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Biomedical subjects

M Szmitkowski

Publications and source records attributed to M Szmitkowski.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1999

[Stem cell factor (SCF) in diagnosis and monitoring of non-small-cell lung cancer].

Lung cancer, of which non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) constitutes about 80%, is the greatest cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Serum tumour markers may be helpful in early diagnosis, in the initial assessment of the progress of the disease and in monitoring of the tumour growth or tumour volume reduction. Recent studies have focused on a new family of markers--hematopoietic growth factors. Some clinical investigations have shown autologous production of stem cell factor (SCF) in various human cell lines derived from lung cancer and the expression of SCF mRNA in these lines. In this study, the serum level of SCF was measured using a sensitive sandwich ELISA system in 34 patients with non-small-cell lung cancer before and 10, 30, 90, 180 and 270 days after operation. Additionally common accepted tumour markers such as CEA and CYFRA 21.1 were also assayed. Preoperative level of SCF was increased in cancer patients in comparison to the normal sera. Concentrations of SCF and CYFRA 21.1 were decreased on 10th day, but CEA on 30th day after surgical treatment, although upon comparison of pre- and postoperative tumour markers serum levels significant difference was observed for SCF and CYFRA 21.1 (p < 0.05). Levels of SCF were increased in 79%, CEA in 62% and CYFRA 21.1 in 51%. The diagnostic sensitivity of SCF were related to the stage of the disease and the combined use of two markers increased the sensitivity compared with the use of only one. These results suggest that SCF may be useful in the diagnostic and monitoring of patients with NSCLC.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

[Metabolism of ethyl alcohol in the human body].

More than 90% of ingested ethanol is metabolized in the body to acetaldehyde and acetate. Ethanol is metabolized in the liver via three distinct enzymatic pathways: alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH), the microsomal ethanol oxidizing system (MEOS) and catalase. It is generally accepted that alcohol dehydrogenase is the predominant pathway for hepatic ethanol oxidation. Acetaldehyde is metabolized to acetate by a group of dehydrogenase enzymes called aldehyde dehydrogenase.

Alcohol Dehydrogenase↗
PubMed1999

[Interleukin 3 (IL-3) in diagnosis and monitoring of non-small-cell lung cancer].

Several circulating tumour markers for non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) have been identified. Recent studies have focused on a new family of markers--hematopoietic growth factors. Some clinical investigations have shown cell surface receptors for interleukin 3 (IL-3) in lung cancer cells and autologous production of IL-3 in various human cell lines derived from NSCLC. The purpose of this investigation was to compare serum levels of IL-3 in non-small-cell lung cancer with a control group, to assess pre- and post treatment levels of IL-3 in relation to levels of commonly accepted tumour markers such as carcino-embryonic antigen (CEA) and cytokeratin fragment 19 (CYFRA 21-1), and to define the diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of IL-3 in NSCLC. In this study, the serum level of tumour markers was measured in 34 patients with NSCLC and in 20 healthy subjects. Serum samples were drawn before surgery and 10, 30, 90, 180 and 270 days after surgery. IL-3 and CEA were assayed using ELISA system and CYFRA 21-1 was measured by radioimmunoassay (RIA). Preoperative level of IL-3 was significantly increased in cancer patients relative to the control group. Concentrations of tumour markers were decreased after surgery and then increased (IL-3 and CEA) during chemio- or radiotherapy. The diagnostic sensitivity of IL-3 was 44% and the diagnostic specificity--85%. This investigation is one of the first studies assessing serum levels of IL-3 in the cancer patients. These results suggest that IL-3 may be useful in diagnostics of NSCLC, but this subject needs further studies.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

[Phagocytosis and oxidative metabolism of granulocytes in mice after stem cell factor (SCF) injection].

Stem Cell Factor (SCF) can stimulate the growth and development of primitive multipotential and unipotential hematopoietic stem cells, either alone or in combination with other cytokines such as Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony Stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and Granulocyte-CSF (G-CSF). It was found that these cytokines can also stimulate the function of granulocytes but there is no information concerning SCF influence on the function of these mature cells. SCF was injected into mice subcutaneously during 5 consecutive days in a dose of 1 microgram/kg/d. An examination of the percentage of phagocytic granulocytes and NBT test was performed. The activity of acid phosphatase (AcP), alkaline phosphatase (AP), peroxidase (MPO) and esterase were determined by cytochemistry methods. On the basis of obtained results we can conclude that SCF evidently increases all tested parameters connected with the metabolism of phagocytosis.

Acid Phosphatase↗
PubMed1998

Serum activities of classes I and II alcohol dehydrogenases in toxic liver damage.

The activities of classes I and II alcohol dehydrogenase isoenzymes were determined in the sera of patients with toxic hepatitis using class-specific fluorogenic substrates. The activities of total alcohol dehydrogenase and enzymes indicative of liver damage were also measured. We found a statistically significant increase of class I alcohol dehydrogenase isoenzymes. The increase in class I (two-fold) was similar to the increase of alkaline phosphatase. In a correlated study, we observed a good correlation of the activity of class II isoenzymes with alanine aminotransferase. The total alcohol dehydrogenase activity was enhanced and correlated with lactate dehydrogenase. These results demonstrated that the alcohol dehydrogenase and class I isoenzymes are indicatory enzymes of liver cell damage, and may be diagnostically useful in toxic hepatitis.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

[Phagocytosis and killing of Staphylococcus aureus by mouse granulocytes after interleukin-3 (IL-3) injection].

Interleukin-3 is a multipotential hematopoietic growth factor, which like other colony stimulating factors (CSFs) is effective "in vitro" stimulation of the mature cells function. It was found that IL-3 synergistically with GM-CSF and G-CSF stimulated the proliferation of the granulocytes. Therefore the purpose of this investigation was the evaluation "in vivo" of the influence of IL-3 on the phagocytosis, bactericidal activity, and enzyme activities of granulocytes. IL-3 was injected into mice subcutaneously during 5 days in dose 1 microgram/kg/d. The examination of the percent of cells phagocytizing bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus), NBT test and bactericidal activity, were performed every day and evident increase of the tested parameters was found. Additionally the enzyme activities in primary granules were measured and showed on increase of acid phosphatase and peroxidase activity.

Acid Phosphatase↗
PubMed1998

[Phagocytosis and killing of Staphylococcus aureus by granulocytes in mice after granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) injection].

GM-CSF is a hematopoietic growth factor. In vitro it stimulates the proliferation of myeloid progenitors and formation of granulocyte and macrophage colonies. It was found that GM-CSF in vitro is also stimulated the function of mature granulocytes, but we have no information about such influence in vivo. The purpose of this investigation was the evaluation in vivo of the GM-CSF effect on phagocytosis, bactericidal activity, and lysosome enzyme activities in granulocytes. GM-CSF was injected into mice subcutaneously during 5 consecutive days in the dose of 1 microgram/kg/d. The examination of the percent of cell phagocytizing bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus), NBT test, bactericidal activity and activation of acid phosphatase, alkaline phosphatase, peroxidase and esterase was performed every day and an evident increase of the tested parameters was found. These results prove in vivo activation of granulocytes by GM-CSF.

Acid Phosphatase↗
PubMed1998

[Genetic evaluation of tolerance to alcohol].

Alcohol sensitivity which is genetically controlled changes the risk of alcoholic diseases development in such individuals. There are differences in the allelic frequencies of the ALDH2, ADH2 and ADH3 loci, between alcoholics and nonalcoholics. It was shown that the atypical ALDH2/2 is an alcohol-rejecting gene and the usual ALDH1/2 gene is a major "alcoholic" gene. The kinetic differences of ADH2 isozymes may also affect drinking behavior. In conclusion, genetic polymorphism of the ALDH and ADH genes influence the risk of alcoholism development. It may be possible to control alcoholism by suppression of "alcoholic" genes expression through genomic intervention.

Alcohol Dehydrogenase↗
PubMed1998

[Granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) in diagnosis and monitoring of non-small cell lung cancer].

Serum tumor markers may be helpful in early diagnosis of cancer, in the initial assessment of the extent of the disease, and in monitoring the tumor growth or tumor volume reduction once cancer has been diagnosed and treatment started. Recent studies have focused on a new family of markers -hematopoietic growth factors, especially on granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF). A number of investigations have shown autologous production of GM-CSF in various human cell lines derived from melanoma, gastric or ovarian cancer, and in certain tumors of nonhematopoietic origin. In this study serum level of GM-CSF was measured using a sensitive sandwich ELISA system in 34 patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) before and 10, 30, 90, 180 and 270 days after surgical operation. Additionally common accepted tumor markers such as CEA and CYFRA 21.1 were also assayed. Preoperative level of GM-CSF was significantly increased in cancer patients relative to the normal sera (p < 0.02). Concentration of GM-CSF and CYFRA 21.1 were decreased on 10th day, but CEA on 30th day after surgical treatment, although upon comparison of pre- and postoperative tumor markers serum levels significant difference was observed for CYFRA 21.1 (p < 0.05). Levels of GM-CSF were increased in 85%, CEA in 62% and CYFRA 21.1 in 51%. The diagnostic sensitivity and serum levels of GM-CSF were related to the stage of the disease and the combined use of two markers increased the sensitivity compared with the use of only one. These results suggest that GM-CSF, especially in the combination with CYFRA 21.1., may be useful in the diagnostic and monitoring of patients with NSCLC.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

[Acid-base balance in hypotrophic neonates in the first hours of life].

Our purpose was to present parameters of acid-base status at 30, 90 and 150 minutes after delivery in cases of hypotrophic infants. Significantly lowered values of pH, HCO3 and BE were found as compared to results of normal term infants. Parameters are consistent with metabolic acidosis. Such conditions require appropriate treatment.

Acid-Base Equilibrium↗
PubMed1998

The activity of enzymes oxidizing alcohols in the liver of rats after methanol intoxication measured with fluorogenic substrates.

The activities of alcohol dehydrogenase isoenzymes (class ADH I and ADH II) and aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) were measured using fluorogenic substrates in the liver of rats. Animals were dosed with 6 g of methanol/kg b.w. after 6, 12, 24 hours and 2, 5 and 7 days. Liver ADH I and ADH II activities were gradually increased after 6 h and up to 7 days after intoxication. ALDH activity in the liver had the highest elevation at 6 h, and then it decreased but was higher than the control value. It is concluded that subacute administration of methanol to rats leads to induction of hepatic enzymes involved in alcohols metabolism and that tested fluorogenic substrates are useful for these measurements.

Alcohol Dehydrogenase↗
PubMed1997

Activity of class I and II isoenzymes of alcohol dehydrogenase measured by a fluorometric method in the sera of patients with obstructive jaundice.

Using new fluorogenic substrates, we measured the activity of class I and II alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) isoenzymes in the sera of patients with obstructive jaundice. The activity of class I isoenzymes was elevated two-fold, whereas that of class II isoenzymes was unchanged. This increase of class I isoenzymes explains low increase of total serum ADH activity. ADH isoenzymes and total enzyme activities correlated better with aminotransferases, than with alkaline phosphatase and gamma-glutamyltransferase, but we can conclude that class I ADH isoenzymes measured with fluorogenic substrates are indicative of obstructive jaundice.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

[Diagnosis usefulness of beta-2 microglobulin in clinical practice].

The laboratory diagnostics is mostly based on proteins determination and this tendency has been developed lately. It especially concerns the determination of the low molecular weight proteins. One of them became beta 2-microglobulin (beta 2-M), whose role in the organism and diagnostics is presently investigated. In this paper, the general characteristic of beta 2-M has been given including the usefulness in clinical diagnostics. A great part of this paper concerns role of this protein in nephrological diagnostics (early detection and localization of disorder, selective evaluation of filtration and resorption function, assessment of the degree of glomerules and tubules damage) and its significance in this field is without question. A very important problem is the determination of beta 2-M both in serum and urine, giving full information about renal dysfunction. The usefulness of beta 2-microglobulin in diagnosing cancer also has been described and discussed, and this protein can be used as a relatively sensitive marker of treatment in selected leukaemias. A beta 2-M usefulness in diagnostics has been presented in other diseases too, but it is worthy to note that the value of this test presently is not fully appreciated by clinicians.

Humans↗
PubMed1997

[Albumin and immunoglobulin levels in cerebrospinal fluid and serum in tick borne meningoencephalitis].

The levels of albumin and immunoglobulins G, A, M were determined by using nephelometry technique in the cerebrospinal fluid and serum in 14 adults with tick borne meningoencephalitis at the beginning and after four weeks of disease. Intra blood-brain synthesis of IgG, IgA, IgM was evaluated by indexes of synthesis (Tibbling formula). The blood-brain integrity was estimated by CSF/serum albumin ratio. Increased albumin and immunoglobulins G, A, M levels were demonstrated in first examination and only elevated levels of albumin and immunoglobulin M lasted after four weeks. Albumin level in cerebrospinal fluid and albumin ratio were elevated in both examinations. The serum levels of albumin and immunoglobulins were similar in first and second examination. On the basis these results we conclude that in tested patients blood-brain integrity was disturbed still after four weeks of disease.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

C-reactive protein concentration in the sera of pregnant women with imminent premature parturition and preterm amniorrhea.

C-reactive protein (CRP) levels were evaluated during spontaneous labour, in imminent premature parturition (IPP) and after preterm rupture of oocyst membranes (PROM). Increasing CRP level during spontaneous labour was found in 16.6% parturients. Elevated CRP level in patients with IPP makes it impossible to predict premature labour. In parturients with PROM, increase in CRP level makes further infection predictable only in a few cases.

C-Reactive Protein↗
PubMed1997

Alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) activity in the sera of patients during the course of viral hepatitis.

Total alcohol dehydrogenase activity in the sera of 77 patients in the course of viral hepatitis was determined by means of photometric method based on p-nitrosodimethylaniline reduction. Blood samples were taken 5 times at intervals of 7 to 9 day. We found that serum total ADH activity was higher at the onset of disease than that of the control group. The highest increase of activity was observed in the first week of hospitalisation, and exceeded the mean control value about 7 times. After that, the activity of ADH gradually decreased, and reached the value of the control group in the last period of the study. During five weeks of the study the total activity of ADH showed a good linear correlation with alanine and aspartate aminotransferases. We concluded that total alcohol dehydrogenase activity measured by photometric method increase in the course of viral hepatitis and correlate with the progress and treatment of disease measured by commonly accepted enzymatic markers of liver cell damage.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

Human alcohol dehydrogenase isoenzyme activity in the sera of non-alcoholic liver cirrhotic patients.

The activities of class I and II alcohol dehydrogenase isoenzymes were examined in the sera of patients with non-alcoholic liver cirrhosis using a fluorometric method. The analysis of these results shows a statistically significant increase (2,5-times) in the activity of class I alcohol dehydrogenase, and no marked differences in the activity of class II in cirrhotic and control patients. The observed increase in total enzyme activity measured using a photometric method was not very high but confirmed the elevation of class I isoenzyme activity. Activities of both classes of alcohol dehydrogenase isoenzymes have a good correlation with aspartate aminotransferase. Class II isoenzyme activity additionally correlates with alkaline phosphatase. These results suggest that serum activity of class I alcohol dehydrogenase is a better indicator of liver cell destruction during non-alcoholic cirrhosis than total enzyme activity, and is comparable with the value of aspartate aminotransferase.

Adult↗