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Biomedical subjects

M Sundaram

Publications and source records attributed to M Sundaram.

At least 235 records · Page 13Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

CT findings in leukemia.

Review of 84 computed tomographic (CT) scans in leukemic patients demonstrated a wide spectrum of abnormalities. Findings caused by leukemia were lymphadenopathy, visceral enlargement, focal defects, and tissue infiltration. Hemorrhage was by far the most common complication and could usually be characterized on the noncontrast CT scan. The distinction between old hematomas, foci of infection, and leukemic infiltration could not be made with certainty without CT-guided aspiration. Unusual instances of sepsis, such as microabscesses of the liver and typhlitis, were seen.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Cerebral glucose utilization, as measured with positron emission tomography in 21 resting healthy men between the ages of 21 and 83 years.

Positron emission tomography (PET) scanning with 18F-2-deoxy-D-glucose was employed to examine hemispheric and regional rates of cerebral glucose utilization in 21 resting healthy men between the ages of 21 and 83 years. The eyes of the subjects were covered and the external auditory canals were plugged with cotton in the 45 minutes following injection of tracer. Mean hemispheric cerebral metabolic rates for glucose (CMRglc) averaged 4.3 to 4.4 mg x 100 g-1 X min-1, and mean hemispheric grey matter glucose utilization, (CMRglc)grey, averaged 5.2 to 5.3 mg x 100 g-1 X min-1. Neither parameter was correlated significantly with age, nor were their right/left ratios correlated with age (P greater than 0.05). The mean ratios, furthermore, did not differ significantly from 1. Regional cerebral metabolic rates for glucose, rCMRglc, at each of 31 identified midline and bilateral structures also were not correlated significantly with age. Mean rCMRglc ranged from 2.6 mg X 100 g-1 X min-1 at the centrum semiovale to 6.2 mg . 100 g-1 X min-1 at the precentral gyrus of the frontal lobe and precuneus of the parietal lobe. The results indicate that the cerebral metabolic rate for glucose is not correlated with age in healthy men.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Comparison of computed tomography with high-resolution real-time ultrasound in the localization of the impalpable undescended testis.

Localization of an undescended testis was attempted in 23 instances in 20 patients using both computed tomography (CT) and high-resolution real-time ultrasonography. The testis was identified and correctly localized 16 times by CT and 15 times by ultrasound. There was one false-negative diagnosis by CT and two by ultrasound. False-positive diagnoses were not made with either modality in the six cases in which the testis was not found during exploratory surgery. CT showed 94% sensitivity, 100% specificity, and 96% accuracy; ultrasound resulted in 88% sensitivity, 100% specificity, and 91% accuracy. The authors recommend high-resolution real-time ultrasound as the modality of choice for this procedure because it is simple, accurate, and avoids the use of ionizing radiation. CT may be used when ultrasound findings are negative or equivocal. Angiography should rarely be required.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Hyperdensity of recent hemorrhage at body computed tomography: incidence and morphologic variation.

Body computed tomographic (CT) scans were reviewed in 73 patients with hematomas of recent onset. The incidence, extent, and morphologic variation of regions of hyperdensity on precontrast scans were assessed. Hyperdensity was also sought in the scans of 80 control subjects with a mass due to neoplasm or abscess demonstrated at CT. Of the 73 hematomas 55 (75%) exhibited regions of localized or diffuse hyperdensity. Only one of the 80 (1.25%) control lesions showed relative hyperdensity that could not be explained by obvious calcification, bone fragments, or diminished density of the organ of origin. Predominant hyperdensity throughout the lesion was present in 35 (48%) of the hematomas and in 16 (22%) of these was homogenous in texture. Other patterns of hyperdensity included linear shadows, hyperdense filling defects surrounded by fluid, dependent position of hyperdense fragments, and fluid fluid levels with dependent hyperdensity. Hyperdensity at CT was due to the high hemoglobin content of retracted clot or sedimented blood. The various patterns seen can be related to sequential changes occurring in blood following hemorrhage. Relative hyperdensity and its variations seen on precontrast scans are useful diagnostic signs of recent hemorrhage.

Hematoma↗
PubMed1983

Carotid atherosclerosis: high-resolution real-time sonography correlated with angiography.

The merits of high-resolution real-time sonography in detection of plaque and estimation of stenoses were compared with angiography in 97 carotid bifurcations from 50 consecutive patients. For flow-reducing lesions, that is, stenosis greater than or equal to 50% or complete occlusion, sonographic accuracy was 86% and the mean difference in percentage narrowing was 17% (SD, 21.6%). For detection of normal or non-flow-reducing lesions, that is, less than 50% stenosis, sonographic accuracy was 89% and the mean difference in percentage narrowing was 8% (SD, 10.2%). Errors occurred mainly in severely diseased vessels and were often related to calcification in lesions and/or plaque of low echogenicity. Accuracy was lowest in predicting complete vessel occlusion (36%). Greatest accuracy was found in assessment of minimal disease. The technique is a useful supplement to the battery of noninvasive tests used to screen patients at risk for stroke and in defining those requiring angiography before surgery.

Arteriosclerosis↗
PubMed1983

CT in aortic trauma.

A diagnosis of aortic transection was made at computed tomography (CT) in four of 10 patients with acute multiple trauma suspected of having thoracic aortic injuries. There were no false-negative or false-positive examinations. The CT findings of an injured aorta were (1) false aneurysm, (2) linear lucency within the opacified aortic lumen caused by the torn edge of the aortic wall, (3) marginal irregularity of the opacified aortic lumen, (4) periaortic or intramural aortic hematoma, and (5) dissection. The extent of associated mediastinal hemorrhage and the amount of blood in the pleural space were not useful as indicators of aortic injury. Similarly, shift of the trachea and esophagus or absence thereof was found in patients with or without aortic tear.

Accidents, Traffic↗
PubMed1983

High-resolution real-time sonography of scrotal varicocele.

Real-time sonography of the scrotal veins was performed in 13 subjects with clinically obvious or small varicocele and in 10 normal controls. In normals, the vessels were 0.5-1.5 mm in caliber and a main draining vein up to 2 mm often was seen. In all varicoceles, numerous dilated, tortuous, branching vessels of uniform size were observed. Vessels of different lesions varied in caliber from 2 to 5 mm. Blood flow was seen in some normal vessels, and sluggish flow was observed in all varicoceles. The direction of visualized flow and the influence on flow of the upright position and Valsalva maneuver were shown with confidence only in large and medium-sized lesions. In these the findings were consistent with incompetence of the internal spermatic venous system. The cystic spaces in multiloculated spermatoceles or epididymal cysts varied more in size, were not tubular or branching, and no flow phenomenon was seen at high gain settings. Sonography provides an alternative to other noninvasive tests for detection of a small varicocele, especially in the infertile patient.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Isolated bilateral complete ptosis.

A 45-year-old man had bilateral complete ptosis attributed to damage to the central caudal nucleus in the nuclear complex of the third cranial nerve, the other subnuclei being spared. Many discrete inflammatory foci were found in the midbrain and brainstem, a picture resembling that seen in subacute encephalitis. The findings are related to Warwick's concept of the anatomy of the third nerve.

Blepharoptosis↗
PubMed1982

The role of computed tomography in pelvic fractures.

Adequate radiologic demonstration of the extent of pelvic fractures facilitates planning of their treatment by the orthopedic surgeon. Traditionally, this evaluation has been by conventional radiology. This report details results of computed tomography (CT) in the evaluation of pelvic fractures in 34 patients. In most cases, CT was able to identify and delineate the extent of fractures, demonstrate displacement of the involved bones, localize bone fragments and characterize joint derangements. Many of these features were better demonstrated at CT compared with conventional radiographs. In particular, in 10 patients loose bodies were seen at CT that were not evident on conventional radiography. The extent of associated soft tissue injury is also well shown by CT and demonstrated peripelvic or intraarticular fluid collections can be aspirated under CT guidance to rule out sepsis. This study suggests that CT is useful in the assessment of major pelvic fractures.

Acetabulum↗