evaluate the prognostic significance of the PAS reaction and cell size of bone marrow lymphoblasts obtained at the time of diagnosis in children with ALL. Known prognostic factors (age and white blood cell [WBC] counts) were also evaluated. Data from 80 newly diagnosed cases of ALL were analyzed. These patients were treated with similar therapy by members of the Pediatric Division of the Southwest Oncology Group. The PAS reaction was scored. Microlymphoblasts were defined as having a diameter of less than or equal to 12 micron; macrolymphoblasts, greater than 12 micron. Patients 10 years and older at the time of diagnosis had a significantly shorter duration of first remission and survival than those younger than 10 years. Those with pretreatment peripheral WBCs of less than or equal to 25,000/microliter had significantly longer duration of first remission and survival than those with a peripheral WBC greater than 25,000/microliter. There was no significant difference in duration of first remission or survival in patients having predominantly macrolymphoblastic or microlymphoblastic marrows. PAS reaction was of no value in predicting the duration of first remission or survival.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

Adriamycin in combination chemotherapy of adult acute lymphoblastic leukemia: a Southwest Oncology Group study.

Eighteen (72%) of 25 evaluable and previously untreated patients with adult acute lymphoblastic leukemia entered complete remission (CR) following induction therapy with adriamycin, vincristine, and prednisone in a Southwest Oncology Group study. Remission maintenance therapy with methotrexate and 6-mercaptopurine resulted in a median duration of CR of 10.2 months. The addition of Adriamycin to prednisone and vincristine may be beneficial in slow responders or nonresponders to these two drugs and in patients with initially high peripheral blood blast counts.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

Adrenalectomy and oophorectomy plus limited-term chemotherapy in the treatment of breast cancer.

A prospective study employing adrenalectomy and oophorectomy followed by limited-term combination chemotherapy was used in the treatment of 39 patients with advanced breast cancer. Chemotherapy was abruptly stopped at 8 weeks in order to take advantage of rebound immunocompetence. Delayed hypersensitivity was tested by dinitrochlorobenzene skin tests and responses to phytohemagglutinin. There were 22 CRs among 33 patients who entered remission. Eleven patients had a PR with greater than 50% reduction of tumor. Thirteen of 20 patients with visceral disease had a CR. There was a close association between response and competence of the cell-mediated immune system. The median duration of unmaintained remission in those patients with a CR was greater than 16 months. Four of the six failures had had recent radiation therapy to the chest wall which may have influenced immunocompetence. Responses to chemotherapy appear to be additive to endocrine ablation. Rebound of immunocompetence after chemotherapeutic immunosuppression may be related to remission induction and maintenance.

Adrenalectomy↗
PubMed1976

The cytochemistry of acute leukemia: a diagnostic and prognostic evaluation.

A combination of cytomorphological features and cytochemical staining reactions in the diagnoses of the different types of acute leukemia removes much of the subjective difficulty of diagnosis. The number of cytochemical stains used may be limited, and in our experience the PAS, combined NCE and ANE reactions, and either SB or Px staining will yield as much diagnostic information as needed in most cases. With regard to the prognostic implications, it would appear at the present time that the amount of ANE staining in the cytoplasm of blasts is inversely proportional to the chances of remission induction and length of survival in cases of acute leukemia. However, further studies must be carried out to verify this finding before using the information to compliment other prognostic variables, such as age of patient, previous therapy, cytokinetics, etc.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1975

Therapeutic regimens in advanced breast cancer.

A retrospective study of the methods of treatment in 98 patients with advanced breast cancer over the past five years showed striking differences in remission rates, duration of remissions, and overall survival according to the method of treatment. Adrenalectomy and oophorectomy produced remissions in 58% of patients, with a median duration of 22 months. Survival curves were impressive and favored the surgically ablated group, who had a median survival of 32 months. Sixty-seven percent of responders continue to survive at four years. Chemotherapy with single agents produced remissions in 30% of patients, having a median duration of nine months. Additive endocrine therapy produced 33% to 36% remission rates, with median durations of 12 to 16 months. Responses were more frequent and longer lasting in older patients. Radiotherapy, when used without supplemental therapy, resulted in good local control, but a short median survival of 7.5 months.

Adrenalectomy↗
PubMed1975

Heterogeneity of morphological, cytochemical, and cytogenetic features in the blastic phase of chronic granulocytic leukemia.

Possible predictive criteria of the refractoriness to therapy of the blastic phase of Ph-1-positive chronic granulocytic leukemia (CGL) have been sought. Eight cases in the blastic phase were studied. The blasts were noted to be of two types: some displayed a high nuclear:cytoplasmic ratio with deep blue cytoplasm, while others had a comparatively low nuclear:cytoplasmic ratio and bluish gray cytoplasm containing a few small granules. Electron microscopic studies showed a variety of features, including defective organelles and giant mitochondria. Cytochemical staining revealed the majority of blast cells to be peroxidase- and Sudan black-negative; granular PAS positivity was the rule. Serial cytogenetic studies demonstrated increasing aneuploidy. Bone marrow biopsy showed myelofibrotic changes in two cases. Two patients entered complete remission with prednisone and vincristine and with Ara-C and thioguanine, respectively. It is concluded that the blastic phase of CGL may manifest heterogeneity.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1975

"Pure" monocytic or histiomonocytic leukemia: a revised concept.

In a series of 130 cases of acute leukemia studied by cytochemical staining techniques, 10 cases cytochemically diagnosed as "pure" monocytic leukemia were seen. Cytochemical staining of bone marrow aspirates from these patients revealed all leukemic cells to be Sudan black negative. No positive reactions were observed for peroxidase or naphthol AS-D chloroacetate esterase. All cases demonstrated strong alpha-naphthyl acetate esterase positivity; and fluoride-inhibited naphthol AS-D acetate esterase positivity was observed in 8 of 9 cases tested. The P.A.S. reaction showed diffuse fine to coarse granules. Oil red O stain was positive in 8 of 9 cases, and the beta-glucuronidase activity was strong in 5 of 9 cases. Light microscopy revealed cells with monocytic or histiocytic morphology. Electron microscopic studies in 2 cases demonstrated features consistent with leukemic monocytic or histiocytic morphology; none was suggestive of granulocytic or lymphocytic leukemia. Five of 6 patients treated with drug regimens including prednisone and vincristine entered a complete remission; the other obtained a partial remission. Two patients achieved complete remission after treatment with Adriamycin, 1 following a relapse. Three patients who received cytosine arabinoside as their only therapy died soon after treatment was commenced. It is suggested that the cytochemical similarity but morphological differences in those patients may be objectively used to group them as cases of histiomonocytic leukemia.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1975

The role of cytosine arabinoside maintenance in acute nonlymphoblastic leukemia.

A series of 30 unselected patients with acute nonlymphoblastic leukemia (ANLL) was treated with combination chemotherapy, including three courses of cytosine arabinoside (Ara-C) by 5-day continuous i.v. infusion, vincristine i.v. weekly, and prednisone daily to complete remission. Ara-C was administered alone as a 5-day continuous i.v. infusion monthly for maintenance. Ten (33%) achieved a complete remission (CR). The remaining 30 (67%), including temporary partial remissions, hematologic improvements, inadequate trials, and early deaths, were all considered failures. The CR rate was 57% in those 17 cases receiving an adequate trial. After After 5 1/2 years' followup, the overall median survival, including cases failing to achieve CR, was 3.1 months. For those having adequate trials the median survival was 16.6 months, and for those achieving a CR, 36.6 months. Two patients are still alive, one at 55.2 months on maintenance therapy, and the other at 62.8 months, currently unmaintained.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1975

Acute lymphocytic leukemia with atypical cytochemical features.

In a series of 78 cases of acute lymphocytic leukemia, seven were found to demonstrate blast cells staining strongly for both the periodic acid-Schiff reaction and alpha-naphthyl acetate esterase. It is suggested that these features may represent a subclassification of acute lymphocytic leukemia or may be a marker for the leukemic phase of lymphoma.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1975

Autoimmune thrombocytopenia and peripheral neuropathy heralding Hodgkin's disease.

A patient with an autoimmune thrombocytopenic syndrome was treated unsuccessfully with splenectomy. Treatment with corticosteroids and 6-mercaptopurine was partially successful, but the patient developed peripheral neuropathy and over signs of Hodgkin's disease. The latter reponded completely to radiation therapy, but the thrombocytopenia was not reversed until combination chemotherapy was given. The association of thrombocytopenia with Hodgkin's disease is reviewed.

Aged↗
PubMed1975

Cytochemical differences in leucocytes of normal adult males and females.

Peripheral blood samples were drawn from 50 patients (25 males and 25 females) with no apparent haematologic disorders. Smears were stained for Periodic Acid-Schiff and beta-glucuronidase reactions. Diffuse to moderate activity was observed in leucocytes for both stains. There was a significant difference in males and females in positive reactions in monocytes stained for beta-glucuronidase and in lymphocytes and granulocytes stained for PAS.

Adult↗