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Biomedical subjects

M Sugarman

Publications and source records attributed to M Sugarman.

10 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1995

Weaning ages in a sample of American women who practice extended breastfeeding.

This research examined age and method of weaning in a sample of 179 women who practiced extended breastfeeding. The average age for weaning was between 2 years 6 months and 3 years 0 months and ranged from 1 month to 7 years 4 months. Fourteen women had each weaned at least three children, and the youngest children were significantly older at the time of weaning than were their older siblings. Weaning was described as being "gradual" and "child-led" by the majority of women. A smaller, but substantial, percentage of women cited reasons for weaning related to a subsequent pregnancy. Weaning ages for women who practice extended nursing were substantially older than were those of more typical North American mothers and were similar to those in traditional cultures with similar parenting practices.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

The social consequences of long-term breastfeeding.

This study examined the social consequences for mothers of long-term breastfeeding in a non-supportive culture, and how mothers learned to cope with negative reactions and comments from others. One hundred seventy-nine women who were recruited from La Leche League area conferences nationwide from 1989 to 1991 completed a self-administered closed-ended questionnaire which asked about their breastfeeding and weaning experiences. The percentage of mothers who cited "social stigma" as a negative aspect of breastfeeding increased dramatically as the age of the child increased; 29 percent cited social stigma for breastfeeding past six months, 44 percent for breastfeeding past 12 months, and 61 percent for breastfeeding past 24 months. In spite of the social stigma, the women cited more positive aspects for breastfeeding (M = 6.18 aspects) than they did negative aspects (M = .85 aspects). The positive aspects of breastfeeding emphasized the strong emotional bond between mother and child, and the emotional benefits they both received. Mother-to-mother support, spousal support, and a woman's own sense of confidence were important buffers against the criticism of others. And while the criticism of others was likely to cause negative feelings, the mothers reported that it had very little impact on their breastfeeding behaviors.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

A multivariate analysis of clinicians' perceptions of supervisory effectiveness.

The study was designed to identify and structure supervisory behaviors that speech clinicians perceive as critical to the process of supervision. A total of 164 student clinicians in 37 Midwestern clinical facilities evaluated the behavior of 87 clinical supervisors. Factor analysis yielded two distinct dimensions, interpersonal and administrative factors, and indicated that eight variables contributed most significantly to the evaluative process. When the variables were regressed against the supervisors' overall effectiveness ratings, a three-variable prediction system resulted. "Respect for the student clinician" was the single most valid predictor of perceived supervisory effectiveness, followed by "confrontation" and "empathy" variables. Implications for training supervisors in interactive skills are discussed, along with recommendations for future research.

Administrative Personnel↗
PubMed1977

Plant thorn synovitis.

Five children with an inflammatory monarthritis due to penetration of the joint by plant thorns are presented. The clinical presentation was that of a transient acute synovitis followed by a relatively asymptomatic period, and later by chronic arthritis often after the thorn injury was forgotten. Histopathology demonstrated a granulomatous synovitis. Polarized light microscopy facilitated identification of the plant tissue within the synovium. Conservative medical therapy was ineffective, but surgical excision of the affected synovium resulted in normal joint function. The differential diagnosis of monarthritis in children in extensive, and awareness of this condition is necessary to elicit a comprehensive history and to avoid delay in treatment.

Arthritis↗
PubMed1977

Paranatal influences on maternal-infant attachment.

This paper reviews recent literature relating to effects on mother-infant attachment of events during pregnancy, birth, and the post-partum period. It is suggested that, for the sake of the physical and emotional well-being of child and mother, medical and technological interventions be held to a minimum during this time. Recommendations are made for the restructuring of routine professional practice.

Abnormalities, Drug-Induced↗