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Biomedical subjects

M Svensson

Publications and source records attributed to M Svensson.

At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

The impact response of the seated subject.

An impact method for establishing the dynamic response of the seated subject is introduced. The method employs a pendulum to apply the impact to the suspended seat. Pins are placed in the spinous process at L3. Highly reproducible results are obtained. The results were not affected by the amplitude of impact, implying a linear system. A marked peak of transmissibility is found in the 4-5 Hz range and an attenuation peak is found close to 8 Hz. Both muscle contraction and postural changes affect the dynamic response. A relaxed posture shows greater gain and attenuation peaks. A valsalva stiffens the system and reduces the effective damping. The vertical response of the body probably shows in the 5-6 Hz peak, while the rotational response is probably encompassed in the 8 Hz attenuation peak.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Home service costs: the Swedish experience.

This article will show that the annual cost of service and care for a receiver of home service in Sweden ranges from SEK 5,000 to SEK 435,000 according to individual disability. In our sample, the average annual cost amounts to slightly less than SEK 100,000. Furthermore, the cost of service and care for pensioners of good mental health is about SEK 50,000 higher than for the group of mentally disabled (everything else being the same). Not quite unexpectedly, the annual cost of service and care decreases when assistance from relatives increases. Without help from relatives, the annual cost increases by approximately SEK 16,000 per individual. The average annual cost is higher for home service receivers who live at home and have an alarm telephone than for those who have not got an alarm telephone (everything else being the same). Alarm telephone systems which require staff for supervision and home visits account for half of the recorded difference in cost. Both living in one's own home with handicap adjustment and living in a service flat mean a lower cost of service and care than living in one's own home without handicap adjustment (everything else being the same). For persons who are in great need of daily help, living at home implies a cost that is slightly more than 20 per cent higher than the cost for living in a service flat.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed1991

Synaptic detachment from hypoglossal neurons after different types of nerve injury in the cat.

Quantitative electron microscopy was used to examine synaptic numbers and total relative synaptic coverage on hypoglossal neuronal perikarya following transection or crush of the hypoglossal nerve in the cat. In cats subjected to nerve transection there was a statistically significant decrease in total synaptic coverage as well as in number of synaptic contacts/soma profile. After nerve crush there was a statistically significant decrease in total synaptic coverage but not in the number of synaptic contacts. These results indicate that the degree of synaptic detachment on motor neurons in the cat is influenced by the type of nerve injury.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Treatment of asthma in pre-school children with inhalation of terbutaline in Turbuhaler compared with Nebuhaler.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy, safety and preference of pre-school children with regard to two different devices for treatment of bronchial asthma with terbutaline. Turbuhaler, a powder inhaler preloaded with pure terbutaline for inhalation, was compared with a pressurized metered dose inhaler, attached to a Nebuhaler. The study had an open, cross-over randomized design. Each treatment period consisted of 2 weeks. Diary cards were filled in every morning and evening by the parents regarding PEF, asthma symptoms, extra inhalations of terbutaline, and side effects. Twenty-one children (mean age 3.9 years) were included in the study. A highly significant (P less than 0.001) increase in peak expiratory flow (PEF) was obtained after inhalation with both devices. The PEF values in the mornings after inhalation of terbutaline with Turbuhaler were significantly higher (P = 0.046) than those with Nebuhaler. Further, the PEF baseline values in the evenings before inhalation were also significantly higher (P = 0.03) with Turbuhaler. No difference was found in asthma symptoms and extra medication between the two devices. Side effects were mild and few with both devices. The parents found Turbuhaler easier to handle and 19 of 21 preferred this device for future use.

Asthma↗
PubMed1988

Exogenous GM1 ganglioside and thyrotropin-releasing hormone do not affect survival rate of spinal motorneurons and number of ventral root myelinated fibers following early postnatal sciatic nerve transection.

Treatment with gangliosides or thyrotropin-releasing hormone has been shown to stimulate structural and functional recovery that follows mechanical or chemical lesions in the nervous system. We studied the possible effects of the ganglioside GM1 and thyrotropin-releasing hormone on the survival rate of spinal motorneurons after sciatic nerve transection at the age of 1 week in the rat. GM1 (30 mg/kg body weight, i.p.) was administered 24 and 1 h before and once daily for 2 weeks after transection. TRH (2 mg/kg body weight, i.p.) was administered 1 h before, at 2, 16, and 24 h, and thereafter once daily for 7 days after transection. Nine weeks postlesion, the number of motorneuron profiles labeled by retrograde transport from the proximal stump of the sciatic nerve was counted and measured using a computerized image analysis system, and the number of myelinated axons in ventral roots L4 and L5 was estimated. Compared with controls, no significant effects of GM1 or hormone treatment were observed with regard to the number, diameter, and area of motorneuron profiles and the number of ventral root myelinated axons ipsilateral to sciatic nerve injury. The results may indicate principal differences between various lesions and/or metabolic reactions following a lesion of developing and adult neurons. The present lesion model with an intense axon reaction and extensive nerve cell death does not seem to respond to administration of exogenous GM1 or thyrotropin-releasing hormone.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Effect on the rat hypoglossal nucleus of vinblastine and colchicine applied to the intact or transected hypoglossal nerve.

The possibility that interruption of axonal transport in otherwise intact axons induces retrograde neuronal and nonneuronal reactions was examined. In addition, the proposal that blockade of axonal transport proximal to nerve injury might inhibit or delay the axon reaction was examined. Cuffs containing various doses of vinblastine were applied to the intact hypoglossal nerve. Colchicine was applied in a similar way to the intact hypoglossal nerve, injected directly into the intact nerve, or administered proximal to the site of hypoglossal nerve transection. The effect on retrograde axonal transport in the nerve was evaluated in the vinblastine experiments by the retrograde horseradish peroxidase (HRP) technique following injection of HRP or wheat germ agglutinin-conjugated HRP into the tongue. A dose of 0.01% caused an almost complete, but transient, blockade of the retrograde transport of the tracer, and induced a clearcut chromatolytic reaction in hypoglossal neurons. The chromatolytic changes were accompanied by a significant increase in the number of glial cells, many of which were identified as microglia. Similar results were obtained with colchicine alone or in combination with nerve transection. Signs of Wallerian degeneration after vinblastine treatment (0.01%) were observed only in a small number of myelinated fibers. The findings are compatible with the view that depletion of retrogradely transported factors from the peripheral innervation territory (including the distal nerve stump) to the perikaryon and/or a premature return of anterogradely transported substances at the site of drug exposure are factors inducing retrograde neuronal and nonneuronal changes.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Efficacy of dietary regulation in primary health care patients with hyperglycaemia detected by screening.

The efficacy of dietary regulation was examined in 38 consecutive primary health care patients with hyperglycaemia detected on screening. Ten weeks of dietary regulation reduced overall mean fasting blood glucose from 8.2 to 6.5 mmol l-1. Fasting blood glucose fell more (from 12.3 to 7.6 mmol l-1 and from 8.4 to 6.6 mmol l-1) in the two quartiles initially above the median (7.15 mmol l-1), than in the lower quartiles (6.7 to 6.1 mmol l-1 and 5.7 to 5.8 mmol l-1), even though weight reduction was similar. The reduction in blood glucose correlated (r = 0.87) with the degree of fasting hyperglycaemia before treatment. Sixteen patients (42%) reached or maintained fasting blood glucose less than or equal to 6.0 mmol l-1, and they had a milder degree of glucose intolerance, a higher insulin response to a meal and a greater reduction in weight than the 22 patients (58%) who did not reach less than or equal to 6.0 mmol l-1. Nine patients (24%) maintained fasting blood glucose less than or equal to 6.0 mmol l-1 for greater than 5 years, and showed a considerable improvement of insulin action. Dietary regulation improved glucose control mainly by reducing fasting hyperglycaemia; neither the delay in early insulin release nor the associated elevation and prolongation of the post-prandial glucose excursions were reduced.

Aged↗
PubMed1988

Measurement of global and regional left ventricular performance with isotope technique in coronary heart disease.

In order to evaluate the left ventricular function in coronary artery disease, radionuclide measurements of global and regional ejection fraction (EF), regional wall motion and phase analyses of the left ventricular contraction were performed by equilibrium technique. One group of patients with angina pectoris and one group with myocardial infarction were compared with a control group. All the above-mentioned parameters significantly separated the infarction group from the reference group both at rest and during work, while the group of patients with angina pectoris showed disturbances mainly during work, such as impaired ability to increase global and regional ejection fraction and regional wall motion. Adding regional analysis and phase analysis to the global EF determination increases the possibility of studying the left ventricular function. However, this addition has a limited value in detecting impaired left ventricular function compared to the determination of just global EF in patients with angina pectoris and in patients with myocardial infarction.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Treatment of prostatic cancer by monthly injections of an LHRH-analogue depot.

Thirty-six patients with advanced prostatic cancer were treated by monthly depot injections of a luteinizing-hormone releasing hormone analogue (LHRH-a). Five of these patients were also pretreated for 14 days with cyproterone acetate (CPA) in order to counteract initial increase in testosterone concentration. Two weeks after the initial depot injection the serum testosterone had been reduced to and was maintained at castrate level. Luteinizing hormone and follicle stimulating hormone were also significantly reduced. Of the 31 patients 23 showed objective regression at 3 months, 9 had stable disease and none showed progression. At 3 months 22 patients reported subjective improvement. At 12 months 18 showed objective regression, 7 had withdrawn from therapy and 6 showed progression. Side effects were acceptable and comparable to those following surgical castration. It is shown that CPA counteracts the initial increase in testosterone concentration at initiation of LHRH-a treatment. We conclude that depot preparations of LHRH-analogues, both with and without pretreatment with CPA, are useful in the treatment of patients with advanced prostatic cancer.

Aged↗
PubMed1988

Radionuclide angiocardiography in post-myocardial infarction patients. Importance of the phase image of the left ventricle.

One hundred and one representative post-myocardial infarction (MI) patients were investigated with radionuclide angiocardiography (RNA) and exercise test within 1 month of the MI and after 6 and 12 months. From the RNA were calculated the left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and a quantified phase image, the phase standard deviation (phase-SD), representing the timing of the left ventricular contraction. The mean phase-SD was significantly higher among these patients (18 degrees, 19 degrees and 18 degrees, respectively, at the three investigations) compared to phase-SD in normals (6 degrees), indicating an impaired timing of the left ventricular (LV) contraction. At all three investigations a significant correlation was found between the phase-SD and the LVEF (r = -0.58, r = -0.74 and r = -0.75, respectively) and the corrected QT interval (r = 0.27, r = 0.44 and r = 0.39, respectively). Maximal serum ASAT in patients with their first MI correlated significantly to phase-SD. Low exercise capacity or unfavourable NYHA classification was associated with high phase-SD. Phase-SD higher than mean was also associated with significantly increased mortality during the follow-up year (p = 0.0057). In conclusion, phase-SD, reflecting the timing of the LV contraction wave, is easily accessible and clinically relevant. It merits further investigation as a prognostic factor after an MI.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Genital blood flow in male rats subjected to stress stimuli.

A common opinion among physicians is that some symptoms from the prostate gland are stress-dependent. However, no experimental support for this view has been presented. In the present study blood perfusion of the major genital organs of male rats were measured after they had been subjected to experimental "short- and long-term" stress stimuli. The blood-flow measurements were made by means of a radioactive microsphere technique. The used experimental "short-term" stress reduced the prostatic blood flow by approximately 50 percent. A decreased blood flow and a concomitant atrophy, indicating that the reduction in blood flow has been in force over a prolonged period of time, were noticed in all examined genital organs of the rats subjected to prolonged stress stimuli. The decreases in blood flow and weight were most pronounced in the prostate gland.

Animals↗