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Biomedical subjects

M T Miller

Publications and source records attributed to M T Miller.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

Computed tomography scanning in the evaluation of ocular motility disorders.

Ocular muscle disturbances (strabismus) are common disorders affecting two to four per cent of the population. Until recently, CT and MRI have not been used extensively in the diagnosis of congenital and acquired conditions causing strabismus. In this article the value of these scanning techniques in terms of more appropriate therapeutic intervention and further insight into the pathophysiology of these conditions is detailed.

Eye Diseases↗
PubMed1987

Dynamic computed tomography and its application to ophthalmology.

In this review of 31 patients, dynamic CT is discussed as a valuable tool in the study of the dynamics of blood flow in patients with unexplained visual problems that may be related to ischemic optic neuropathy. Dynamic CT scans are obtained by rapid-sequence CT imaging during and following a rapid bolus injection of intravenous contrast medium. It demonstrates the initial passage of contrast material through the area of interest, thus giving a true picture of the degree of vascularity and the dynamics of blood flow.

Diagnosis, Differential↗
PubMed1986

Galactokinase activity in patients with idiopathic cataracts.

Ninety-four consecutive patients admitted for elective cataract surgery were prospectively examined for erythrocyte galactokinase activity. The presumed etiology for the cataract was established by history and physical examination in 51 patients (21 were diabetic). The cataract was classified as idiopathic in 43 patients. Galactokinase activity was significantly lower in idiopathic vs. presumed (nondiabetic) etiology patients 50 years of age or younger (P less than 0.05) and in idiopathic cataract patients 50 years of age or younger vs. those older than 51 years of age (P = 0.0033). Three of the idiopathic cataract patients (6.9%) had galactokinase levels less than two standard deviations below the mean galactokinase level for age-matched patients with suspected (nondiabetic) etiology. Compared with the expected distribution for the heterozygote in the general population (0.2%), this was highly significant (P = 0.0001). Diminished galactokinase activity may increase the risk of developing presenile cataracts requiring surgery by the fourth decade.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Mismatched blood transfusion. A case report.

Blood transfusion reactions due to mismatching are fortunately very rare. A case of a patient being given incompatible blood to correct postoperative anaemia is reported and the management discussed.

ABO Blood-Group System↗
PubMed1985

Beta-blocker toxicity--the role of glucagon. Report of 2 cases.

We describe 2 cases of acute overdosage with beta-adrenergic receptor blocking agents. Both patients presented with profound bradycardia and cardiogenic shock. The effectiveness of intravenous glucagon administration is demonstrated in the first case. We suggest that glucagon should be used more readily in cases of circulatory failure due to beta-blocker poisoning than has hitherto been the case.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

The Guillain-Barré syndrome. A review of admissions to an intensive care unit over 8 years.

Forty-four patients with a diagnosis of Guillain-Barré syndrome were admitted to the Intensive Care Unit at Baragwanath Hospital, Johannesburg, between January 1975 and December 1982. Of these patients 7 were found to have other diseases with similar features, and they were excluded from the study, leaving 37 patients; 2 patients were admitted twice. An unexpected finding was that 21 patients (56,8%) were less than 10 years of age. Respiratory failure was present on admission in 15 cases (38,5% of the 39 admissions). Treatment was mostly supportive in nature and included assisted ventilation. Most morbidity involved the respiratory system. The high mortality (8 patients (21,6%) died) was probably due to the severe nature of the disease in these cases.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Computed tomography in the evaluation of Brown syndrome of the superior oblique tendon sheath.

Computed tomographic (CT) findings in 4 patients with superior oblique tendon sheath syndrome (congenital or acquired Brown syndrome) are described. When the inferior oblique muscle moves the eye upward, the superior oblique muscle normally relaxes, while its tendon lengthens and slides freely through the trochlea. In Brown syndrome this process is somehow restricted, which is most apparent during attempts at elevation when the eye is adducted, resulting in an apparent inferior oblique "palsy" (pseudopalsy). Brown syndrome is the most common cause of an apparent isolated limitation of the inferior oblique muscle. CT is a valuable tool in understanding the pathophysiology and management of acquired Brown syndrome, showing thickening and inflammatory changes of the reflected portion of the superior oblique tendon.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Association of Duane retraction syndrome with craniofacial malformations.

Specific forms of ocular motor disturbances, such as Duane syndrome, occur with sufficient frequency in certain syndromes that the timing, location, and nature of the developmental disturbance may be established. The presence of this characteristic type of strabismus in a number of cases of hemifacial microsomia, especially the Goldenhar variants, may provide insight into the developmental disturbances of this large, complex group of patients. Evaluation of specific abnormalities of affected patients from the perspective of one discipline may further aid in the "lumping" or "splitting" process.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Complete recovery after profound acidosis (pH 6.49).

We describe an infant with profound acidosis caused by chronic therapeutic salicylate poisoning. The confirmed arterial blood pH of 6.49 must be close to the limit of tolerable acidity and is the lowest such value in our experience. Full recovery was made.

Acidosis↗
PubMed1983

Consecutive exotropia following surgery.

We studied 250 patients with consecutive exotropia. The interval between the surgical procedure and the onset of the consecutive exotropia may take many years. Consecutive exotropia occurred with all types of corrective esotropia surgery that we studied. Amblyopia and medial rectus limitation postoperatively seemed to be common factors associated with consecutive exotropia.

Amblyopia↗
PubMed1982

Myocardial infarction in an intensive care unit for blacks. A review over 6 years.

Ischaemic heart disease seems to be on the increase in South African Blacks, and medical staff should be more conscious of this. Fifty-four Black patients with acute myocardial infarction are presented and their complications and management while in an intensive care unit reviewed. Epidemiological aspects of ischaemic heart disease in South Africa are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

A comparison between meptazinol and omnopon in the relief of postoperative pain.

In a random double-blind trial, meptazinol 100 mg, a new hexahydro-azepine derivative, was found to be comparable to Omnopon (papaveretum) 20 mg when given intramuscularly for the control of pain in 50 cases after hysterectomy. The onset of analgesia was rapid and the effect lasted for about 3 hours. Cardiovascular and respiratory systems remained stable. No significant difference as regards sedation and nausea was noticed between the two groups.

Adult↗